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1、U.S.and Canada office fit out guideRContentsExecutive summary 3Report assumptions and methodology 5National averages 7Cost implications of 2023s top trends in office design 8How will construction costs change in the upcoming year?12Fit out cost benchmarks:in-depth 13Appendix A:Canada fit out costs 1

2、5Appendix B:Fit out costs by style 16Appendix C:Report methodology FAQ 192U.S.&Canada Office Fit Out Guide2U.S.&Canada Office Fit Out GuideExecutive summary JLLs Office Fit Out Guide provides benchmark costs to build out a range of office types across major markets in the United States and Canada.Th

3、e data in this report is based on an analysis of thousands of construction projects managed by JLL Project and Development Services(PDS)teams across North America.Construction has retained exceptional momentum into 2023,led by industrial and manufacturing,keeping prices generally elevated and the la

4、bor market tight.However,the office market faces a more turbulent future.Elevated vacancies,flight to quality,and new hybrid workplace models have limited the overall scope of development of the sector and is impacting values,particularly for commodity office assets.Coupled with higher costs of capi

5、tal and tightening lending standards,office fit-out activity is increasingly selective.As such,the trends identified here are intended to highlight the components creating thriving,post-COVID office environments.These are big issues with broad implications across the future of office real estate for

6、 decades to come and this report is not intended to exhaustively cover them all.Instead,we focus on one critical piece:What does it cost to build offices capable of meeting the needs of tenants today?16.00%+14.1%+9%+4.9%+10.1%0%8.00%12.00%4.00%14.00%6.00%10.00%2.00%0.00%Hard costsSoft costsFF&ETenan