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1、Introduction /1Chapter One The Evolution of Chinese Modernization /41.Achievements on a Hundred-Year Journey /52.Chinese Modernization Has Changed China /11Chapter Two Practical Approaches to Chinese Modernization /171.Leadership by the CPC Is the Fundamental Underpinning of Chinese Modernization /1

2、82.Upholding a People-Centered Development Philosophy /203.Independence and Self-Reliance Are the Only Way /234.Reform and Opening Up Is a Crucial Move /245.Accelerating the Development of New Quality Productive Forces /296.Advancing Chinese Modernization as a Systematic Endeavor /33Chapter Three De

3、fining Features of the Chinese Modernization /381.Modernization of a Large Population /392.Modernization for the Common Prosperity of All /443.Modernization of Material and Cultural-ethical Advancement /484.Modernization of Harmony Between Humanity and Nature /525.Modernization of Peaceful Developme

4、nt /56Chapter Four Chinese Modernization:A New Form of Human Advancement /611.A New Form of Values:Putting the People First /622.A New Form of System:Constant Improvement and Reform /653.A New Form of Development:Becoming More Comprehensive and Coordinated /684.A New Form of Democracy:Whole-process

5、Peoples Democracy /715.A New Form of Culture:Continually Learning From the Past to Make Innovations /746.A New Form of Global Governance:Building a Human Community with a Shared Future /78Conclusion /82-1-Introduction With the Spinning Jenny kicking off the Industrial Revolution in the mid-18th cent

6、ury,Western countries started their journey to modernization.Today,after more than 250 years,the tide of modernization is still surging forward.China,once languishing in untold suffering and turmoil,is now embarking on a glorious and promising new journey toward modernization under the leadership of

7、 the Communist Party of China(CPC).Chinese modernization is socialist modernization pursued under the leadership of the CPC.It shares features common to the modernization processes of all other countries,but it is more characterized by features that are unique to the Chinese context.It is the modern

8、ization of a huge population,of common prosperity for all,of the coordinated pursuit of material and cultural-ethical advancement,of harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature,and of peaceful development.Is there only one model of modernization in the world?Is there only one set of standards

9、 of modernization that applies to all countries?Based on an analysis of Chinese modernizations theory and practice,the answer is no.This report reviews and analyzes the CPCs century-long dedicated efforts-2-of leading the Chinese people in exploring a path to modernization.Since the founding of the

10、Peoples Republic of China,and particularly since the CPCs 18th National Congress,China has made tremendous achievements lauded by the world in science and technology,economic development,ecological advancement,and many other fields.This report outlines practical approaches to Chinese modernization.U

11、nder the leadership of the CPC,China will firmly adhere to a people-centered development philosophy,follow its own path,advance reform and opening up as a crucial move,develop new quality productive forces at a faster pace,achieve greater self-reliance and strength in science and technology,and adva

12、nce modernization in all respects in a systematic way.Under the leadership of the CPC,the largest Marxist governing party in the world,China will be a pioneer in exploring green,low-carbon,and high-quality development,strive to build a human community with a shared future,and respond with composure

13、and solid action to global changes of a magnitude unseen in a century.Based on an in-depth analysis,this report asserts that Chinese modernization has given rise to a new form of human advancement.Chinese modernization is different from Western modernization in the following ways:it puts people,not

14、capital,first;it debunks the idea of“the end of history”and pursues the constant improvement and innovation of systems and institutions;it pursues a model of comprehensive and coordinated development,not one-dimensionality and alienation;it ensures that the people run their country and that democrac

15、y is not practiced for the few;it strives to both preserve cultural heritage and enrich it;and it rejects unilateralism in global governance and advances the building of a human community with a shared future.This report notes that modernization is not only about the economy,it is also about the wel

16、l-rounded development of the people.Chinese modernization has set an example for developing countries to independently pursue a path to modernization.Its theory and practice offer a viable alternative for countries and nations that seek to develop themselves both rapidly and independently and give-3

17、-inspiration,hope,and confidence to other developing countries as they explore a path to modernization suitable to their national conditions.The road ahead may be long and arduous,but with sustained efforts,we will reach our destination.The sun rising in the east will light up the road ahead.-4-Chap

18、ter One The Evolution of Chinese Modernization Since the very day of its founding,the Communist Party of China has made seeking happiness for the Chinese people and rejuvenation for the Chinese nation its aspiration and mission.All the struggle,sacrifice,and creation through which the Party has unit

19、ed and led the Chinese people over the past hundred years has been tied together by one ultimate themebringing about the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.aXi JinpingIn 1921,on a boat at Nanhu Lake in Jiaxing,the first CPC National Congress was concluded,launching China on its hundred-year jo

20、urney of modernization.aXiJinpingsspeechataceremonymarkingthecentenaryoftheCommunistPartyofChina，Xinhua News Agency,July 1,2021.-5-The founding of the CPC,inconspicuous in its beginnings,was a silent clap of thunder that marked the beginning of glorious and epic endeavors.In the one hundred years th

21、at followed,generation after generation of Chinese Communists have led the Chinese people in exploring and pursuing a path to modernization,scoring remarkable achievements along the way and making outstanding contributions to human advancement.1.Achievements on a Hundred-Year JourneyOver the course

22、of human progress,the Chinese nation has created an enduring and splendid civilization,long ranked among the great nations of the world,and made indelible contributions to the advancement of human civilization.After the mid-17th century,bourgeois revolutions erupted in a series of Western countries,

23、which soon entered the Industrial Revolution.Driven by new models of production,they quickly grew in strength.The bourgeoisie of these countries,through blood and fire,started its early accumulation of capital and colonial plundering.China,a country with vast territories,abundant resources,and a lar

24、ge population,however,gradually fell behind other countries in the global wave of advancement,industrialization,and modernization.As a result,it became a market coveted and fought over by Western powers.Starting in 1840,Western powers repeatedly invaded China and compelled it to cede territory and p

25、ay indemnities,grabbing all sorts of privileges.They thus gravely set back Chinas economic development and modernization process.“Our country endured intense humiliation,our people groaned in misery,and our civilization was plunged into darknessa.”This observation fully a Xi Jinpings speech at the c

26、eremony marking the centenary of the Communist Party of China,Xinhua News Agency,July 1,2021.-6-captures what happened to China when it was dragged into a West-dominated wave of modernization.Countless dedicated patriots made every effort to learn advanced systems and technologies from Western count

27、ries,hoping to move China along a path to strength and prosperity.Undeterred by setbacks,they explored all possible ways to save China.A group of Qing government officials represented by Zeng Guofan,Li Hongzhang,Zuo Zongtang and Zhang Zhidong called for drawing from the techniques of Western countri

28、es;scholars like Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao advocated reform;and Sun Yat-sen and Huang Xing believed that the solution lied in revolution.However,despite their unyielding efforts,their plans ended in failure,and they failed to lift the old China out of weakness and poverty.With the salvoes of Russ

29、ias October Revolution in 1917,Marxism-Leninism was introduced to China.From then on,Chinese Communists have shouldered the historic task of realizing Chinas modernization.Led by generation after generation of Chinese Communists,the Chinese people have ushered in a great transformation from standing

30、 up to growing prosperous and strong.By embarking on a Chinese path to modernization,China has made a historic transition from being dragged into Western modernization to leading the new wave of global modernization.1)1921-1949:Early explorations of modernization in the period of the new-democratic

31、revolutionIn 1921,when China was torn apart and bullied by foreign powers,the Communist Party of China was founded,and the Chinese people were granted the hope to free themselves from miseries and humiliations.In exploring ways to save China,the early Chinese Communists soon realized that imperialis

32、m,feudalism,and bureaucrat-capitalism could not possibly give birth to new productive forces and that China first had to carry out a profound social revolution.Chinas modernization would be possible only with the independence of the Chinese nation and the liberation of the Chinese people.-7-During t

33、his period,the CPC rallied the Chinese people and led them in carrying out the new-democratic revolution,establishing a new China in which the people run the country and thus realizing Chinas independence and the peoples liberation.This put an end to Chinas history as a semi-colonial,semi-feudal soc

34、iety,to the rule of a small number of exploiters over the working people,and to disunity that had plagued the old China.All the unequal treaties imposed on China by foreign powers and all the privileges they held in the country were abolished.China achieved a great transformation from a millennia-ol

35、d feudal autocracy to a peoples democracy.This created the fundamental social conditions for China to realize modernization.2)1949-1978:Explorations of modernization in the period of socialist revolution and constructionThe founding of the Peoples Republic of China marked a historic turning point in

36、 Chinas transformation from a country in decline into a strong and prosperous one.This made it possible for China to build socialism and pursue modernization.At its founding,the Peoples Republic was poor and weak,with a complete lack of heavy machinery manufacturing or other modern technology and eq

37、uipment.As Mao Zedong pointed out,“What can we make at present?We can make tables and chairs,teacups and teapots,we can grow grain and grind it into flour,and we can make paper.But we cant make a single motor car,plane,tank,or tractor.”In December 1953,Mao Zedong proposed that China should develop“m

38、odernized industry,”“modernized agriculture and transportation,”and“modernized national defense.”The proposition of“the four modernizations”thus began to take shape.In September 1954,on behalf of the CPC Central Committee,Zhou Enlai declared for the first time that China should develop modernized in

39、dustry,agriculture,transportation,and national defense.At the First Session of the Third National Peoples Congress,held from the end of-8-1964 to the beginning of 1965,Zhou Enlai officially announced to the nation the strategic goal of achieving modernization of agriculture,industry,national defense

40、,and science and technology.To achieve the strategic goal of“the four modernizations,”the CPC Central Committee put forward a two-step development plan in 1964.The first step was to establish an independent and relatively complete industrial system and national economic system.The second step was to

41、 fully realize the modernization of agriculture,industry,national defense,and science and technology so that China could rank among the worlds leading economies.Thanks to the dedicated efforts of the Chinese people,by the end of the 1970s,China had established an independent and relatively complete

