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1、 FOR RELEASE MAY 21,2025 BY Chip Rotolo FOR MEDIA OR OTHER INQUIRIES:Chip Rotolo,Research Associate Hannah Taber,Communications Manager 202.419.4372 www.pewresearch.org RECOMMENDED CITATION Pew Research Center,May,2025,“30%of Americans Consult Astrology,Tarot Cards or Fortune Tellers”1 PEW RESEARCH

2、CENTER www.pewresearch.org About Pew Research Center Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan,nonadvocacy fact tank that informs the public about the issues,attitudes and trends shaping the world.It does not take policy positions.The Center conducts public opinion polling,demographic research,computatio

3、nal social science research and other data-driven research.It studies politics and policy;news habits and media;the internet and technology;religion;race and ethnicity;international affairs;social,demographic and economic trends;science;research methodology and data science;and immigration and migra

4、tion.Pew Research Center is a subsidiary of The Pew Charitable Trusts,its primary funder.Pew Research Center 2025 2 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org How we did this Pew Research Center conducted this study to gauge Americans experiences with astrology,tarot cards and fortune tellers,and the r

5、ole they play in peoples lives.For this analysis,we surveyed 9,593 U.S.adults from Oct.21 to 27,2024.Everyone who took part in this survey is a member of the Centers American Trends Panel(ATP),a group of people recruited through national,random sampling of residential addresses who have agreed to ta

6、ke surveys regularly.This kind of recruitment gives nearly all U.S.adults a chance of selection.Surveys were conducted either online or by telephone with a live interviewer.The survey is weighted to be representative of the U.S.adult population by gender,race,ethnicity,partisan affiliation,education

7、 and other categories.Read more about the ATPs methodology.Here are the questions used for this report,the topline and the survey methodology.3 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org Table of contents About Pew Research Center 1 How we did this 2 Table of contents 3 Overview 4 Belief in astrology 7

8、 Consulting astrology or horoscopes,tarot cards,and fortune tellers 9 Engaging in these practices for fun versus for insight 12 Acknowledgments 16 Methodology 18 Topline 27 4 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org Over the past decade,media reports have described rising popular interest in New Age

9、practices such as astrology,tarot card reading and fortune-telling.These practices are frequently associated with young people,and they have developed their own social media cultures on TikTok and other platforms,especially during the period of social distancing brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic.S

10、o,how popular are these practices,and why do Americans engage in them?A fall 2024 Pew Research Center survey finds that 30%of U.S.adults say they consult astrology(or a horoscope),tarot cards or a fortune teller at least once a year,but most do so just for fun,and few Americans say they make major d

11、ecisions based on what they learn along the way.Here are other key takeaways from the nationally representative survey of 9,593 U.S.adults.Despite recent attention to astrology,the number of Americans who believe in astrology doesnt appear to have changed very much in recent years.On the new survey,

12、27%of U.S.adults say they“believe in astrology(the position of the stars and planets can affect peoples lives).”That is not significantly different from what we found when we asked an identical question in 2017(29%).And,although the results of earlier surveys may not be directly 5%of Americans consu

13、lt astrology on a weekly basis%of U.S.adults who do each of the following Note:Those who did not answer are not shown.Figures may not add to subtotals indicated due to rounding.Source:Survey of U.S.adults conducted Oct.21-27,2024.“30%of Americans Consult Astrology,Tarot Cards or Fortune Tellers”PEW

14、RESEARCH CENTER 5 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org comparable because of differences in methodology,Gallup polls from 1990 to 2005 consistently found that between 23%and 28%of Americans believed in astrology.1 On most questions we asked about these practices,there are big differences by age a

15、nd gender.Younger adults and especially younger women are more likely to believe in astrology and to consult astrology or horoscopes.For example,43%of women ages 18 to 49 say they believe in astrology.That compares with 27%of women ages 50 and older,20%of men ages 18 to 49,and 16%of men who are 50 a

16、nd older.Americans who identify as lesbian,gay,bisexual or transgender(LGBT)are especially likely to consult astrology or a horoscope,and tarot cards.2 About half of LGBT Americans(54%)consult astrology or a horoscope at least yearly roughly twice the share among U.S.adults overall(28%).And LGBT wom

17、en are more likely than LGBT men to consult astrology at least yearly(63%vs.40%).In addition,33%of LGBT adults say they consult tarot cards making them three times as likely as U.S.adults overall to say this(11%).And 21%of LGBT Americans say that when they make major life decisions,they rely at leas

