NSB：2026 STEM（科学、技术、工程和数学）人才：教育、培训与劳动力报告（英文版）（94页）.pdf

1、National Science Board|Science&Engineering Indicators|NSB-2026-11NATIONAL SCIENCE BOARDScience&Engineering IndicatorsLabor ForceSTEM Talent:Education,Training,and WorkforceNSB-2026-1|February 12,2026The National Science Board(Board)is required under the National Science Foundation(NSF)Act,42 U.S.C.1

2、863(j)(1)to prepare and transmit the biennial Science and Engineering Indicators(Indicators)report to the President and Congress every even-numbered year.The report is prepared by the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics(NCSES)within NSF under the guidance of the Board.It is subjec

3、t to extensive review.National Science Board|Science&Engineering Indicators|NSB-2026-12Table Of ContentsExecutive Summary5U.S.STEM Workforce Scale and Composition5U.S.STEM Workforce Growth and Economic Impact5K12 STEM Education Performance and Challenges6Higher Education STEM Pipeline and Internatio

4、nal Competitiveness6Introduction7STEM Labor8U.S.STEM Workforce:Size,Demographic Characteristics,and Labor Market Outcomes8Geographic Distribution of STEM Workers16Growth of the STEM Workforce18Foreign-Born STEM Workers in the United States22Pathways to STEM Occupations24STEM Workers in the Economy29

5、Path to STEM Employment35K12 STEM Education35STEM Degrees42Persistence and Attrition in STEM Education and Training63Postsecondary Enrollment in STEM63Transition to Employment for Research Doctorate Recipients65International Comparisons and Global Competitiveness70K12 STEM Education70STEM Doctoral D

6、egrees,Stay Rates,and Internationally Mobile Students75Conclusion83Glossary84Definitions84Key to Acronyms and Abbreviations84References86Notes89Acknowledgments and Citation93Acknowledgments93Citation93National Science Board|Science&Engineering Indicators|NSB-2026-13Contact Us94Contact Us94NCSES94Lis