42、industrial system and economic system,accomplishing the first-step task of“the four modernizations”strategy.The creative theoretical achievements and great progress made in this period provided valuable experience,theoretical underpinnings,and material foundations for Chinas modernization.3)1978-201

43、2:Advances in modernization in the new period of reform and opening upIn the late 1970s,as a new scientific and technological revolution unfolded,global modernization gathered pace.Facing new developments both at home and abroad,the CPC urgently needed to make political and strategic decisions regar

44、ding fundamental policies that would determine the future of the Party and the country.At the Third Plenary Session of the 11th CPC Central Committee convened in December 1978,a historic decision was made to shift the priority of the Party and the countrys work agenda onto economic development and t

45、o launch reform and opening up.In March 1979,based on an assessment of the conditions in China,Deng Xiaoping creatively set the goal of achieving“Chinese-style modernization.”In December of the same year,Deng Xiaoping used the term xiaokang(moderate prosperity),a distinctive term of traditional Chin

46、ese culture,-9-to define Chinese modernization,setting forth well-defined parameters for the level of modernization China would achieve by the end of the 20th century.Xiaokang thus became a standard to be met in Chinas drive for modernization.In 1987,the CPC Central Committee adopted a three-step de

47、velopment strategy for achieving modernization.The first step was to meet the basic living needs of the Chinese people by the end of the 1980s.The second step was to achieve a moderately prosperous standard of living by the end of the 20th century.The third step was to generally achieve modernizatio

48、n and reach the level of a moderately developed country by the middle of the 21st century.To advance Chinas modernization,Chinese Communists made bold explorations.They successfully integrated the socialist system with the market economy and made building a socialist market economy a goal of reform,

49、thus ushering in a new stage of reform,opening up,and modernization.On December 11,2001,China acceded to the World Trade Organization,becoming an integral part of globalization.This was a milestone in Chinas modernization drive.China aligned itself with WTO rules and promoted trade liberalization an

50、d investment facilitation.As it became more open,China added strong impetus to economic globalization and injected new vigor into world economy.In this period,China achieved a historic transformation,changing from a country with a relatively low level of productivity to the worlds second largest eco

51、nomy.It also made historic strides in raising the living standards of its people from bare subsistence to moderate prosperity on the whole,and then toward moderate prosperity in all respects.These achievements fueled Chinas modernization by providing new and dynamic systemic underpinnings and creati

52、ng material conditions necessary for achieving rapid development.4)2012-present:Chinese modernization on all fronts in the new eraAfter the 18th National Congress of the CPC in November 2012,socialism with Chinese characteristics entered a new era,and Chinese modernization advanced on all fronts.By

53、fully reviewing and drawing on the practices of-10-Chinas modernization,the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has continued to advance the cause and enrich the theory of Chinese modernization,thus opening up new horizons for rejuvenating the Chinese nation with Chinese modern

54、ization.In terms of theory,with a deeper understanding of the substance and essence of Chinese modernization,a sound summary of its distinctive Chinese features,fundamental goals,and underlying principles,and the establishment of a preliminary theoretical framework,the concept of Chinese modernizati

55、on has become better articulated and easier to understand and carry out.The new era is an irreversible historical process toward the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.Against this backdrop,Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era,rising to the occasion,represents a

56、 new breakthrough in adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of our times,and provides fundamental guidance for Chinese modernization.In terms of strategy,a two-step strategy has been drawn up for building China into a great modern socialist country in all respects.The timeline is as f

57、ollows:in the period from 2020 to 2035,generally achieve socialist modernization;in the period from 2035 to the middle of the century,develop China into a great modern socialist country that is prosperous,strong,democratic,culturally advanced,harmonious,and beautiful.To lay solid foundations for ach

58、ieving modernization,steps have been taken to implement the Five-Sphere Integrated Plan to promote coordinated economic,political,cultural,social,and ecological advancement and the Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy to make comprehensive moves to build a modern socialist country,deepen reform,advan

59、ce law-based governance,and strengthen the Partys self-governance.In addition,a series of major strategies have also been developed,such as the strategy for invigorating China through science and education,the strategy on developing a quality workforce,and the rural revitalization strategy.In terms

60、of practice,the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has rallied the entire Party and Chinese people and led them in-11-working tirelessly and making historic achievements and changes in the cause of the Party and the country in the new era.In particular,China has put an end to

61、absolute poverty that had plagued it for thousands of years,accomplished the First Centenary Goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects on schedule,and created a miracle in the history of poverty reduction.These represent a solid step toward the goal of delivering prosperity fo

62、r all.Advancing Chinese modernization is an unprecedented and groundbreaking endeavor.In the new era,China has adopted transformative practices,made new breakthroughs,and scored landmark accomplishments.All of this has provided more solid systemic underpinnings,laid stronger material foundations,and

63、 created a reliable source of inspiration for pursuing Chinese modernization.Thanks to ceaseless efforts made over the past century and more,China has opened new ground and achieved initial success in pursuing modernization.The theory and practice of Chinese modernization are based on Chinas specifi

64、c conditions.They add new modern substance to Marxist theory on development,integrate and draw on fine traditional Chinese culture,and present a theoretical framework different from that of Western modernization.Chinese modernization has disproved the claim that“modernization equals westernization”a

65、nd has enriched and developed the intellectual landscape of global modernization.“The more daunting a task,the more admirable the efforts to accomplish it.”On the new journey to continue the pursuit of Chinese modernization,the Communist Party of China will surely be able to rally the Chinese people

66、 and lead them in delivering a performance that stands up to the scrutiny of history.2.Chinese Modernization Has Changed ChinaUnder the leadership of the CPC,in just several decades,the Chinese people have completed the process of industrialization that took developed countries several centuries to

67、complete.China has scored widely recognized achievements in modernization and realized two miraclesrapid economic growth and-12-long-term social stability.It has grown from a country plagued by poverty and weakness into the worlds second largest economy,achieving a historic leap in its composite nat

68、ional strength.1)Eradicating absolute poverty and fulfilling the millennia-old dream of moderate prosperity in all respectsAchieving moderate prosperity is a dream long cherished by the Chinese nation.Since its 18th National Congress,the CPC has always prioritized poverty elimination in governance.G

69、iving full play to the political strengths of its leadership and Chinas socialist system,the CPC adopted a wide range of distinctive and pioneering steps to launch the most far-reaching and intense drive to eliminate poverty in human history.Thanks to eight years of unremitting efforts,China met its

70、 goal of eliminating poverty on schedule.By the end of 2020,the 98.99 million rural residents living below the current poverty threshold,832 poor counties,and 128,000 impoverished villages were all lifted out of poverty.Across the country,regional poverty was eradicateda.On July 1,2021,at the ceremo

71、ny marking the centenary of the CPC,Xi Jinping declared that,thanks to continued efforts of the whole Party and the entire nation,China has met the First Centenary Goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects,and the absolute poverty that had plagued the Chinese nation for thousa

72、nd years has been eradicated once and for all,and we are now marching in confident strides toward the Second Centenary Goal of building China into a great modern socialist country in all respects.Realizing moderate prosperity in all respects represents the fulfillment of a key target on the way to m

73、odernization and national rejuvenation.By reducing poverty,China has made an outstanding contribution to the a Xi Jinpings speech at a gathering marking the nations poverty alleviation accomplishments and honoring model poverty fighters，Xinhua News Agency，February 25,2021.-13-world,accounting for ov

74、er 70 percent of global poverty reduction,which marks a milestone in the development of human historya.Chinas targeted poverty alleviation efforts have broken new ground in the theory and practice of poverty alleviation and are highly relevant to other countries facing similar challenges.They demons

75、trate that human society has gone beyond what capitalism can do to eliminate poverty,thus turning a new page in humanitys pursuit of genuine equality.2)Achieving rapid economic development and a historic leap in GDPSince the CPCs 18th National Congress,Chinas economy has achieved a historic rise,wit

76、h GDP growing from 53.9 trillion yuan in 2012 to 126 trillion yuan in 2023,or around US$18 trillion calculated at the average annual exchange rate.China is now the worlds second largest economy and contributes more than 30 percent of global economic growth on average.Quantitative and qualitative imp

77、rovements in Chinas economy have driven global growth.Over the past decade,China has accelerated the transformation of its manufacturing industry from one that is only large in output to one that is advanced.Its service industry has become its largest sector,green development has become a core compo

78、nent,and consumption has become the primary engine driving economic growth.Chinas urbanization rate has increased steadily,and food and energy security as well as living standards have been ensured.The value added of new sectors as well as new forms and new models of business now exceeds 17 percent

79、of Chinas GDP.The share of Chinas GDP in the global economy between 2012 and 2021 rose from 11.4 percent to over 18 percent.In the last ten years,Chinas contribution to global economic growth has been larger a“The achievements made by New China in its development over the past 70 years are of global

80、 and historic significance,”Wang Zhidong,Guangming Daily,6th page,October 16,2019.-14-than the combined total of the G7.A high-standard open economy is taking shape.In recent years,China has continually cut tariffs,expanded market access,advanced opening up on a larger scale,across more areas,and in

81、 greater depth,and explored new ways of conducting foreign trade.Market access for foreign capital has been expanded further,and efforts have been accelerated to develop a high-standard open economy.China is becoming more open to the world,and this has greatly promoted global development and prosper

82、ity.China is now a major trading partner of more than 140 countries and regions and a main source of investment for a growing number of countriesa.At a time when the global recovery lacks momentum,a steadily growing Chinese economy will bring much needed certainty to a world full of uncertainties an

83、d add vitality to global recovery.3)With both vitality and order as well as development and stability,hundreds of millions of Chinese enjoy peace and prosperityIn the pursuit of rapid economic growth,the CPC has stayed committed to achieving prosperity for all.It endeavors to ensure both efficiency

