1、 1Considerations on the environmental impact of AI in science International Science Council,2025 To cite this report:International Science Council(2025).Considerations on the environmental impact of AI in science.DOI:10.24948/2025.10 Authors:Denisse Albornoz and Natalia NororiReviewers:Marcel Dorsch

2、 and Gong KeProject coordination:Dureen Samandar Eweis,Vanessa McBrideProject chair:David CastleFunding acknowledgement:This work was carried out with the aid of a grant from the International Development Research Centre(IDRC),Ottawa,Canada.The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent tho

3、se of IDRC or its Board of Governors.Design:Mr ClintonCover photo:Frank RamspottAbout the International Science CouncilThe ISC is an international non-governmental organization with a unique global membership that brings together 250 international scientific unions and associations,national and regi

4、onal scientific organizations including science academies,research councils,regional scientific organizations,international federations and societies,and academies of young scientists and associations.The ISC works at the global level to catalyse change by convening scientific expertise,advice and i

5、nfluence on issues of major importance to both science and society.3ContentsKEY TAKEAWAYS 4ABOUT THIS PAPER 5INTRODUCTION 6SECTION 1:FOUNDATIONAL CONCEPTS AND FRAMEWORKS 81.1 Green AI.81.2 Sustainable AI.91.3 Ethical and responsible AI .10SECTION 2:ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF AI ACROSS THE LIFECYCLE 112

6、.1 Environmental impacts of AI .112.2 A lifecycle approach to assessing environmental impact.12-Software layer 12-Hardware layer 132.3 Estimating direct environmental costs across the AI lifecycle.13-Estimating operational costs 13-Estimating embodied costs 142.4 Transparency and reporting.14SECTION