1、 1Data and AI for science:Key considerations International Science Council,2025To cite this report:International Science Council(September 2025).Data and AI for Science.DOI:10.24948/2025.11Authors:Natalia Norori,Denisse Albornoz and Vanessa McBrideProject coordination:Dureen Samandar Eweis,Vanessa M

2、cBrideProject chair:David Castle Funding acknowledgement:This work was carried out with the aid of a grant from the International Development Research Centre(IDRC),Ottawa,Canada.The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of IDRC or its Board of Governors.Design:Mr ClintonCover pho

3、to:imaginimaAbout the International Science CouncilThe ISC is an international non-governmental organization with a unique global membership that brings together 250 international scientific unions and associations,national and regional scientific organizations including science academies,research c

4、ouncils,regional scientific organizations,international federations and societies,and academies of young scientists and associations.The ISC works at the global level to catalyse change by convening scientific expertise,advice and influence on issues of major importance to both science and society.3

5、ContentsSUMMARY 4RECOMMENDATIONS 4ABOUT THIS PAPER 5INTRODUCTION 6SECTION 1:FOUNDATIONAL CONCEPTS 7SECTION 2:KEY CONSIDERATIONS FOR AI-READY SCIENTIFIC DATA 92.1 Technical considerations.92.1.1 General data standards 92.1.2 AI-specific data standards 102.2 Data quality,volume and bias .102.2.1 Descr

6、iption 102.2.2 Data optimization techniques 12Data readiness for AI:Assessment tools 132.3 Ethical considerations.142.4 Environmental considerations.16SECTION 3:CONTEXT-SPECIFIC USE OF AI 17SECTION 4:DATA READINESS FOR AI WITHIN AN OPEN SCIENCE FRAMEWORK 18CASE STUDY:AlphaFold 1 .19CASE STUDY:Previs