Source: International Financial Statistics database, IMF,; Department of Statistics, Malaysia; Note:ASEAN-4= Indonesia Malaysia, the Philipines, and Thailand, BCV = Brunei, Cambodia, Note: ASEAN-5 = Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand; Plus-3 ex China = Hong Kong, Japan, and Korea. Data refers to the direct investment liabilities item and Vietnam, Plus-3 ex HK = China, Japan, and Korea, HK and SG = Hong Kong, and and Malaysia (Q4 2025). Excludes Brunei, Lao PDR, and Myanmar due to data unavailability. (Trillions of US dollars; percent of total) Source: Institute of International Finance via Haver Analytics; AMRO staff calculations. Note: Data refer to flows for China, Korea, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Source: IMF via Haver Analytics; AMRO staff calculations Note:Dataxclueng KngrueMyamar andLaRdt datanavailabilty. Thailand. Data for debt flows are up to October 2025. Data may differ from official balance of payments statistics due to several factors, including differences in data sources, timing of recording (settlement-based versus trade-based), and scope of transactionsincluded (e.g, reinvested earnings offshore trading).