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国际能源署(IEA):2024地热能的未来研究报告(英文版)(129页).pdf

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1、The Future of Geothermal EnergyThe IEA examines the full spectrum of energy issues including oil,gas and coal supply and demand,renewable energy technologies,electricity markets,energy efficiency,access to energy,demand side management and much more.Through its work,the IEA advocates policies that w

2、ill enhance the reliability,affordability and sustainability of energy in its 32 Member countries,13 Association countries and beyond.This publication and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory,to the delimitation of international frontiers a

3、nd boundaries and to the name of any territory,city or area.Source:IEA.International Energy Agency Website:www.iea.orgIEA Member countries:AustraliaAustriaBelgiumCanadaCzech Republic DenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryIrelandItalyJapanKoreaLatviaLithuania Luxembourg Mexico NetherlandsNew

4、 Zealand NorwayPolandPortugalSlovak Republic SpainSweden Switzerland Republic of Trkiye United Kingdom United StatesThe European Commission also participates in the work of the IEAIEA Association countries:Argentina BrazilChinaEgyptIndia Indonesia Kenya Morocco Senegal Singapore South Africa Thailan

5、d UkraineINTERNATIONAL ENERGYAGENCY The Future of Geothermal Energy Abstract PAGE|3 I EA.CC BY 4.0.Abstract This special report focuses on geothermal,a promising and versatile renewable energy resource with vast untapped potential for electricity generation,heating and cooling.Geothermal has been a

6、part of energy systems for more than 100 years,but it has played a limited role on a global scale.Now,the geothermal industry is at a critical juncture.New technologies are enabling access to previously untapped resources,while cost reductions and innovative financing models are paving the way for i

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本文主要讨论了地热能的现状和未来。地热能是一种有前景的、多才多艺的可再生能源,具有巨大的发电、供暖和制冷潜力。目前,地热能占全球能源需求的不到1%,主要集中在少数几个拥有易于获取的高质量资源的国家,如美国、冰岛、印度尼西亚、土耳其、肯尼亚和意大利。 地热能可以提供全天候的发电、供暖和储能。全球地热发电能力在2023年的平均利用率达到75%以上,而风能和太阳能的平均利用率分别不到30%和15%。地热发电厂可以灵活运行,有助于电网稳定,确保随时满足需求,并支持太阳能光伏和风能等可变可再生能源的整合。 下一代地热系统的技术潜力仅次于太阳能光伏,足以满足全球140倍的电力需求。如果继续提高技术并降低项目成本,地热能到2050年可能满足全球电力需求增长的一半。 地热能的投资正在增长,如果下一代地热能的成本大幅降低,到2035年,地热能总投资可能达到1万亿美元,到2050年达到2.5万亿美元。地热能作为一种可调度清洁能源,也吸引了能源行业之外的技术公司。 然而,要实现地热能的大规模应用,还需要解决一些挑战,包括项目开发风险、许可和审批流程、环境问题和社会接受度。政府支持对于鼓励投资和帮助降低下一代地热能的成本至关重要。
地热能如何成为未来能源系统的重要组成部分? 地热能技术创新如何解锁巨大的能源潜力? 石油和天然气行业如何助力地热能发展?
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