18、t a little on what theyve learned from astrology or a horoscope,tarot cards,or a fortune teller.While there is limited academic research on the topic,media publications focused on LGBTQ+issues have described the prevalence of New Age practices in the LGBTQ+community.Yet,most Americans who engage in

19、astrology,tarot cards or fortune-telling say they do it for fun,rather than for insights or guidance on life decisions.Overall,20%of U.S.adults 1 Pew Research Center has previously asked some other questions about topics covered in this report,though question wording has varied.Recently,in a 2024 su

20、rvey of three dozen countries,9%of U.S.adults said they consult a fortune teller,horoscope or other way to see the future.The current survey does not specifically define astrology,horoscopes,tarot cards or fortune-telling as ways to see the future.2 Respondents who did not answer the question about

21、sexual orientation,or selected the“Dont know”or“Something else”response options,are not included in the lesbian,gay,bisexual or transgender(LGBT)or non-LGBT categories.43%of women under 50 believe in astrology%who believe in astrology(the position of the stars and planets can affect peoples lives)So

22、urce:Survey of U.S.adults conducted Oct.21-27,2024.“30%of Americans Consult Astrology,Tarot Cards or Fortune Tellers”PEW RESEARCH CENTER 6 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org say they engage in at least one of these activities mostly“just for fun,”while 10%say they do them mostly because they“be

23、lieve the practices give them helpful insights.”Relatively few Americans make major life decisions based on what they learn from astrology,tarot cards or fortune tellers.Just 1%of U.S.adults say they rely a lot on what they have learned from these practices when making major life decisions.An additi

24、onal 5%say they rely a little on what they have learned.Fewer than one-in-ten Americans engage in these practices on a weekly basis.While there are now abundant ways both online and in person to consult a horoscope,tarot cards and fortune tellers,just 6%of Americans report that they participate in o

25、ne or more of these activities at least weekly.More(14%)say they engage monthly in at least one of these practices.Read on to learn more about how different demographic groups answer questions about:Belief in astrology Consulting astrology or horoscopes,tarot cards,and fortune tellers Engaging in th

26、ese practices for fun versus for insight 7 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org Religiously affiliated Americans and religiously unaffiliated Americans are equally likely to believe in astrology(27%and 28%,respectively).(Religiously unaffiliated Americans are those who identify religiously as ath

27、eist,agnostic or“nothing in particular.”)But some religious groups are especially likely to believe that the position of stars and planets can affect peoples lives.About one-third or more of Black Protestants,Hispanic Catholics and adults who say their religion is“nothing in particular”say they beli

28、eve in astrology.On the other hand,atheists,agnostics,White evangelical Protestants and Jewish Americans are less likely than the general public to say they believe in astrology.The survey included respondents of many other religious backgrounds,including members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Lat

29、ter-day Saints(widely known as Mormons),Muslims,Hindus and Buddhists.But there are not enough respondents from these smaller groups to report on their answers separately.27%of U.S.adults say they believe in astrology,similar to the share in 2017%who say they believe in astrology(the position of the

30、stars and planets can affect peoples lives)Dec 2017 Oct 2024 U.S.adults 29%27%Religiously affiliated 27 27 Christian 26 25 Protestant 24 24 White evangelical 17 19 White,not evangelical 31 25 Black Protestant 31 34 Catholic 33 29 White Catholic 30 25 Hispanic Catholic*37 35 Jewish-18 Religiously una

31、ffiliated 32 28 Atheist 3 13 Agnostic 18 20 Nothing in particular 47 36*The 2017 survey included 169 interviews with Hispanic Catholic respondents,with an effective sample size of 74 and a 95%confidence level margin of error of plus or minus 11.4 percentage points.This margin of error conservatively

32、 assumes a reported percentage of 50.Note:2017 estimates for Jewish Americans are not shown due to small sample size.Source:Survey of U.S.adults conducted Oct.21-27,2024.“30%of Americans Consult Astrology,Tarot Cards or Fortune Tellers”PEW RESEARCH CENTER 8 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org Vi

33、ews among demographic subgroups More advanced statistical analyses show that belief in astrology also varies significantly across demographic categories.We ran regression analyses to examine the independent effects of a number of factors including gender,age,race,educational attainment,political par