84、and fairness,both vitality and order,and both development and stability while striving to fulfill the Chinese peoples wish for prosperity and peace.It has thus created a good social environment for advancing national rejuvenation on all fronts by pursuing Chinese modernization and has also contribut

85、ed to maintaining global peace and stability.Chinas national security has been strengthened across the board.Facing more severe domestic and international challenges,China has applied a holistic approach to national security and steadily improved the leadership,legal,strategy,a Building an open,incl

86、usive and interconnected world for common development,keynote speech by Xi Jinping at the opening ceremony of the third Belt and Road forum for international cooperation,Xinhua News Agency,October 18,2023.-15-and policy systems for national security.Chinas high-quality development has strengthened i

87、ts material foundations for ensuring high-standard security,which,in turn,has ensured its high-quality development.China has intensified the fight against terrorism and separatism and ensured nonoccurrence of terrorist incidents and violence in the country for six consecutive yearsa.China has also e

88、nsured sustained peace and security in Hong Kong and Macao and the successful implementation of the One Country,Two Systems policy.Thanks to comprehensive measures and continued efforts,the whole of society has been mobilized to safeguard national security,and the peoples line of defense has been co

89、nsolidated to ensure security in all areas.Living standards have been improved in all aspects.The CPC has strengthened social development,with a focus on ensuring and improving the peoples wellbeing.It has continued to make every possible effort,year by year,to tackle one issue after another,all to

90、ensure peoples access to childcare,education,employment,medical services,elderly care,housing,and social assistance.Since 1949,the average life expectancy in China has risen from below 35 years to 78.2 years,and the illiteracy rate has dropped from as high as 80 percent to 2.67 percent.All of this h

91、as ensured that the people are leading fulfilling,happy and secure lives.Since the 18th CPC National Congress,China has created more than 130 million urban jobs and established the worlds largest education,social security,and healthcare systems.Chinas system and capacity for governance have been ste

92、adily modernized.China has accelerated the reform of its social governance system.Since the CPCs 18th National Congress,innovative steps have been taken to strengthen social management,promote innovations in the social governance system,develop a a“The Ministry of Public Security:China maintains a r

93、ecord of zero terrorist incidents and violence for 6 consecutive years,”P,January 10,2023.http:/ model of social governance,and build a community of social governance.Guided by the principle of shared responsibilities and shared benefits,more stakeholders have become involved in governance.By the en

94、d of 2021,all urban communities in China had ensured access to comprehensive public service facilities,compared to 82 percent of urban communities at the end of the 13th Five-Year Plan period(2016-2020).The figure for rural communities increased from 31.8 percent to 84.6 percent in the same time fra

95、me.By the end of the 14th Five-Year Plan period(2021-2025),all urban and rural communities in China are expected to have access to comprehensive public service facilities.-17-Chapter Two Practical Approaches to Chinese ModernizationOur experience proves that Chinese modernization works and that it i

96、s the only correct path to building a great country and rejuvenating the nation.aXi JinpingThe success of Chinese modernization didnt simply fall from the sky,nor did it spring from the ground.Rather,it has been achieved,step by step,by the CPC,dedicated to its founding mission as it has led the Chi

97、nese people,one generation after another,in a concerted and solid effort to persevere through tough times.In leading and advancing Chinese modernization,the CPC has exercised a“Xi Jinping addresses the opening of a study session at the Party school of the CPC Central Committee,”Xinhua News Agency,Fe

98、bruary 7,2023.-18-overall leadership,upheld a people-centered development philosophy,followed a path of independence and self-reliance and a policy of reform and opening up,developed new quality productive forces,and emphasized a systematic approach,so as to ensure that Chinese modernization is maki

99、ng steady progress.1.Leadership by the CPC Is the Fundamental Underpinning of Chinese ModernizationChinese modernization is socialist modernization under the leadership of the CPC.The CPCs leadership is directly involved in the fundamental direction and the ultimate success or failure of Chinese mod

100、ernization.It is the fundamental underpinning of Chinese modernization.1)Ensuring the smooth advancement of Chinese modernization along the right pathThe banner shows the way,and which road the way takes us down determines our destiny.What banner to fly and what road to walk are of fundamental impor

101、tance to a countrys development.The CPC holds high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics and unswervingly follows the road of socialism with Chinese characteristics,thus ensuring that Chinese modernization advances smoothly along the right path.The CPC has steadily advanced theo

102、retical innovation on the basis of practice,thus providing sound theoretical guidance for Chinese modernization.It has endeavored to modernize the system and capacity for governance,thus providing strong institutional guarantees that can support Chinese modernization.It has continued to promote the

103、creative transformation and development of fine traditional Chinese culture and the development of modern Chinese civilization,thus creating a powerful source of inspiration for Chinese modernization.As Xi Jinping has said,“Chinese modernization will have bright prospects-19-and prosper only if we u

104、nswervingly uphold the leadership of the Party.Otherwise,we will veer off course,forget ourselves,or even commit catastrophic errors.”a2)Making steady and sustained efforts to secure the goals of Chinese modernizationThe CPC has stayed true to its founding mission of pursuing happiness for the peopl

105、e and rejuvenation for the nation,and it has always worked to pursue both its lofty ideals and tangible,incremental progress.Once its goals are set,the CPC will never stop until they are met.This has enabled it to transcend the fate of some countries to suffer endless strife between political partie

106、s and fickle policy platforms.The advancement of Chinese modernization has been a relay race through history.In particular,since the launch of the reform and opening up policy,China has been firm in pursuing the goals of modernization,steadily improving and enriching them through practice.At the 20t

107、h CPC National Congress convened in 2022,an inspiring blueprint was drawn up for building China into a great modern socialist country in all respects and advancing national rejuvenation on all fronts through a Chinese path to modernization.This spirit of generation after generation tenaciously fight

108、ing to achieve the nations goals is profound evidence of the CPCs strategic resolve and institutional strengths.3)Creating a mighty force to advance Chinese modernizationScattered,we are hopeless;together,we are strong.In a country with such a large population and complex conditions as China,in orde

109、r to rally all forces to a“Xi Jinping addresses the opening of a study session at the Party school of the CPC Central Committee,”Xinhua News Agency,February 7,2023.-20-pursue modernization,there must be a united political party.From a small political party with just a few dozen members,the CPC has g

110、rown into a party with more than 98 million members,a party that governs a country of more than 1.4 billion people.The CPC has always attached great importance to achieving unity by relying on common ideals and convictions,a tight organizational system,a Party-wide sense of consciousness,and strict

111、discipline and rules.The CPC will continue using its latest achievements in adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times to arm all of its members,so as to achieve unity in thinking,will,and action.Chinese modernization is the cause of the hundreds of millions of Chinese people

112、,and the people are the agents of Chinese modernization.The CPC has its roots in the people,and the people are its lifeblood and its source of strength.The CPC has no special interests of its own,nor does it represent any interest group,any power bloc,or any privileged class.Rather,it has always rep

113、resented the fundamental interests of all of the Chinese people.With a stirring vision of Chinese modernization,the CPC has inspired,motivated,and rallied the people and promoted harmony among political parties,ethnic groups,religions,and Chinese both at home and abroad.It has thus brought the sons

114、and daughters of the Chinese nation in and outside China together to strive in unity,creating a mighty force for building a modern socialist country in all respects.2.Upholding a People-Centered Development PhilosophyDevelopment is the eternal theme of human society.Modernization serves the peoples

115、longing for a better life and is a goal pursued by all countries across the world.Rooted in a people-centered development philosophy,Chinese modernization aims to protect the peoples interests,advance their well-being,and ensure that development is for the people and by the people and that its fruit

116、s are shared equitably by all the people.-21-1)Upholding development as the CPCs top priority in governanceThe goals of modernization can only be achieved through development,and the CPC has“pursued development as its top priority in governance.”Keenly aware that“development is of paramount importan

117、ce”and that“development holds the key to solving all of Chinas problems,”the CPC has“made dedicated efforts to pursue development”as the central task of advancing Chinese modernization.China is a latecomer in the process of global modernization.Catching up is no easy task,and only a few countries ha

118、ve succeeded.Many countries that started late in pursuing modernization have landed themselves in all sorts of development dilemmas.In the end,how to maintain sustained and healthy economic development is a fundamental challenge facing every country in the world.Thanks to more than 40 years of rapid

119、 development since the launch of reform and opening up,Chinas economy has grown fast,and it now comfortably ranks as the worlds second largest.In 2023,Chinas per capita GDP reached 89,358 yuan,an increase of 5.4 percent from the previous year.When calculated at the average annual exchange rate,it am

120、ounts to roughly US$12,700,maintaining a record above US$12,000 for three consecutive years.a Chinas economic achievements have been widely recognized.2)Meeting the peoples growing needs for a better lifeBringing maximum benefit to the people is what governance is all about.Guided by the people-cent

121、ered development philosophy,Chinese modernization aims to ensure that development is for the people and by the people and that its a“The Underlying Trend of Economic Recovery and Growth in the Long Run Remains Unchanged in China,”Leading Party Members Groups of the National Bureau of Statistics,Qius

122、hi Journal,3rd edition,2024.-22-fruits are shared by the people.It is pursued to meet the peoples growing needs for a better life and equitably deliver the benefits of modernization to all.This country is its people,and the people are the country.The Party has fought to establish and defend the Peop

123、les Republic,and in doing so it has been defending the will of the people.As Xi Jinping said,“Our goal is to see that the peoples aspirations for a better life are fulfilled,”and,“The Communist Party is here to do things for the people to make life better for them day by day,year by year.”Guided by

124、this philosophy,China has made every effort to support and improve the peoples livelihoods through development.It has taken forceful and effective measures to address issues that are important in the life of the people,such as education,employment,healthcare,social security,and social stability.As a

