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1、The International Institute for Strategic StudiesEurope and the Indo-Pacific:Convergence and Divergence in the Digital OrderMeia Nouwens,Senior Fellow for Chinese Security and Defence Policy;Francesca Maremonti,Research Assistant,European Security and Defence;Mariko Togashi,Research Fellow for Japan

2、ese Security and Defence Policy;Hannah Brandt,Research Analyst,European Security and DefenceDecember 20232 The International Institute for Strategic StudiesContentsExecutive summary 3Introduction 5Section 1:Supranational Policy Approaches in the European Union 7National Critical Infrastructure 7Nati

3、onal AI Strategies 8The Protection of National Innovation Ecosystems 9Countering Disinformation in the Cyber Domain 10Section 2:National Policy Approaches in the Indo-Pacific 12National Critical Infrastructure in the Indo-Pacific 12National AI Strategies 17Protecting National Innovation Ecosystems 2

4、3Who manages investment-screening regulations?27Disinformation in the Cyber Domain 30Section 3:Comparisons between Europe and the Indo-Pacific 36National Critical-infrastructure Protection 36National AI Strategies 38Protection of National Innovation Ecosystems 39Disinformation in the Cyber Domain 41

5、Conclusion 44Appendix 46Notes 47CoverThree-dimensional render of global communications and networking in big city from an aerial view.Europe and the Indo-Pacific:Convergence and Divergence in the Digital Order 3 Executive summaryEuropean and Indo-Pacific countries are caught in the middle of the mou

6、nting systemic rivalry between the United States and China.The growing competition between these two countries in the digital domain is manifesting in different areas,including export controls,technological standards and national industrial poli-cies.However,considering the technological-innovation