34、ty,ideology,income level,region,and LGBT identity on belief in astrology while holding all else equal.In addition to differences by religion,there are sizable gaps across the following demographic categories:Gender:Women are about twice as likely as men to believe in astrology(35%vs.18%).Women ages

35、18 to 49 are especially likely to express belief(43%).Age:Americans under 65 are more likely than adults 65 and older to believe in astrology.LGBT identity:LGBT adults are much more likely than adults who are not LGBT to believe in astrology(43%vs.26%).Income:U.S.adults with lower incomes are about

36、twice as likely as adults in the upper-income category to believe in astrology(37%vs.16%).Ideology:Americans who identify as politically conservative are less likely than moderates and liberals to believe in astrology.Education:U.S.adults without college degrees are more likely than college graduate

37、s to believe in astrology.Race and ethnicity:Black Americans are more likely than White and Asian Americans to believe in astrology.Belief in astrology among these demographic subgroups has changed little since we asked this question in 2017.A slight decline among political conservatives(4 percentag

38、e points)is the only difference that is statistically significant.Women are twice as likely as men to believe in astrology%who say they believe in astrology(the position of the stars and planets can affect peoples lives)Dec 2017 Oct 2024 U.S.adults 29%27%Women 37 35 Men 20 18 Ages 18-29 32 33 30-49

39、34 31 50-64 27 26 65+21 17 LGBT-43 Non-LGBT-26 Lower income-37 Middle income-25 Upper income-16 Politically liberal 32 29 Moderate 31 32 Conservative 24 20 Less than college 32 31 College graduate 22 20 White 26 24 Black 39 37 Hispanic 30 32 Asian*-25*Estimates for Asian adults are representative of

40、 English speakers only.Note:Family income tiers are based on adjusted 2023 earnings.The 2017 estimates for income are not comparable.The 2017 survey did not ask about sexual orientation or transgender identity.2017 estimates for Asian Americans are not shown due to small sample size.White,Black and

41、Asian adults include those who report being only one race and are not Hispanic.Hispanics are of any race.Source:Survey of U.S.adults conducted Oct.21-27,2024.“30%of Americans Consult Astrology,Tarot Cards or Fortune Tellers”PEW RESEARCH CENTER 9 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org The share of A

42、mericans who say they consult astrology or a horoscope at least once or twice a year(28%)parallels the share who say they believe in astrology(27%).Hispanic Catholics(39%),Black Protestants(33%)and adults who say their religion is“nothing in particular”(35%)are among the most likely to say they cons

43、ult astrology at least annually.About one-in-ten Americans consult tarot cards at least annually.On the whole,religiously unaffiliated Americans are slightly more likely than religiously affiliated Americans to say they consult tarot cards at least yearly(14%vs.10%).But this is primarily due to the

44、use of tarot cards by agnostics and people who say their religion is“nothing in particular,”rather than by atheists.Religious differences in consulting a fortune teller are not very pronounced.When asked about consulting astrology or a horoscope,tarot cards,or fortune tellers,White evangelicals and

45、atheists are among the groups that are most likely to say they never engage in the practices.3 in 10 religiously unaffiliated adults consult astrology or a horoscope at least annually%who say they consult each of the following Astrology or a horoscope Tarot cards A fortune teller At least once or tw

46、ice a year Never At least once or twice a year Never At least once or twice a year Never U.S.adults 28%71%11%88%6%93%Religiously affiliated 28 72 10 89 6 93 Christian 27 73 9 91 6 94 Protestant 24 76 7 92 4 96 White evangelical 17 83 4 96 1 99 White,not evang.28 72 8 92 4 96 Black Protestant 33 67 1

47、3 87 9 91 Catholic 32 68 11 89 8 92 White Catholic 27 73 7 93 5 95 Hispanic Catholic 39 61 14 84 11 89 Jewish 26 74 11 89 4 96 Religiously unaffiliated 30 69 14 86 6 93 Atheist 17 83 7 93 2 98 Agnostic 31 69 14 85 3 97 Nothing in particular 35 64 16 83 8 90 Note:Those who did not answer are not show

48、n.Source:Survey of U.S.adults conducted Oct.21-27,2024.“30%of Americans Consult Astrology,Tarot Cards or Fortune Tellers”PEW RESEARCH CENTER 10 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org Views among demographic subgroups About half of LGBT adults(54%)say they consult astrology or a horoscope at least a

