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S-Curve Economics:2025提升清洁钢材国际贸易竞争力研究报告:政策与外交共赢行动方案(英文版)(124页).pdf

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1、Making Clean Steel Competitive in International TradeA Positive-Sum Agenda for Policy and DiplomacyA report of the Breakthrough Agenda Policy NetworkAcknowledgementsThis report draws on the Networks discussions and joint research,and has also benefited from the expertise of a wider set of contributo

2、rs,including leading academics,research institutes,and think tanks working on steel decarbonisation,law,trade,and diplomacy.The members of the Network and other experts who contributed to the development of this report either directly or through their participation in relevant discussions are listed

3、 below:Rosana Santos,Stefnia Relva,Marina Almeida,Edlayan Passos and Pedro Guedes,E+,Brazil Hemant Mallya and Sabarish Elango,Council on Energy,Environment and Water(CEEW),India Chris Aylett,Chatham House,UK Energy Foundation China Hilton Trollip and Henri Waisman,The Institute for Sustainable Devel

4、opment and International Relations(IDDRI),France and South Africa Clarissa Pimental Vargas,The Climate and Society Institute(iCS),Brazil Kentaro Tamura,Institute for Global Environmental Strategies(IGES),Japan Kapil Narula,Climate Champions Team Leandro Janke and Ysanne Choksey,Agora Industry Alexan

5、der Ehrle and Frederik Doerr,facilitated by Baker McKenzie and the Net Zero Lawyers Alliance Wang Pu,Institute of Science and Development,The Chinese Academy of Sciences Karsten Neuhoff and Till Kveker,The German Institute for Economic Research(DIW Berlin),Germany Chris Bataille and Francis Li,The N

6、et Zero Steel Project Katherine Dixon,The Regulatory Assistance ProjectThis report does not necessarily represent the views of the institutions listed above.We are grateful for the funding and support of Energy Foundation China.Author(s)2025.This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attrib

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1. **钢铁行业现状与挑战**:钢铁占全球能源相关CO₂排放7%,是最高排放工业部门。当前贸易暴露度高(24%产量跨境贸易),且近零排放主钢生产成本比传统钢高30-75%,贸易成为转型障碍。全球钢铁产能过剩,2024年超半数G20国家提高钢铁关税。 2. **转型路径优先级**:主钢生产(占排放85-90%)是转型核心,需加速部署近零排放技术(如氢基直接还原铁)。废钢回收虽具成本优势,但供应有限(全球回收率80-90%),且发展中国家废钢储量低(如撒哈拉以南非洲人均<0.5吨)。 3. **政策与合作建议**: - **单边政策**:采用“补贴-再充电”模式(补贴清洁钢成本,均摊至国内/进口钢,出口免税),消费者成本增幅极小(如汽车成本增加<1%)。 - **双边合作**:绿色铁贸易(如澳大利亚年出口潜力600-200亿美元)可降低高成本国家清洁钢生产成本约15%。 - **多边协调**:推动清洁钢关税豁免(需区分主钢/废钢标准),或就清洁钢补贴原则达成协议,避免贸易摩擦。 4. **未来方向**:需建立新战略对话(如中国、欧盟、澳大利亚等参与),聚焦清洁钢部署,避免贸易政策与气候政策脱节。
钢铁贸易困局? 清洁钢如何破局? 贸易助力脱碳?
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