1、Ontology standards in smart citiesTechnology Report3Executive summaryOntology is becoming a key subject in the world of IoT,big data,AI and digital twin solutions for smart cities and smart city systems.Ontology is also playing a crucial role in the development of standards that are considered as SM

2、ART(standards machine applicable,readable and transferable).Ontology and ontology-based knowledge representation provide a greater level of interoperability,linkability,traceability and discoverability of digital content,particularly machine readability,as well as executability and interpretability

3、of digital content for intelligent decision-making and smart actions.However,in real world practice,no common understanding exists about what exactly constitutes ontology,and there are fragmented,separated and disparate approaches to ontologies on the part of different standards developing organizat

4、ions(SDOs)and different technical committees within the same SDO.Against this backdrop,the IEC Academy,in association with IEC SyC Smart Cities and ISO/IEC JTC 1,held a two-day virtual seminar from 22-23 September 2022 on“Standards Collaboration on Ontologies for Smart Cities and Smart City Systems”

5、.The seminar aimed to build awareness among standards developers and users of ontology standards/ontology-based standards about the various smart city ontology standards currently being developed by different SDOs.The presentations and discussions in the seminar addressed diverse understandings abou

6、t what constitutes ontology in particular as well as the different types of existing ontologies in general;overall methods for developing ontologies;methods for publishing and using ontologies;and foundation ontologies for smart cities.The virtual seminar included twelve presentations by invited cha