125、 result,the people feel more fulfilled,happier,and more secure.3)Following the overarching guidelines for Chinas developmentChinese modernization is an ongoing endeavor that will continue for a long time to come.We have seen that Chinese modernization is a broad path to building a great country and

126、rejuvenating the nation.But this broad path may not always be smooth,and our goals cannot be achieved overnight.It will require a lot of hard work to turn the grand blueprint of Chinese modernization into a reality.How can we continue to make miraculous achievements in development as we forge ahead

127、on our journey ahead?Chinas answer is to embrace a new stage of development,apply a new philosophy of development,create a new pattern of development,and promote high-quality development.This means embracing a new stage of development to build a modern socialist country in all respects,applying a ne

128、w philosophy of innovative,coordinated,green,open,and shared development,moving faster to foster a new pattern of development that focuses on the domestic economy but features positive interplay between domestic and international economic flows,and continue promoting high-quality development.The new

129、 stage of development tells us where we are now,the new philosophy-23-of development lays down the principles that guide our way forward,and the new pattern of development shows us the path to follow.The three are unified under the theme of high-quality development.High-quality development is our to

130、p priority in building a modern socialist country in all respects.In the past,China pursued development to meet the basic needs of its people.In the future,Chinas development will focus more on ensuring the well-being of its people.China will constantly improve the quality and effectiveness of its d

131、evelopment.3.Independence and Self-Reliance Are the Only WayChinese modernization is a distinctive path that the CPC has blazed in leading the Chinese people to independently carry out long-term explorations and unremitting struggles.It is a path that suits Chinas conditions and meets the needs of t

132、he Chinese people.This path is determined by Chinas national conditions and nature as a country as well as the times,historical context,and external environment in which Chinese modernization is pursued.1)Making concerted efforts to modernize China under the strong leadership of the CPCAs a developi

133、ng country with a population of more than 1.4 billion,China naturally faces many complex issues and problems as it pursues prosperity for all in the process of modernization.These issues and problems can be resolved only through the strong leadership of the CPC and the concerted efforts of the Chine

134、se people.Only by leveraging the political strengths of socialism can we motivate the people and pool resources to launch major initiatives,thus creating powerful synergies for achieving modernization.2)Forging our own path through the arduous explorations of the Chinese peopleSome developing countr

135、ies once hoped to copy the Western path to-24-modernization,but they all ended in failure due to ignorance of their own national conditions.In the 1980s and onwards,some Latin American countries accepted the policy recommendations of the Washington Consensus and introduced neoliberal reforms to vary

136、ing degrees.Although some gains were made in their economic transitions,many major problems emerged,such as the loss of government control over the economy and growing social polarization.Unlike these countries,China has followed its own path to modernization.By staying connected to its concrete rea

137、lity and through arduous exploration,China has set clear goals,tasks,and essential requirements for Chinese modernization.This path to modernization is rooted in Chinas reality and has distinctive Chinese features.3)Only by maintaining independence and self-reliance can China be free from others con

138、trolTo grow strong,we must first and foremost maintain independence and self-reliance.Leaving the future and destiny of ones country in the hands of others can only derail its pursuit of modernization.Even worse,it could lead to a countrys subjugation by others or even its disintegration.For more th

139、an 100 years,the CPC has rallied the Chinese people and led them in unyielding struggles,overcoming many unimaginable difficulties and winning one great victory after another.As Chinas economy has continued to grow,the living standards of more than 1.4 billion people have been steadily raised,and mo

140、derate prosperity has been achieved in all respects.All of this has further consolidated the CPCs place as the governing party,and the giant ship of socialism with Chinese characteristics has continued to sail forward.It is independence and self-reliance that have made all these achievements possibl

141、e.4.Reform and Opening Up Is a Crucial MoveA review of the history of global modernization shows that economic-25-modernization is core to a countrys modernization and serves as its material foundation.It is also an important source of power driving modernization as a whole.Chinas reform and opening

142、 up process,which began in 1978,was a crucial move that has enabled China to take great strides to catch up with the times and has made China what it is today.Reform and opening up is therefore of vital importance to continuing to advance Chinese modernization.1)Without reform and opening up,China w

143、ould not be what it is todayBefore reform and opening up started,China had become stagnant and lagged behind the times.With tremendous political courage,Deng Xiaoping,the chief architect of Chinas socialist reform,opening up,and modernization,called for the launch of the reform and opening up policy

144、.He said,“If we dont reform now,our modernization program and socialist cause will be doomed.”Deng Xiaoping regarded reform and opening up as an important way to unleash and develop Chinas productive forces and as an initiative that was crucial to the future and destiny of socialism in China.Since t

145、he launch of reform and opening up,the CPC has led the Chinese people in freeing their minds,seeking truth from facts,and boldly carrying out experiments and reforms.By making timely adjustments to the relations of production that were not compatible with the development of the productive forces,Chi

146、na caught up with the times in great strides and opened up a vast new horizon.Wuyi Village is in Chengxi Sub-district,Yiwu,Zhejiang Province.When a visitor sees Wuyis rows of beautifully designed new Chinese-style townhouses with white walls and black tiles,one may think that they have entered a nei

147、ghborhood of urban villas.Yiwu was among the first places in China to pilot the reform of separating the ownership,qualification,and use rights of rural residential plots.While ensuring that every household had a house,the reform went further to allow the transfer of residential plot qualification r

148、ights and interests between people from different villages.Since this pilot was launched,-26-reforms have given rural residents more property rights and put 10 billion yuan of dormant rural assets to work,giving new impetus to rural development.At a time when the global economic recovery is sluggish

149、,only countries with good business environments will attract investment,enjoy thriving business,and demonstrate strong economic resilience and self-sustaining momentum.China has promoted reforms to streamline administration,delegate powers,and improve regulation and services.This has created a marke

150、t environment of fair competition in which state-owned enterprises grow vigorously,private businesses blaze new trails,and foreign companies do not hesitate to invest.During the COVID-19 pandemic,local governments in China rolled out a full range of policies to help market entities survive and grow.

151、Chinas ranking in the World Banks Doing Business Report jumped nearly 50 places from 78th in 2018 to 31st in 2020.This put it among the top 10 economies that had made the greatest improvements in their business environments for the second year in a row.Reform and opening up is an ongoing endeavor th

152、at will continue for a long time to come.Reaching a new crossroads in history,China finds itself facing broad and profound changes in both its internal and external environments.Reform has entered uncharted waters and will inevitably encounter tough challenges.Going forward,China must deepen reform

153、and opening up on all fronts in order to realize Chinese modernization.Of particular importance is the continuation of reforms to grow the socialist market economy,to give full play to its institutional strengths,and to promote both an efficient market and a well-functioning government.2)China adher

154、es to the right direction,stance,and principles in carrying out reformChina is now deepening reform across the board,but this does not mean that everything will change.China adheres to the right direction,stance,and principles in carrying out reform.It will firmly change what should and can-27-be ch

155、anged,and it will firmly resist changing what should not and cannot be changed.Socialism is the fundamental direction of Chinas reform,and the peoples position is the most fundamental stance of reform.The most salient principle guiding Chinas reform is the leadership of the CPC.This leadership is th

156、e defining feature of socialism with Chinese characteristics,and it is the greatest strength of the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics.This direction,stance,and principle must be adhered to and should never be changed.While upholding and developing the socialist system,China carries ou

157、t reform to change the parts and elements of the relations of production that are out of step with Chinas productive forces and the parts of the superstructure that are incompatible with the economic foundation.This reform is pursued to strike a balance between the“visible hand”and the“invisible han

158、d,”so as to ensure the steady improvement of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the growth of Chinas productive forces.China has developed new ways to regulate market activities,and it has fully implemented fair competition policies against monopoly and unfair competition.For example,in the

159、face of global challenges such as the regulation of monopoly capital,while fully leveraging the positive role of capital as a factor of production,China has improved its legal system and strengthened law-based regulation.It has created a“traffic light”to prevent capital from being diverted away from

160、 the real economy and blindly expanding.All of these changes will further enable capital to play an important role in promoting the development of productive forces,creating social wealth,and ensuring and improving the peoples well-being.3)China will pursue high-standard opening up to promote reform

161、 and developmentOpening up to the outside world has boosted Chinas economic and social development.It has played a key role in promoting reform and development,-28-thus enabling China to make continuous advances in development.China began its process of reform and opening up in 1978,opening its door

162、s to the world.Following the trend of global development,China seized the strategic opportunities created by economic globalization and acceded to the World Trade Organization.By relying on its own efforts and riding the tide of global development,China has achieved economic take-off.Since the begin

163、ning of the new era in 2012,China has further opened itself,more actively pursued the opening up strategy,and built a globally oriented network of high-standard free trade areas,thus promoting opening up on a larger scale,in more areas,and at a higher level.Craig Allen,president of the United States

164、-China Business Council,remarked that despite challenges,cooperation between US companies and their Chinese counterparts is extremely resilient.According to Allen,the total volume of trade in goods between the US and China reached a record high in 2022,and US exports to China supported nearly one mi

165、llion jobs in the US.a A survey by the European Union(EU)Chamber of Commerce in China shows that more than 60 percent of EU companies surveyed consider China one of their top three investment destinations.Jrg Wuttke,president of the EU Chamber of Commerce in China,said that the choice of EU companie

166、s to invest in China fully reflects their confidence in Chinas open market and that they hope to be a part of Chinas development story.Going forward,China will open even wider to the rest of the world.China will continue to improve its legal system for intellectual property protection and formulate

167、and improve laws and regulations on IP protection in the age of the digital economy.The Foreign Investment Law and its implementation regulations have been adopted,a management system based on a“Growth drivers,Confidence,Opportunities:insights from global financial and economic leaders on Chinas eco

168、nomic growth prospects,”Xinhua News Agency,March 26,2023.-29-pre-establishment national treatment and a negative list has been implemented,and the negative list for foreign investment has been repeatedly shortened.China will continue to pursue high-standard opening up and expand the level of opening