49、nnually.Also,37%of women say they do this at least once a year a figure that rises to 46%among women ages 18 to 49.Americans in lower-income households are more likely than those in upper-income households to say they consult astrology annually as are those who describe themselves as politically lib

50、eral,compared with self-identified conservatives.While religious groups in this analysis generally dont differ much in their propensity to consult tarot cards,there are relatively large differences by LGBT identity,gender and age.LGBT adults are about three times as likely as non-LGBT adults to repo

51、rt consulting tarot cards at least annually(33%vs.9%).And 15%of LGBT adults say they consult tarot cards at least once or twice a month.(Refer to the detailed tables for more information about how often people in different demographic groups say they engage in these practices.)Large differences by a

52、ge in consulting astrology,tarot cards and fortune-telling%who say they consult each of the following Astrology or a horoscope Tarot cards A fortune teller At least once or twice a year Never At least once or twice a year Never At least once or twice a year Never U.S.adults 28%71%11%88%6%93%Women 37

53、 63 14 85 8 92 Men 19 81 7 92 4 95 Ages 18-29 37 63 23 76 14 85 30-49 31 68 13 86 6 93 50-64 25 75 6 93 4 96 65+20 80 3 96 2 98 LGBT 54 46 33 66 12 86 Non-LGBT 26 74 9 91 6 94 Lower income 35 65 17 83 10 90 Middle income 26 74 9 91 4 96 Upper income 22 78 7 93 4 96 Politically liberal 36 64 18 82 7

54、92 Moderate 31 69 11 89 6 93 Conservative 20 80 7 93 5 94 White 25 75 8 92 3 96 Black 36 63 16 84 12 87 Hispanic 33 67 15 84 11 89 Asian*30 70 19 81 15 85*Estimates for Asian adults are representative of English speakers only.Note:Those who did not answer are not shown.Family income tiers are based

55、on adjusted 2023 earnings.White,Black and Asian include those who report being only one race and are not Hispanic.Hispanics are of any race.Source:Survey of U.S.adults conducted Oct.21-27,2024.“30%of Americans Consult Astrology,Tarot Cards or Fortune Tellers”PEW RESEARCH CENTER 11 PEW RESEARCH CENTE

56、R www.pewresearch.org Nearly a quarter of Americans ages 18 to 29 say they consult tarot cards at least annually,compared with just 6%of Americans ages 50 to 64 and 3%of Americans who are 65 and older.There are also differences by gender,income level and political ideology,though no more than about

57、a third of adults in any demographic group we have analyzed say they consult tarot cards at least yearly.Consulting a fortune teller is also relatively rare among all the groups in this analysis,though there are some notable differences by age,and by race and ethnicity.For example,14%of U.S.adults u

58、nder 30 say they consult a fortune teller,compared with 2%of those ages 65 and older.And 15%of Asian Americans say they consult a fortune teller at least yearly,compared with 3%of White Americans.Overall,6%of U.S.adults consult a fortune teller at least once or twice a year.12 PEW RESEARCH CENTER ww

59、w.pewresearch.org A majority of U.S.adults who engage in at least one of these three practices say they do so mostly“just for fun,”rather than because they“believe the practices give them helpful insights.”That said,Hispanic Catholics,Black Protestants and adults who say their religion is“nothing in

60、 particular”are among the most likely to say they believe that consulting a fortune teller,tarot cards or astrology gives them helpful insights.Overall,16%of Hispanic Catholics and 14%of Black Protestants say they engage in these practices mostly for helpful insights and not just for fun.10%of Ameri

61、cans consult astrology,tarot cards or fortune tellers,believing they offer helpful insights%who say they consult a fortune teller,tarot cards,astrology or a horoscope mostly For helpful insights Just for fun Does not consult a fortune teller,tarot cards,astrology or a horoscope U.S.adults 10%20%70%R

62、eligiously affiliated 9 20 71 Christian 8 20 72 Protestant 7 18 75 White evangelical 4 14 83 White,not evang.6 24 70 Black Protestant 14 20 65 Catholic 11 23 66 White Catholic 7 21 72 Hispanic Catholic 16 23 60 Jewish 8 19 73 Religiously unaffiliated 11 21 67 Atheist 3 16 81 Agnostic 7 25 68 Nothing

63、 in particular 15 22 62 Note:Those who did not answer are not shown.Source:Survey of U.S.adults conducted Oct.21-27,2024.“30%of Americans Consult Astrology,Tarot Cards or Fortune Tellers”PEW RESEARCH CENTER 13 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org When asked why they take part in these practices,L

