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麦肯锡:生成式 AI 和美国工作的未来(2023)(中译版)(76页).pdf

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1、July 2023AuthorsKweilin EllingrudSaurabh SanghviGurneet Singh DandonaAnu MadgavkarMichael ChuiOlivia WhitePaige HasebeEditor Lisa RenaudMcKinsey Center for Government Generative AI and the future of work in AmericaCover illustration by Matt MurphyAbout the McKinsey Global InstituteThe McKinsey Globa

2、l Institute was established in 1990.Our mission is to provide a fact base to aid decision making on the economic and business issues most critical to the worlds companies and policy leaders.We benefit from the full range of McKinseys regional,sectoral,and functional knowledge,skills,and expertise,bu

3、t editorial direction and decisions are solely the responsibility of MGI directors and partners.Our research is grouped into five major themes:Productivity and prosperity:Creating and harnessing the worlds assets most productively Resources of the world:Building,powering,and feeding the world sustai

4、nably Human potential:Maximizing and achieving the potential of human talent Global connections:Exploring how flows of goods,people,and ideas shape economies Technologies and markets of the future:Discussing the next big arenas of value and competitionWe aim for independent and fact-based research.N

5、one of our work is commissioned or paid for by any business,government,or other institution;we share our results publicly free of charge;and we are entirely funded by the partners of McKinsey.While we engage multiple distinguished external advisers to contribute to our work,the analyses presented in

6、 our publications are MGIs alone,and any errors are our own.You can find out more about MGI and our research at the McKinsey Center for GovernmentWith its independent and analytical approach,the McKinsey Center for Government(MCG)is a dedicated center of excellence that helps government leaders deli

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根据报告的内容,本文主要讨论了美国劳动力市场的快速演变。主要观点如下: 1. 2019-2022年间,美国发生了860万职业转变,比前三年增加了50%。大多数转变涉及离开食品服务、面对面销售和办公室支持等职业。 2. 到2030年,预计将有1200万职业转变,比之前的预测高出25%。其中,办公室支持、客户服务和食品服务就业可能会继续下降。 3. 联邦投资、气候和基础设施以及结构性变化也将改变劳动力需求。例如,基础设施项目将增加建筑行业的需求,而绿色产业将取代石油、天然气和汽车制造业。 4. 女性比男性更可能需要进入新的职业,低工资工作者比高工资工作者更可能需要职业转变。 5. 美国需要更大规模的劳动力发展,以及雇主更广泛的招聘方法。雇主需要根据技能和能力而非学历进行招聘,并从被忽视的群体中招募员工(如农村工人和残疾人)。
疫情如何加速美国劳动力市场的变化? 生成性AI如何影响未来的工作? 美国劳动力市场面临哪些挑战和机遇?
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