169、 up based on goods and factor flows to institutional opening up in terms of rules,regulations,management,and standards.It will remain committed to economic globalization,promote trade and investment liberalization and facilitation,boost the momentum and vitality of its modernization through opening

170、up,and continue to create new opportunities for the world through its development.5.Accelerating the Development of New Quality Productive Forces To build a modern socialist country in all respects,China must,first and foremost,pursue high-quality development.Cultivating new quality productive force

171、s stands as an intrinsic requirement and an important focus of this endeavor.Primarily driven by innovation,new quality productive forces break free from traditional economic growth modes and productivity development paths,feature high technology,efficiency and quality,and represent an advanced form

172、 of productivity aligned with the new development philosophy.They are shaped by revolutionary technological breakthroughs,innovative allocation of production factors,and profound industrial transformation and upgrading.Improvements to labor forces,means of labor,subjects of labor and their optimal c

173、ombination constitute the fundamental elements,and a significant increase in total factor productivity is the core hallmark.With innovation as the trait and quality as the key,new quality productive forces are advanced productivity in essence.a Accelerating the development of new quality productive

174、forces is a strategic a“Xi Jinping stresses development of new quality productive forces,high-quality development,”Xinhua News Agency,February 1,2024.-30-decision made to seize the commanding heights in a new round of global scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation,open

175、up new areas and new arenas in development,cultivate fresh growth drivers,and build up nascent competitive advantages.1)Scientific and technological innovation is essentialScientific and technological innovation can generate new industries,novel business models and fresh growth drivers,and is essent

176、ial for the development of new quality productive forces.It is thus imperative to boost scientific and technological innovation,particularly original and disruptive innovations,speed up efforts to attain greater self-reliance and strength in science and technology,boost emerging strategic industries

177、,and rigorously grow future industries.According to the Global Innovation Index 2023,a report released by the World Intellectual Property Organization(WIPO),China holds the 12th position and is the sole middle-income economy among the top 30 economies.China also secures three seats in the worlds fiv

178、e biggest science and technology cluster ranking.In 2023,the countrys total research and development expenditure reached 3.3 trillion yuan,or 2.64 percent of its GDPa.The principal role of enterprises in innovation was further reinforced.China boasts approximately 400,000 high-tech enterprises,eight

179、 times of 2012s figure of 49,000.It now leads the world in terms of the number of top 100 global scientific and technological innovation clusters.At the National SuperComputer Center in Tianjin Binhai New Area,a powerful supercomputer is working around the clock.This is Chinas first petaflop superco

180、mputer,which runs as fast as hundreds of thousands of connected laptops running together.a The Statistical Communiqu of the People s Republic of China on the 2023 National Economic and Social Development,the National Bureau of Statistics,February 29,2024.-31-From the release of the first global map

181、of Mars to the development of an exaflop supercomputer,China has continued to step up original and pioneering scientific and technological research,breaking new ground in innovation.In recent years,it has strengthened basic research and original innovation to remove technological bottlenecks,making

182、breakthroughs in some core technologies in key areas.China has made continuous efforts to scale new heights in science and technology,with achievements such as the launch of the Shenzhou spacecraft,the commissioning of the Jiaolong deep-sea manned submersible,the success of the Change lunar probe se

183、ries,the landing of the Tianwen-1 probe on Mars,the deployment of the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System,and the launch of the Mozi quantum science satellite.The modernization of science and technology is key to Chinese modernization.By accelerating the development of new quality productive forces,C

184、hina lays solid material and technological foundations for its modernization and pursuit of high-quality development.2)Talent is the primary resourceTalent is the most active and decisive factor in developing new quality productive forces.In order to meet the requirements for developing new quality

185、productive forces,China is promoting the forming of a virtuous cycle among education,science and technology,and personnel training,enhancing the working mechanisms,intensifying efforts in nurturing talent,and improving incentives in income distribution.These efforts aim to improve the conditions for

186、 nurturing talent,create a favorable atmosphere that champions innovation and allows for failure,and turn the“key variables”of innovators into the“greatest increments”for accelerating the development of new quality productive forces.InQingdao,acoastcityineastChinasShandongProvince,aLiDARcanturn wind

187、 field information within a range of 10,000 meters into visualized data-32-through three-dimensional scanning,which can not only observe wind but also predict it.This technology was developed over 20 years ago at the Qingdao-based OceanUniversityofChina,andhadprovidedmeteorologicalsupportduringtheBe

188、ijingWinterOlympicsandscientificexpeditionstoMountEverest.However,thistechnologywasnotappliedoutsidethelaboratoryinatimelymanner.In recent years,Shandong has optimized the allocation of resource elements,supporting enterprises in collaborating with universities and research institutes toachievebreak

189、throughsintechnologies,providingresearchpersonnelwithmarketing teams,promoting the integration of experimental technological products with application scenarios,introducing angel investments,analyzing and judging research results according to market logic,and promoting the marketapplicationofresearc

190、hresults.Today,thewindLiDARhasempoweredanumberofindustries.Injustfiveyears,theannualoutputofQingdaoLeiceTransientTechnologyCo.,Ltd.,whichfocusesontheresearchanddevelopment,manufacturing,and related technical services of the entire LiDAR system and keyLiDARcomponents,hasexceeded100millionyuan,withana

191、verageannualgrowth rate of 70 percenta.Chinas full-time equivalent of research and development personnel had increased from 3.247 million person-years in 2012 to 6.354 million person-years in2022,rankingfirstintheworld.Theinternationalacademicinfluenceofthecountrystopscientificandtechnologicaltalent

192、continuestoincrease,withthenumber of the worlds highly cited scientists increasing from 111 person-times in 2014 to 1,169 person-times in 2022,ranking second in the worldb.a“A report on Shandongs efforts in accelerating the development of new quality productive forces,”Xinhua News Agency,January 28,

193、2024.b“Chinas full-time equivalent of research and development personnel increases to 6.354 million,”Xinhua News Agency,December 15,2023.-33-3)Developing new quality productive forces based on local conditionsChinaisalargecountrywithabigpopulation,withresourceendowmentsanddevelopmentlevelsvaryingsig

194、nificantlyindifferentpartsofthecountry.Thedevelopment of new quality productive forces in China does not mean neglecting orabandoningtraditionalindustries.Instead,itmeansdevelopmentbasedonlocalconditions,selectivelypromotingthedevelopmentofnewindustries,newbusiness models,and new growth drivers,usin

195、g new technologies to transform andupgradetraditionalindustries,andmakingindustrieshigher-end,smarter,and more eco-friendly.Mechanical arms move in an orderly manner in the air,cutting edges,conductingqualityinspection,labeling.Intherareearthsteelcold-rolledsheetfactoryofBaogangGroup,nobodyisworking

196、there.However,alltheequipmentisworking,revealinganautomated,smart,andinformationizedfactory.Facingthesignificantdownwardpressureonthesteelindustryinrecentyears,theGroup,with the support of local policies and its own comprehensive transformation,has not only turned losses into profits but also found

197、a new opportunity for transformation by leveraging the rapid development of new energy.Toacceleratethedevelopmentofnewqualityproductiveforces,southwesternChinasGuizhouProvinceisactivelypromotingtheopeningofvariousindustries application scenarios to Huawei Cloud.Currently,it has selected eight major

198、industries of liquor,coal mining,chemical industry,non-ferrous metals,electricity,new materials,steel,building materials,as well as four areas ofurbansmartupgrading,ruraldigitalization,tourismscenarioinnovation,andgovernment convenience services.The province is deepening the application of Huawei Cl

199、oud Pangu large models in key industry scenarios.6.Advancing Chinese Modernization as a Systematic EndeavorChinese modernization is an all-embracing modernization that covers all areas,including the economy,politics,culture,society,and ecological-34-conservation.This endeavor is a multi-dimensional

200、one,involving reform,development,and stability,the governance of the Party,the country,and the military,domestic and foreign affairs,and national defense.It is a process of transformation that will lead to the advancement of society as a whole.Accordingly,the pursuit of Chinese modernization calls f

201、or making efforts across many sectors,links,and levels.We must take into account all factors,plan systematically,and advance Chinese modernization as a whole.1)Making systematic plans to advance Chinese modernizationAdvancing Chinese modernization means achieving a broad and profound social transfor

202、mation.In this endeavor,a single move may affect everything.Therefore,it is necessary to make systematic plans at the macro level.In the report to the 20th CPC National Congress,a top-level and strategic decision was made to pursue Chinese modernization as the Partys central task on the new journey

203、in this new era.Strategic plans were made for building China into a great modern socialist country in all respects,and clear goals for each stage,as well as a timetable and roadmap for achieving these goals,were set.The report also laid out systematic and well-considered plans to advance work in 12

204、areas,including speeding up the creation of a new development pattern,implementing the strategy for invigorating China through science and education,advancing whole-process peoples democracy,exercising law-based governance on all fronts,and modernizing Chinas national security system and capacity.Ad

205、vancing Chinese modernization is a pioneering cause that has never been attempted before.Many of our tasks have no precedent to follow,many unknown areas need to be explored,and many undertakings require progress through exploration,growth through practice,and advancement through innovation.In advan

206、cing this cause,the CPC has paid particular attention to both top-level design and practical exploration.It works to see that top-level design plays the leading,planning,and guidance roles.At the same time,the CPC has been constantly freeing its mind and making bold explorations,“crossing the river

207、by-35-feeling for the stone.”It supports and encourages trials and pilot programs on the ground,such as making Shanghai Pudong New Area a pacesetter of socialist modernization,building a demonstration zone for realizing common prosperity through high-quality development in Zhejiang Province,and esta

208、blishing national pilot zones in Fujian,Jiangxi,Guizhou,and Hainan provinces for ecological conservation.Both top-level design and practical exploration have ensured sustained and steady progress in advancing Chinese modernization.2)Taking into account all factors to advance Chinese modernizationAdv

