1、Proposals for effective carbon pricingLeakage and linkage considerationsDecember 2023|ICC proposals for effective carbon pricing|2Please cite as:ICC(2023),ICC proposals for effective carbon pricing:Leakage and linkage considerations.https:/iccwbo.org/news-publications/policies-reports/principles-and

2、-proposals-for-effective-carbon-pricing/Copyright 2023 International Chamber of Commerce All rights reserved.ICC holds all copyright and other intellectual property rights in this work.No part of this work may be reproduced,distributed,transmitted,translated or adapted in any form or by any means,ex

3、cept as permitted by law,without the written permission of ICC.Permission can be requested from ICC through publicationsiccwbo.org.This document,as well as any data and map included herein,are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory,to the delimitation of international f

4、rontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory,city or area.ContentsI.Executive summary 4II.Proposals for effective carbon pricing:Leakage and linkage considerations 7III.Carbon leakage 13IV.Carbon linkage 18Bibliography 25Annex I:Existing instruments and measures to address carbon leakage

5、 27Annex II:Comparison of core features of carbon market mechanisms 30December 2023|ICC proposals for effective carbon pricing|4I.Executive summary 1 According to latest studies,80%of countries that signed up to the Paris Agreement have signalled their intention to use international market mechanism

6、s or broad international support to meet their goals.NDCs or increase ambition,while over 20%of countries have already actively engaged in at least one cooperative approach through bilateral agreements,MOUs or participation in pilot projects.See https:/ IPCC,(2023),AR6 Synthesis Report:Climate Chang