1、Education at aGlance 2023OECD INDICATORSEducation at a Glance2023OECD INDICATORSThis work is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD.The opinions expressed andarguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Member countries of the OECD.T

2、his document,as well as any data and map included herein,are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty overany territory,to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory,city or area.The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the r

3、esponsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities.The use ofsuch data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights,East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements inthe West Bank under the terms of international law.Please cite this publication as:OECD(2023),Education at a Glance 2023:

4、OECD Indicators,OECD Publishing,Paris,https:/doi.org/10.1787/e13bef63-en.ISBN 978-92-64-55819-9(print)ISBN 978-92-64-66689-4(pdf)ISBN 978-92-64-98399-1(HTML)ISBN 978-92-64-43778-4(epub)Education at a GlanceISSN 1563-051X(print)ISSN 1999-1487(online)Photo credits:Cover Christopher Futcher/iS;Marc Rom

5、anelli/Getty Images;michaeljung/S;Pressmaster/S.Corrigenda to OECD publications may be found on line at:www.oecd.org/about/publishing/corrigenda.htm.OECD 2023The use of this work,whether digital or print,is governed by the Terms and Conditions to be found at https:/www.oecd.org/termsandconditions.3

6、EDUCATION AT A GLANCE 2023 OECD 2023 Foreword Governments are increasingly looking to international comparisons of education opportunities and outcomes as they develop policies to enhance individuals social and economic prospects,provide incentives for greater efficiency in schooling,and help to mob