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世界气象组织(WMO):2023年全球气候服务状况报告:健康(英文版)(76页).pdf

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1、2023 STATE OF CLIMATE SERVICESHEALTHCLIMATE RISK&EARLYWARNING SYSTEMSWMO-No.1335 World Meteorological Organization,2023The right of publication in print,electronic and any other form and in any language is reserved by WMO.Short extracts from WMO publications may be reproduced without authorization,p

2、rovided that the complete source is clearly indicated.Editorial correspondence and requests to publish,reproduce or translate this publication in part or in whole should be addressed to:Chair,Publications BoardWorld Meteorological Organization(WMO)7 bis,avenue de la Paix Tel.:+41(0)22 730 84 03P.O.B

3、ox 2300 Email:publicationswmo.intCH-1211 Geneva 2,SwitzerlandISBN 978-92-63-11335-1NOTEThe designations employed in WMO publications and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of WMO concerning the legal status of any countr

4、y,territory,city or area,or of its authorities,or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.The mention of specific companies or products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by WMO in preference to others of a similar nature which are not mentioned or advertised.The

5、 findings,interpretations and conclusions expressed in WMO publications with named authors are those of the authors alone and do not necessarily reflect those of WMO or its Members.CONTRIBUTORS Report Editorial Board(WMO):Paul Egerton,Veronica F.Grasso,Christopher Hewitt,Cyrille Honor,Filipe Lcio,Jr

6、g Luterbacher,Clare Nullis,Brigitte Perrin,Anthony Rea,Johan StanderScientific contributors(WMO):Veronica F.Grasso(publication coordinator),Tom Idle,Nakiete Msemo,Joy Shumake-GuillemotScientific review:Study Group on Integrated Health Services(SG-HEA):Diarmid Campbell-Lendrum,Juli Trtanj,Jonathan Ab

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1. **气候变暖加剧健康风险**:全球变暖速度创历史新高,气候威胁健康基础(如清洁空气、水、食物安全),预计2050年超50%气候相关超额死亡率将发生在非洲。 2. **政策响应不足**:91%国家自主贡献(NDCs)提及健康,但仅11%包含无条件健康融资目标;仅23%卫生部利用气象信息监测气候敏感健康风险。 3. **极端热浪与空气污染**:热浪是极端天气致死主因,但仅半数受影响国提供热浪预警;空气污染年致数百万人早逝,但国际气候融资中仅2%明确用于空气污染。 4. **气候服务潜力未充分释放**:74%国家气象局向卫生部门提供气候数据,但仅31%能提供“全面/高级”气候服务(含定制化产品);极端热浪实际死亡率或被低估30倍。 5. **投资与协作需求**:仅0.2%适应资金聚焦健康,需加强跨部门协作(如WHO气候韧性健康系统框架)及气候服务与卫生系统的整合。
气候如何威胁健康? 热浪预警够吗? 空气污染谁买单?
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