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经合组织(OECD):2026菲律宾经济调研报告(英文版)(137页).pdf

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1、OECD Economic Surveys:Philippines 2026February 2026Volume 2026/6versionlaunchOECD Economic Surveys:Philippines2026versionlaunchThis work was approved and declassified by the Economic Development and Review Committee on 12/12/2025.This document,as well as any data and map included herein,are without

2、prejudice to the status of or sovereignty overany territory,to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory,city or area.The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities.The use ofsuch data

3、 by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights,East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements inthe West Bank under the terms of international law.Note by the Republic of TrkiyeThe information in this document with reference to“Cyprus”relates to the southern part of the Island.There is

4、 no singleauthority representing both Turkish and Greek Cypriot people on the Island.Trkiye recognises the Turkish Republic ofNorthern Cyprus(TRNC).Until a lasting and equitable solution is found within the context of the United Nations,Trkiyeshall preserve its position concerning the“Cyprus issue”.

5、Note by all the European Union Member States of the OECD and the European UnionThe Republic of Cyprus is recognised by all members of the United Nations with the exception of Trkiye.Theinformation in this document relates to the area under the effective control of the Government of the Republic of C

6、yprus.Please cite this publication as:OECD(2026),OECD Economic Surveys:Philippines 2026,OECD Publishing,Paris,https:/doi.org/10.1787/f0e0c581-en.ISBN 978-92-64-48216-6(print)ISBN 978-92-64-57924-8(PDF)ISBN 978-92-64-39939-6(HTML)OECD Economic SurveysISSN 0376-6438(print)ISSN 1609-7513(online)Photo c

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1. **经济增长与挑战**:菲律宾2024年GDP增长5.7%,消费驱动强劲,但面临全球贸易和人口老龄化压力。需提升劳动生产率(年均需增0.75个百分点)以实现2040年人均收入翻倍目标。 2. **财政与通胀**:公共债务占GDP 62.2%,财政 deficit 5.4%。通胀回落至1.8%,央行可进一步降息。建议取消VAT免税(如医疗、教育),转向税收激励。 3. **竞争改革**:电力和电信价格高企,存在垂直垄断。需强制分离电力业务、开放电信基础设施共享,并减少外资限制(当前多行业外资上限40%)。 4. **社会保护**:仅33%劳动者享有社保,非正式就业占比高。建议引入分层社保体系,降低低收入群体社保缴费,并调整最低工资以适应区域生产力差异。 5. **气候行动**:面临极端天气风险,煤炭发电占比高。需扩大煤炭税、推行碳交易体系(ETS),并加强沿海基础设施适应力。
**菲律宾经济前景如何?** **气候风险如何影响菲律宾?** **如何提升菲律宾生产力?**
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