209、ancing Chinese modernization is a complex and challenging task,and it requires a systematic and holistic approach.Therefore,it has been important to take into account all factors and properly handle the following major relationships.Enhancing efficiency while promoting fairness.In pursuing moderniza

210、tion,China has continued to boost its economic strength and unleash social dynamism,thus achieving a higher degree of efficiency than the capitalist system and creating miraculous economic growth.At the same time,it has upheld social fairness,applied a people-centered development philosophy,paid spe

211、cial attention to promoting prosperity for all,and achieved coordinated regional and urban-rural development to ensure that everyone has the opportunity to participate in the modernization process and enjoy its benefits.Advancing reform and development while ensuring stability.In pursuing modernizat

212、ion,China has energized its development and deepened reform on all fronts to address issues of interests that concern the people most.It has endeavored to develop whole-process peoples democracy,built extensive consensus in society,developed new approaches to improve social governance at the communi

213、ty level,and fully motivated its people and released their creativity.At the same time,China has maintained social order and stability.In determining the intensity of reform and the pace of development,it has taken into account the level of public acceptance of change,and it has maintained both the

214、energized-36-development and order and stability,thereby creating a miracle of sustained social stability.Promoting development while ensuring security.China has always proactively pursued modernization.It has seized major historical and strategic opportunities to accede into the WTO,integrate itsel

215、f into economic globalization,and actively unleash a new wave of scientific and technological revolutions and industrial transformations.At the same time,it has continued to guard against and mitigate major risks,improve its national security system,and ensure the security of major industrial and su

216、pply chains.China has remained on guard against various“black swan”and“gray rhino”events that could occur at any time.3)Advancing Chinese modernization as a wholeChinese modernization is an all-embracing modernization that encompasses the economic,political,cultural,social,and ecological spheres.The

217、se five spheres are not unrelated;rather,they form an organic whole in which they complement each other and are highly connected.We should not expect that a breakthrough in any one sphere will bring us modernization.Only by advancing them all together can we move forward.Modernization within each of

218、 the individual spheres also needs to be advanced in a holistic way.Why has China,in its pursuit of modernization,completed in several decades the process of industrialization that took developed countries more than 200 years to complete?The reason is that it has taken a development path different f

219、rom that taken by the developed countries of the West.Western countries have pursued development in the order of industrialization,urbanization,agricultural modernization,and then informatization,one at a time.China,on the other hand,has pursued industrialization,informatization,urbanization,and agr

220、icultural modernization all at the same time.Of course,we need to look farther and adopt a broad perspective as we-37-make advances on multiple fronts.This approach does not seek uniformity in advancement,but rather gradual,step-by-step progress on the basis of various conditions.It seeks both overa

221、ll progress and breakthroughs in key areas,with overall progress as the ultimate goal.Advancing Chinese modernization is a historical process that requires the unremitting efforts of one generation after another.Take,for instance,Chinas reform and opening up.Chinas reform began in rural areas before

222、 moving to cities,and it was first carried out in the economic sector and then extended to other fields.Chinas opening up began in the south,particularly in the southeastern coastal areas,and it gradually expanded to cover the north,and the central and western inland regions.This opening up was grad

223、ually expanded in terms of direction,level,and area.Over 40 years later,Chinas reform and opening up has continued to unfold in both breadth and depth.This represents the overall progress of Chinese modernization.Advancing Chinese modernization is an arduous,complex,and challenging endeavor,and vari

224、ous difficulties,both foreseeable and unforeseeable,are bound to arise.Keenly aware of this,the CPC has always taken a systematic approach,with the understanding that all things are interconnected,part of a complete system,and constantly evolving.Taking this approach,it endeavors to properly manage

225、the relationships between the whole and the parts,the immediate and the long-term,the macro and the micro,the primary and the secondary,and the particular and the general.The CPC has also steadily improved its ability to think dialectically,to deal with worst-case scenarios,and to conduct governance

226、 and leadership.All of this has provided continued impetus for advancing Chinese modernization in a systematic way.-38-Chapter Three Defining Features of the Chinese ModernizationFor any country to achieve modernization,it needs not only to follow the general laws governing the process,but more impo

227、rtantly consider its own national conditions and unique features.Chinese modernization contains elements that are common to the modernization processes of all countries,but it is more characterized by features that are unique to the Chinese context.aXi JinpingModernization is a comprehensive concept

228、 that is compatible with the mode of industrialized production and includes marketization,democratization,a“Xi Jinping addresses the opening of a study session at the Party school of the CPC Central Committee,”Xinhua News Agency,February 7,2023.-39-legalization,urbanization and other elements.Since

229、the industrial revolution,in the pursuit of modernization,all countries have common characteristics in the transition from tradition to modernity.In the meantime,they also have their own distinctive features.It has been shown that the path to modernization a country chooses is determined by many fac

230、tors,such as its historical traditions,social system,development conditions,and external environment.Taking its national conditions into consideration,China has pioneered a new path toward modernization with its characteristics and made successive remarkable achievements that have attracted world at

231、tention,displaying unique features of Chinese modernization to the world.1.Modernization of a Large PopulationAn enormous population and large development disparities between urban and rural areas and among different regions have long been a reality for China.China is working to achieve modernizatio

232、n for more than 1.4 billion people,a number larger than the combined population of all developed countries in the world today.Chinese modernization will be unprecedented in history in terms of its scale,the number of people that benefit from it,and the formidable challenges along the way.1)The great

233、est modernization benefiting the largest populationChina,a large developing country,has a population that outnumbers the combined populations of all developed countries.Therefore,Chinese modernization is the modernization of huge population.In comparison,Britain had a population of less than six mil

234、lion at the outset of the First Industrial Revolution.The American population was close to 80 million during the Second Industrial Revolution.By 2019,the total population of countries and regions that have achieved modernization worldwide has not exceeded one billion.With-40-such a large population,

235、as China develops into a modern country,the worlds landscape of modernization will be completely changed.Hence,Xi Jinping pointed out that Chinese modernization is the most difficult and the greatest.aSince the CPCs 18th National Congress,the Party has undertaken the most extensive and aggressive an

236、ti-poverty campaign in the history of humanity.With this,the CPC has turned China into a prosperous society in all respects,benefiting the largest population in the history of human development.Chinese modernization not only expands the avenue toward modernization for developing countries,but also o

237、ffers Chinese insight and solutions to problems facing humanity.Martin Jacques,a British scholar and a visiting researcher at the Institute of International Relations of Tsinghua University noted that,“Its(Chinas)demographic size,its sense of independence and identity,its rich historical inheritance

238、,and a remarkable political leadership enable it to achieve Chinese path to modernization.”He said,“We now find ourselves at a great historical juncture.Now modernization is no longer for a tiny sliver of humanity but is increasingly accessible to the great majority.While the Age of the West was the

239、 Age of the Small Minority,the Age of China will be the Age of the Great Majority.”b 2)Abundant human resources and super-large market scale creating development potentialSince the policy of reform and opening up was introduced in 1978,plenty of rural surplus labor was transferred from the agricultu

240、ral sector to non-agricultural sectors,in particular to manufacturing,yielding remarkable a“Strive in unity to build a modern socialist country in all respects:on the successful conclusion of the 20th CPC National Congress,”Xinhua News Agency,October 23,2022.b“Chinese modernization leads to Age of G

241、reat Majority:Martin Jacques,”Global Times,May 12,2023,https:/ dividends,”and promoting the relocation of resources between rural and urban areas,as well as among different regions and industries.Over the past decade,while speeding up the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing sector,Chin

242、a has energetically developed new forms of business,such as the cyber economy and platform economy,and witnessed a significant influx of young workers into tertiary industries.By the end of 2022,China had a labor force of nearly 900 million.In recent years,an average of over 12 million urban jobs ha

243、s been created annually.a Since the 18th CPC National Congress,China has adopted an employment-first policy and eliminated unjustified restrictions and discrimination that undermine equal employment,ensuring everyone has the opportunity to pursue a career through hard work.The average per capita dis

244、posable income in China increased from 18,311 yuan in 2013 to 39,218 yuan in 2023,driving an upswing in consumption.A large body of consumers,coupled with their strong purchasing power,continue to promote the transformation and upgrading of consumption patterns,giving shape to an enormous,unified ma

245、rket and propelling the remarkable development of infrastructure,transportation,and the information and service industries.In the pursuit of Chinese modernization,the abundance of human resources and the vast market serve as invaluable assets,fueling powerful momentum for high-quality development.Me

246、ituan,a Chinese network technology retail company,has provided a model for solving Chinas employment challenges arising from its large population.This company now provides a wide range of over 200 types of consumer services,including take-out,catering,hotel accommodation,and travel,serving over 9.3

247、million businesses and 680 million customers at home while attracting a significant number of employees.This enterprise boasts an a“With over 12 mln urban jobs to be created,how to stabilize the employment market in 2024?”,Xinhua News Agenct,March 5,2024.-42-astonishing fleet of delivery workers,In

248、2022,over 6.24 million delivery workers earned income through Meituans platforms,and the daily count of active delivery workers surpassed 1 million.From 2018 to 2023,the number of delivery workers registered on the platform and come from key counties receiving government assistance for rural revital

249、ization increased from 120,000 to 395,000,covering all 160 such counties in China.China boasts a mass of Internet companies and renowned e-commerce platforms,such as Taobao,JD.com,Pinduoduo,Dianping,and Ctrip,in addition to Meituan.They not only make up a gigantic online market but also take in a su

250、bstantial workforce.3)An urbanization process of the largest scale and fastest pace in world historyCities play important roles in modernization.Prior to the introduction of the reform and opening up policy,the urban population in China made up less than 18 percent.Since then,China has initiated an

