国际劳工组织：2023劳动世界监测报告（第11版）（英文版）（15页）.pdf

1、 XILO Monitor on the world of work.Eleventh edition A global employment divide:low-income countries will be left further behind without action on jobs and social protection 31 May 2023Key messagesXVarious global shocks and risks are holding back labour market recovery,especially in low-and middle-in

2、come countries.In developing countries,responding to the current multiple crises(or“polycrisis”)is constrained by a combination of high inflation and high interest rates,along with a growing risk of debt distress.XThe ILO projects that low-income countries,Africa and the Arab States are unlikely to

3、recover to pre-pandemic levels of unemployment this year.While the global unemployment rate is expected to fall below the pandemic level in 2023,this reflects stronger-than-expected resilience in high-income countries rather than a generalized recovery.XIn 2023,the global jobs gap is projected to st

4、and at 453 million people(or 11.7 per cent1),more than double the level of unemployment.The real scale of employment challenges is encapsulated by the ILOs jobs gap indicator which includes all persons who would like to work but do not have a job.The jobs gap is much higher among women(14.5 per cent

5、)than men(9.8 per cent).XDifferences in the jobs gap reflect a global employment divide.Low-income countries face the largest jobs gap rate at 21.5 per cent,while the rate in middle-income countries stands slightly above 11 per cent.High-income countries register the lowest rates,at 8.2 per cent.Low

6、-income countries are the only country income group that has seen a long-term rise in the jobs gap rate,from 19.1 per cent in 2005 to 21.5 per cent in 2023.XLow-income countries in debt distress face a jobs gap of 25.7 per cent in 2023.In low-income countries that are in debt distress,the jobs gap i