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Brattle Group:动荡能源格局下的热水经济(2023)(中译版)(21页).pdf

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1、PREPARED BYThe Brattle GroupRyan HledikLong Lam,Ph.D.Shreeansh AgrawalGDS AssociatesRich HasselmanWater Water Heating Economics in Heating Economics in a Dynamic Energy Landscapea Dynamic Energy LandscapePREPARED FORThe Beneficial Electrification LeagueVOLUME I:SUMMARY REPORT|MAY 2023PLEASE NOTEThis

2、 report was prepared for the Beneficial Electrification League with funding from Wells Fargo in accordance with The Brattle Groups engagement terms and is intended to be read and used as a whole and not in parts.Brattle developed the analytical framework,quantified the total costs of water heating t

3、echnologies across different housing configurations,and performed the sensitivity analysis.GDS simulated fuel consumption patterns,collected equipment and installation costs,and advised on the analytical approach and assumptions.The authors are grateful to Keith Dennis of the Beneficial Electrificat

4、ion League for his valuable leadership and insights throughout the development of this report.The report reflects the analyses and opinions of the authors and does not necessarily reflect those of The Brattle Groups clients or other consultants.There are no third-party beneficiaries with respect to

5、this report,and The Brattle Group does not accept any liability to any third party in respect of the contents of this report or any actions taken or decisions made as a consequence of the information set forth herein.Unless otherwise noted,all graphs and tables were created by Brattle.Copyright 2023

6、 The Brattle Group,Inc.Notice12Introduction1Approach2Results3Policy Implications and Conclusion4See technical appendix for additional detail on assumptions and data sources.3Introduction1Approach2Results3Policy Implications and Conclusion4See technical appendix for additional detail on assumptions a

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本文主要研究了不同住宅类型和配置下,各种住宅热水技术的社会总成本,以确定最经济和适用的选项。主要结论如下: 1. 经济最优的热水技术因建筑类型和大小而异。电热电阻(具有电网互动功能)、热泵热水器和燃气热水器都可能成为最经济的选项。 2. 热泵热水器对较大住宅更经济,因为其高昂的前期成本被更高的年度能源节省所抵消。 3. 电热电阻(具有电网互动功能)在东南部地区的价值因电网互动而增加,但通常不是电热电阻水加热成为最经济选项的前提条件。 4. 燃气热水器的前期成本较低,因此在成本较低的范围内,通常比其他技术更具竞争力。 5. 热泵热水器在较低的排放成本和较低的电力成本情景下具有优势,其较低的效率被较低的前期成本和电网系统的增量效益所抵消。 6. 储水式电热水器在较小住宅中可能是经济的选择,但在大规模采用时可能会对配电系统造成重大负担。 7. 从社会成本角度看,丙烷热水器的总成本最高。 8. 从客户角度看,当电加热从社会成本角度看是最经济的选项时,燃气通常是最经济的选项,这突显了零售能源价格与水加热器的实际系统成本之间的不匹配。
哪种水加热技术最经济实惠? 为什么电加热从社会角度看最经济,但从客户角度看却不一定? 电网互动性如何影响水加热技术的成本效益?
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