251、urbanization process of the largest scale and fastest pace in world history.Now,in many regions in east China,such as Shanghai,Guangdong,Jiangsu,and Zhejiang,the urban and rural areas have been integrated.Thanks to the persistent implementation of large-scale development policy and the stimulation e

252、ffects of major cities such as Chongqing,Chengdu,and Xian,the western region has witnessed thriving city clusters,accelerated urban-rural integration,and a narrowing urban-rural gap.Statistics show that the share of permanent urban residents in the total population reached 66.16 percent in 2023.a In

253、 accordance with the 14th Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development(20212025)promulgated in 2022,China will adhere to the path of new urbanization with Chinese characteristics,advance people-centered new urbanization,and leverage the role of city clusters and metropolitan a National Bureau

254、of Statistics:“Statistical Communique of the People s Republic of China on the 2023 National Economic and Social Development,”February 29,2024.-43-areas to promote the coordinated development of cities of different sizes and small towns with their own distinctive features,thus enabling more people t

255、o enjoy higher-quality urban life.With upgraded rural infrastructure and the implementation of urban-rural integration policies,many rural areas in China are no longer associated with outdated productivity.Instead,they have become new stages for urban talent to pursue entrepreneurship and carry out

256、innovation activities,and the land of happiness that they admire.The human resources,capital,technology from cities combined with the strength of land and labor in rural areas inject fresh elements and vitality into the traditional agricultural sector during its transformation.This synergy not only

257、meets the evolving demands of cities and urban residents,but also paves the way for the creation of innovative agricultural industries.4)Addressing diverse and intricate needs of a vast population When a minor problem is magnified within the context of Chinas massive population of over 1.4 billion p

258、eople,it undoubtedly escalates into a major challenge.With Chinas large population comes diverse interest demands of different regions,sectors,and social groups.The large population also gave rise to immense essential requirement of ensuring the peoples wellbeing,including basic needs such as food,h

259、ealthcare,education,elderly care,and law and order.These pose significant challenges to the advancement of Chinese modernization.In improving peoples living standards,China gives top priority to solving the pressing difficulties and problems that concern people the most.China has remained patient in

260、 advancing the course of history,taken steady and incremental steps to sustain progress,and turned the challenge posed by a large population into an advantage in scale for the modernization drive.As a populous country with limited farmland,China always places food security above all.In recent years,

261、it has taken strict and standardized measures to offset cultivated land used for other purposes and made steady and orderly efforts to maintain the total area of arable land,in order to ensure the area of farmland-44-remains above the red line of 1.8 billion mu(120 million hectares),giving the Chine

262、se people a secure food supply.Up until now,China has developed 1 billion mu of high-standard cropland.We have achieved grain harvests for 20 years on end and seen grain output stay above 650 million tonnes for nine consecutive years.China boasts a self-sufficiency rate of above 100 percent for stap

263、le food.Moreover,the country boasts an average annual per capita grain supply of 490 kilograms,surpassing the globally recognized safety threshold of 400 kilograms.aIn terms of ensuring personal safety,China has been regarded as one of the safest countries in the world.The Chinese government has con

264、sistently emphasized the comprehensive maintenance of law and order,implementing robust measures to combat organized crime.As a result,there has been a continuous yearly decline in the number of major criminal cases,public security cases,and total criminal cases.As evening falls,urban residents can

265、joyfully engage in leisurely strolls,exercise,and recreational activities in the streets,alleys and parks.On Chinas video-sharing platform Bilibili,a young foreigner said,“People often overlook the good parts of China,because they neither show tolerance to China nor would like to go there themselves

266、.Safety is one of the good parts of the country.”2.Modernization for the Common Prosperity of AllAchieving common prosperity is a defining feature of socialism with Chinese characteristics and an abiding goal of the Chinese Communists.Chinese modernization aims to ensure that the gains of modernizat

267、ion benefit all people fairly,and constantly satisfy the peoples ever-growing needs for a better life.By promoting common prosperity and preventing polarization,Chinas goal is a National Bureau of Statistics:“Statistical Communique of the People s Republic of China on the 2023 National Economic and

268、Social Development,February 29,2024.-45-to foster a harmonious and stable society while maintaining steady economic development.1)“On the road to common prosperity,no one will be left behind”Looking back on the history of Chinese civilization spanning over 5,000 years,one can observe that the ideal

269、of pursuing common prosperity has been deeply ingrained in Chinas fine traditional culture.Laozi stated,“Diminish where there is superabundance and supplement where there is deficiency.”Confucius said,“Fear not scarcity but inequality.”Guan Zhong mentioned that,“The key to running a country is to fi

270、rst enrich its people.”A society of“universal harmony”was an ideal illustrated in The Book of Rites.Carrying forward Chinas fine traditional culture,the CPC makes achieving common prosperity for all one of its major goals.The Party remains committed to the mission that development is for the people

271、and by the people,and that its fruits are shared by the people.Mao Zedong said,“Our prosperity is common prosperity,and our strength is shared by all.Everyone has a part to play in this.”Deng Xiaoping emphasized,“Some people and some regions should be allowed to prosper before others,always with the

272、 goal of common prosperity.”Xi Jinping stated,“The common prosperity that we pursue,both material and cultural,is for all of our people;It is not for a small minority,nor does it imply an absolute equality in income distribution that takes no account of contribution.”As a party that emerges from and

273、 represents the people,the CPC has dedicated itself to serving the people.Thus,the pursuit of common prosperity for all stands as its long-term aspiration and committed action.China has finally resolved the problem of absolute poverty,achieved moderate prosperity in all respects,and consistently ele

274、vated the quality of life for its people through its ongoing pursuit of modernization.Presently,with a middle-income group exceeding 400 million people and per capita disposable income surpassing 39,000 yuan,China has achieved a historic leap from a low-income country to an upper-middle-income count

275、ry.-46-By conducting a trial and presenting a set of data,China vividly exemplifies its approach to achieving common prosperity.As Zhejiang Province strives to become a model of common prosperity through high-quality development,the per capita disposable income of local residents reached 63,800 yuan

276、a in 2023,while the ratio of urban income to rural income lowered from 2.37:1 in 2012 to 1.86:1 in 2023.2)Weaving the worlds largest social security netPeoples wellbeing is an important indicator and basic component of common prosperity.To achieve modernization,China does everything within its capac

277、ity to direct more support,in terms of employment,education,social security,and medical care,toward rural areas,local communities,and underdeveloped regions,as well as helping people living in difficulty,making sure social security programs can meet the peoples basic needs.China now has established

278、the worlds largest networks for education,social security,and healthcare.According to statistics,in 2023,the retention rate of nine-year compulsory education and the gross enrollment ratio for senior secondary education reached 95.7%and 91.8%respectively.Basic old-age insurance covered nearly 1.1 bi

279、llion people,more than 1.3 billion people were enrolled in the basic medical insurance scheme,and 44 million were included in the subsistence allowance and extreme poverty relief scope.There were 1.07 million healthcare institutions across the country in 2023,offering 9.56 billionb diagnosis and tre

280、atment services per year.In recent years,in an effort to reduce regional disparities,the central a Zhejiang Provincial Bureau of Statistics:Statistical communiqu on peoples livelihood of Zhejiang Province in 2023,March 4,2024.b National Bureau of Statistics:“Statistical Communique of the Peoples Rep

281、ublic of China on the 2023 National Economic and Social Development,”February 29,2024.-47-government of China has consistently increased transfer payments to local governments,prioritizing underdeveloped areas and areas in need,particularly to cover expenditures on education,medical care,and other s

282、ectors,which aim to ensure inclusive public services,meet peoples essential needs,and guarantee basic living standards for those facing difficulties.In 2023,the transfer payments from the central government to local governments reached 10.29 trillion yuan,marking the highest amount spent in recent y

283、earsa.3)Making the“cake”bigger and sharing it fairlyIn the pursuit of Chinese modernization,achieving common prosperity is not an empty political slogan.Rather,it represents a great social reform effort that engages all people striving together under the leadership of the Party.Through the synergy b

284、etween an efficient market and a well-functioning government,the Chinese people work together to make a bigger“cake”and share it fairly through well-designed institutional arrangements.The system of income distribution is the foundational system for promoting common prosperity.China emphasizes both

285、efficiency and fairness by establishing an institutional framework under which primary,secondary,and tertiary distribution is well coordinated and mutually complementary.By giving more weight to work remuneration in primary distribution,China has seen personal income essentially growing in step with

286、 economic growth,as well as pay rises growing in tandem with increases in productivity.Local governments continue to raise minimum wages in light of local conditions so as to increase the remuneration of workers,in particular those working at the primary level.China improves the policy system for di

287、stribution based on factors of production,explores multiple avenues to increase rural incomes,and guarantees the full a Ministry of Finance:“Report on the Implementation of Chinas Fiscal Policy in 2023,”March 7,2024.-48-payment of wages for rural migrant workers.China continues to improve the second

288、ary distribution mechanism,making policy adjustments more intensive and targeted.The individual income tax threshold has been raised from 800 yuan at the outset of the reform and opening up initiative to 5,000 yuan now,and certain expenses,such as childrens education,treatment for serious diseases,m

289、ortgage interest,and rent,have been included as special deductions for individual income tax,allowing everyone to save more.China also attaches importance to the role of tertiary distribution,by promoting charity programs and encouraging businessmen to actively participate in or launch public welfar

290、e and charitable initiatives,so as to ensure the well-to-do shoulder due responsibilities,and show integrity and compassion.As a long-range objective,the pursuit of common prosperity will be incorporated into the overall process of Chinas modernization drive and cannot be accomplished overnight.It i

291、s Chinas belief that as long as we continue to promote high-quality development,earnestly address imbalances and inadequacies in development,constantly narrow gaps between urban and rural areas and among regions,and enable everyone to share in the fruits of development,common prosperity for all can

292、be achieved.3.Modernization of Material and Cultural-ethical AdvancementChinese modernization aims at both material abundance and cultural-ethical enrichment,allowing both of them to coordinate with and stimulate each other.No country or nation can stand firm in the world if it fails to guide its pe

