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图四：1995-2023年中国原生铝冶炼电力消耗

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所属报告：

气候转型亚洲（Transition Asia）：2025中国铝工业：降碳的挑战与机遇研究报告（18页）.pdf

打包全文图表

在贸易中，中国的铝制品主要以出口为主，而进口则主要集中在原铝和铝屑上。俄罗斯是中国原铝的主要进口来源，并于2022年超越印度，成为中国最大的原铝进口国，并在2024年占总进口量的50%以上。印度曾是主要来源国，但由于关税政策冲突，原铝进口大幅减少。7铝屑进口在过去10年中占总进口量的曾是铝屑进口的主要来源，直到2020年马来西亚取而代之。此后，马来西亚一直是最大的铝屑进口来源国，并在2024年占总铝屑进口的24%° 中国是全球最大的铝制品出口国，涵盖半成品和成品。在2024年，中国出口了约600万吨铝材和约 300万吨成品，两者合计占国内原铝生产总量的22%。作为铝制品制造的领先国家，中国出口各种类型的铝材，如铝卷、铝箔丶铝带和铝型材。与原铝相比，铝制品的出口目的地更加多样化，尤其是在2017年贸易争端导致对美国的出口大幅下降后，主要出口市场转向了墨西哥、韩国丶东南亚和印度。1成品铝制品的出口目的地也较为分散。在过去十年里，美国一直是主要市场，占总出口量的10%至20%。铝冶炼过程能源消耗极大’主要原因是电解过程需要大量电力。仅冶炼过程就占全球电力需求的了%，在中国，这一需求在2023年占全国总电力需求的7%，超过了法国和德国等国的总电力生产量。2021自铝工业起步以来，煤炭一直是中国铝冶炼的主要能源。丰富的煤炭资源不仅为铝业提供了更具成本优势的能源选择；而且便捷的运输条件使煤炭成为中国电力生产和铝冶炼厂的首选能源。水电是第二大能源来源；自 2018年以来，随着中国铝业公司逐渐增加水电的使用，水电在冶炼过程中的比重也快速上升，尤其是在云南和四川等水资源丰富的省份。2018至2023年间，水电在冶炼中的使用量增长了三倍，但相比煤炭，水电的占比仍然较低。与此同时，太阳能和风能等可再生能源也开始在电力供应中扮演越来越重要的角色，逐步压低了煤炭电力的份额。自2017年起，铝冶炼厂才开始采用可再生能源，这进一步挤压了煤电的使用比例。近期，铝业公司纷纷投资自有可再生能源设施。截至2024年，至少17家铝业公司已拥有分布式太阳能光伏系统，3家公司则拥有风电场。22

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