商务部：2025年美国履行世贸组织规则义务情况报告（英文版）（103页）.pdf

1、TRANSLATION2025 Report on WTO Compliance of theUnited StatesOctober 2025iiTABLE OF CONTENTPREFACE.1EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.31.Structure of this Report.32.Main Contents of the 2025 Report.3I OVERALL ASSESSMENT ON THE U.S.COMPLIANCE WITH ITSWTO OBLIGATIONS.61.1A Destroyer to the Multilateral Trading System.

2、71.2A Practitioner of Unilateralism and Bullying Behaviors.91.3A Manipulator of Double Standards on Industrial Policies.121.4A Disrupter of Global Industrial and Supply Chains.15II SPECIFIC CONCERNS OVER POLICIES AND MEASURES OFTHE U.S.182.1Tariff and Non-Tariff Barriers.182.1.1“Reciprocal Tariffs”.

3、182.1.2“Fentanyl”Tariffs.212.1.3 Tariff Peaks and Tariff Escalations.222.1.4 Duty for Packages with De Minimis Value.222.1.5“Section 301”.222.1.6“Section 232”.24iii2.1.7 Telecommunications Equipment.282.2Industrial Subsidies.302.2.1 Electric Vehicles.302.2.2 Semiconductors.322.2.3 Photovoltaic.342.2

4、.4 Clean Energy.352.2.5 Critical Minerals.362.2.6 Aviation.372.2.7 Biotechnology and Biomanufacturing.382.2.8 Notification of Subsidies.382.3Agricultural Subsidies.392.3.1 Amount of Agricultural Subsidies.402.3.2 Amber Box Spending.402.3.3 Product-Specific Support.412.3.4 Notification of Agricultura

5、l Subsidies.412.4Trade Remedies.422.4.1“Surrogate Country”Methodology.422.4.2 Separate Rates.432.4.3 Public Body.442.4.4 External benchmark.452.4.5 Trans-National Subsidy Investigations.46iv2.4.6 Adverse Facts Available.482.4.7 Sunset Review.492.5Standards,Technical Regulations and Conformity Assess

6、mentProcedures.512.5.1Energy Conservation Standards for Room Air Conditioners.512.5.2Certification for Civil Aviation Security Screening Equipment.522.5.3Participation of Foreign Enterprises in Standardization Activities.522.5.4 Seafood Import Monitoring Program.532.5.5 Import Alert 99-30.542.6Trade