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1、The African Growth and Opportunities ActLimitations,Utilization,and ResultsGeneva,2023iiTHE AFRICAN GROWTH AND OPPORTUNITIES ACT United Nations Conference on Trade and DevelopmentThe findings,interpretations and conclusions expressed herein are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the

2、views of the United Nations or its officials or Member States.The designations employed and the presentation of material on any map in this work do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country,territory,city or area o

3、r of its authorities,or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.This publication has not been formally edited.UNCTAD/ALDC/INF/2023/1iiiTHE AFRICAN GROWTH AND OPPORTUNITIES ACTNoteThe present study on the African Growth and Opportunities Act was commissioned in 2022 by the United N

4、ations Conference on Trade and Development.ivTHE AFRICAN GROWTH AND OPPORTUNITIES ACTContentsAcronyms and Abbreviations.vBoxes,Tables,and Figures.viI.Introduction.1II.The Relationship between Poverty and Preferences.5II.A.The Challenges Facing Sub-Saharan African Producers and Exporters.6II.B.Trends

5、 in United States Trade and Investment with AGOA Countries .8II.C.Limits on the Extent and Effect of AGOA Preferences .9III.The Extent and Utilization of Preferences.11III.A.Effect of AGOA Preferences on Dutiability and Average Duties.12III.B.Utilization of AGOA Preferences.14III.C.Three Causes of D

6、utiability:Extraordinary Tariffs,Rules of Origin,and AGOA Exclusions .16IV.Sectoral Perspectives:Apparel,Minerals,and Other Products.21IV.A.Three Principal Categories by Sectoral Concentration.22IV.B.Trends in United States Imports of Textiles and Apparel.24IV.C.Trends in United States Imports of Pe