293、ople with advanced culture,enrich their intellectual lives,and build up its cultural strength.1)Flourishing cultural programs and industriesIn advancing Chinese modernization,great importance is attached to improving the modern public cultural services system,launching new public-49-benefit cultural

294、 programs,expanding the coverage of public cultural services and making them more adaptable to peoples needs,and protecting the peoples basic cultural rights and interests.China has continually enriched peoples cultural lives through the promotion of excellent films,TV programs,dramas,radio plays,an

295、d books.Across the country,public museums,libraries,galleries,and cultural centers are opened to the public free of charge,and a national strategy has been formed to foster a love for reading among the people.China has a total of more than 3,300 public librariesa,more than 100,000 brick-and-mortar b

296、ookstores,and 587,000 rural libraries.These have helped facilitate peoples love for reading and foster a culture of civility in China.2)Enhancing civility throughout societyCore values are a bond linking a nation and common moral foundation of a country.Chinese modernization aims to promote core soc

297、ialist values of prosperity,democracy,civility,harmony,freedom,equality,justice,the rule of law,patriotism,dedication,integrity,and kindness,values which will solidify an intellectual foundation for all Chinese people to strive in unity,foster a pioneering spirit,and cultivate healthy and positive v

298、alues.China has worked to foster virtue by example.The country has established a sound system of Party and state awards and honors to promote individuals who exemplify core socialist values for others to follow.In recent years,a number of people were awarded honorary titles of role models of the tim

299、e,national moral paragons,integrity stars,and outstanding youths in the new era in China.The noble character of these excellent individuals has illuminated society and will inspire generations of Chinese people to strive for excellence and cultivate fine virtues.Inspired by these shining examples,ac

300、ts of kindness,like rising to the a National Bureau of Statistics:“Statistical Communiqu of the Peoples Republic of China on the 2023 National Economic and Social Development,”February 29,2024.-50-occasion during emergencies,returning lost money,showing respect to the elderly and affection to the yo

301、ung,and lending a helping hand to those in need,have become increasingly common and frequent in Chinese society.All these contribute to the cultivation of a proper worldview,a positive outlook on life,and a strong sense of values.China has worked to educate people through excellent cultural works.Wh

302、ile pursuing Chinese modernization,the country places emphasis on nourishing the roots and forging the soul of our nation with advanced socialist culture,revolutionary culture,and fine traditional Chinese culture,all the while promoting socialist cultural-ethical progress through the creative transf

303、ormation and innovative development of traditional Chinese culture.In recent years,we have carried out the Chinese Civilization Origins Project and the Chinese Cultural Resource Survey Project.A large number of innovative works have been created,such as the dance show“Night Banquet in Tang Dynasty P

304、alace”and the TV show“China in the Classics,”sparking widespread enthusiasm toward traditional Chinese culture.China has become the worlds largest producer of books,TV plays,and animations.Chinas film market consistently sets new records,boasting the largest number of screens and leading box office

305、revenues globally,presenting a number of major works such as Making a New China,The Battle at Lake Changjin,and The Age of Awakening.China has made remarkable strides in cultural progress,overcoming plateaus to reach new peaks.China has emphasized institution building in the process of cultural adva

306、ncement.In the pursuit of Chinese modernization,the country has established a framework to raise cultural-ethical standards through“Cities,Towns,Villages,Organizations,Families,and Schools of Civility.”We have built centers for promoting ethical and cultural advancement in the new era,launched initi

307、atives to raise the publics cultural-ethical standards,and worked to see that all areas of social development are imbued with core socialist values and that they become part of peoples thinking and behavior.Volunteer service is an important indicator of social progress.Over the past decade,the numbe

308、r of registered-51-volunteers in China increased from 2.92 million in 2012 to 232 milliona in 2023,and community volunteer services amounted to 1.57 billion hours in duration from 2022 to 2023.In Hengyang,Hunan Province,there are nearly 1.5 million registered volunteers,about one fifth of the citys

309、total population.They just show up where there is a need,demonstrating the vitality of Chinese volunteer services.When the people have ideals,their country will have strength,and their nation will have a bright future.The fundamental reason why China can overcome challenges and achieve continuous an

310、d steady progress in its modernization endeavors is that the CPC has united and led all Chinese people to move forward with the utmost synergy and unity.3)Improving Chinas cultural soft powerIn pursuing Chinese modernization,we draw on the outstanding achievements of human civilization and apply the

311、m in innovative ways.We have integrated the basic tenets of Marxism with Chinas specific realities and fine traditional culture.We encourage the creative transformation and innovative development of traditional culture as we strive to develop advanced socialist culture.The comprehensive advancement

312、of our society is a testament to the systemic and coordinated nature of Chinese modernization.China has always emphasized the protection and preservation of cultural heritage,diligently organizing archeological excavations and documenting and interpreting their findings,to unleash all aspects of the

313、 value of our culture and cultural heritage.TV programs such as“The Nations Greatest Treasure”and“Chinese Archaeology Assembly”have received high viewership ratings a National Institute of Social Development,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,and the Research Center of Chinas Volunteer Services:“Blu

314、e Paper on Volunteer Services:Report on the Development of Chinas Volunteer Services(2022-2023).”-52-and sparked widespread discussion among the public,inspiring the peoples confidence in our culture.We strive to develop a framework for the disciplines,academia,and discourse in philosophy and the so

315、cial sciences with distinctive Chinese quality,style,and ethos.Based on the lives of ordinary people,Chinese artists have created a large number of excellent works that reflect contemporary Chinese peoples work and life.Some of them are even popular overseas.4.Modernization of Harmony Between Humani

316、ty and NatureChinese modernization epitomizes green development.China is committed to sustainable development and coordinated economic,social,and ecological advancement.Acting on the principles of prioritizing resource conservation and environmental protection and letting nature restore itself,we pu

317、rsue a model of sound development featuring improved production,higher living standards,and healthy ecosystems to ensure the sustainable development of the Chinese nation.History and todays reality have repeatedly shown that nature provides the basic conditions for human survival and development;onl

318、y by observing the laws of nature can humankind avoid costly blunders arising from its exploitation.In pursuing Chinese modernization,we must respect,adapt to,and protect nature.We must act on the principle that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets and maintain harmony between human

319、ity and nature.1)”Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets.”This is an important concept for development and a major principle for advancing Chinese modernization.It reveals the truth that to protect the environment is to protect the productive forces,and to improve the environment is t

320、o boost the productive forces.A healthy environment represents the most equitable public good and the universal wellbeing for everyone.This has become the widely embraced consensus and incentive for conscious action throughout Chinese society.-53-Focusing on solving the major environmental problems

321、harming peoples health,the Chinese government has made greater efforts to keep skies blue,waters clear,and lands clean in recent years.Local governments along the Yangtze River work together to promote well-coordinated environmental conservation while avoiding excessive development in the Yangtze Ri

322、ver basin.The water quality of the river mainstream has remained stable at Grade II for recent years.This environmental protection endeavor covers 11 provincial-level regions in China,benefiting over 40%of the Chinese population.China has drawn redlines for the protection of ecologically significant

323、 or vulnerable areas,as well as regions with substantial ecological potential,in order to protect vital ecological spaces.Over 30%of Chinas total land has been designated under ecological conservation redlines.The ratio of days with good to excellent air quality in cities at and above prefecture lev

324、el was 86.8%,and the days with heavy pollution decreased to 1.1%in 2023.China has become the country with the fastest rate of improvement in air quality in the world.Guangyang Island in Chongqing is the largest island in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River.After putting an end to real estate deve

325、lopment and implementing ecological restoration in adherence to the principle of promoting well-coordinated environmental conservation and avoiding excessive development,it is now adorned with lush greenery,delightful birdsong,and babbling streams,becoming a popular ecotourism destination along the

326、Yangtze River.2)Taking a holistic and systematic approach to the conservation and improvement of mountains,waters,forests,farmlands,grasslands,and desertsChina is committed to green development.We have designated redlines for ecological conservation,set benchmarks for environmental quality,and impos

327、ed caps on resource utilization,all of which are being strictly observed.China is developing a system of protected areas with national parks as the mainstay,supported by nature reserves,and supplemented by nature parks,in-54-an effort to strengthen biodiversity conservation.The first five national p

328、arks,Sanjiangyuan National Park,Wuyi Mountain National Park,Giant Panda National Park,Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park,and Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park,as well as nearly 10,000 protected areas of various types at different levels have already been established.This new syst

329、em of protected areas has provided effective protection for 90%of terrestrial ecosystem types,65%of higher plant communities,and 74%of key state-protected wildlife species.It has also contributed to the increase in population numbers of over 300 rare endangered species of wild fauna and flora.The Di

330、anchi Lake in Yunnan,with a drainage area of 2,920 square kilometers,is the largest lake in Southwestern Chinaa.After persistent and dedicated input and efforts in environmental governance over decades,its water quality has improved from lower than Grade V to Grade IV,with some areas even reaching G

331、rade III.3)Developing an eco-friendly growth model and way of lifeWith concerted efforts to cut carbon emissions,reduce pollution,expand green development,and pursue economic growth,China is exploring a new approach to modernization characterized by harmony between humanity and nature,which prioriti

332、zes ecological protection,efficient and intensive use of resources,and green and low-carbon development.China is changing rapidly every day.To make way for an ecological corridor along the Erhai Lake in Dali,Yunnan Province,various lakeside inns and bed and breakfast have been demolished.The once du

333、sty mining areas in Anshan City,a Kunming municipal water supply bureau:Reply to the No.141370 suggestion proposed at the first session of the 14th Kunming Municipal Committee of the Chinese Peoples Political Consultative Conference,May 30,2022 https:/ Province,have transformed into green ecological gardens.A group of comparison satellite photos capturing the changes in China drew widespread atten