64、GBT adults once again stand out.They are the most likely of all the demographic subgroups analyzed in the survey to say they consult fortune tellers,tarot cards or horoscopes to obtain helpful insights(29%do this).Nearly one-in-five Black Americans and Americans ages 18 to 29 also say they engage in

65、 these practices for helpful insights.17%of U.S.adults under 30 say they consult astrology,tarot cards or fortune tellers mostly for helpful insights%who say they consult a fortune teller,tarot cards,astrology or a horoscope mostly For helpful insights Just for fun Does not consult a fortune teller,

66、tarot cards,astrology or a horoscope U.S.adults 10%20%70%Women 13 26 61 Men 6 14 80 Ages 18-29 17 23 59 30-49 12 21 67 50-64 7 20 74 65+4 16 79 LGBT 29 29 42 Non-LGBT 8 19 72 Lower income 15 22 62 Middle income 8 20 72 Upper income 5 18 77 Politically liberal 13 26 61 Moderate 11 22 67 Conservative

67、6 15 79 White 7 20 73 Black 17 21 60 Hispanic 13 21 66 Asian*15 21 64*Estimates for Asian adults are representative of English speakers only.Note:Those who did not answer are not shown.Family income tiers are based on adjusted 2023 earnings.White,Black and Asian adults include those who report being

68、 only one race and are not Hispanic.Hispanics are of any race.Source:Survey of U.S.adults conducted Oct.21-27,2024.“30%of Americans Consult Astrology,Tarot Cards or Fortune Tellers”PEW RESEARCH CENTER 14 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org Making major life decisions based on these practices Res

69、pondents who said they use at least one of these three practices mostly to gain helpful insights were asked an additional question:“When you make major decisions about your life,how much do you rely on what youve learned from a fortune teller,tarot cards,astrology or a horoscope?”The response option

70、s were“A lot,”“A little”or“Not at all.”Just 1%of Americans say they rely on insights from these practices a lot when making major life decisions,and an additional 5%say they rely on them a little.Hispanic Catholics(12%)are more likely than most other religious groups to say they rely on insights fro

71、m these practices at least a little when making major life decisions.7%of Americans rely on insights from fortune tellers,tarot cards or astrology at least a little for major life decisions%who say that when they make major life decisions,they rely on what theyve learned from a fortune teller,tarot

72、cards,astrology or a horoscope Net At least a little A lot A little U.S.adults 7%1%5%Religiously affiliated 6 1 5 Christian 5 1 4 Protestant 4 1 3 White evangelical 3 1 3 White,not evang.3 1 2 Black Protestant 8 3 6 Catholic 8 2 6 White Catholic 4 1 4 Hispanic Catholic 12 4 8 Jewish 5 0 5 Religiousl

73、y unaffiliated 7 1 6 Atheist 1 1 1 Agnostic 5 1 4 Nothing in particular 10 1 9 Note:Those who say they do not engage in any of these three practices;do not do these practices mostly for helpful insights;or did not answer questions about these practices are not shown.Figures may not sum to subtotals

74、indicated due to rounding.Source:Survey of U.S.adults conducted Oct.21-27,2024.“30%of Americans Consult Astrology,Tarot Cards or Fortune Tellers”PEW RESEARCH CENTER 15 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org About one-in-five LGBT adults(21%)say that when they make major life decisions,they rely at

75、least a little on what theyve learned from a fortune teller,tarot cards,astrology or a horoscope.This is considerably larger than the share of any other demographic subgroup that says this.Younger Americans(13%),people with lower incomes(11%)and Americans who are ideologically liberal(9%)are somewha

76、t more likely than their counterparts(i.e.,older,upper-income and ideologically conservative Americans,respectively)to say they rely on insights from a fortune teller,tarot cards,astrology or a horoscope when making major life decisions.Likewise,Asian(12%),Black(11%)and Hispanic(9%)Americans are som

77、ewhat more likely than White Americans(4%)to rely on insights from these practices when making major life decisions.1 in 5 LGBT adults say they rely on tarot cards,astrology or fortune tellers at least a little to make big life decisions%who say that when they make major life decisions,they rely on

78、what theyve learned from a fortune teller,tarot cards,astrology or a horoscope Net At least a little A lot A little U.S.adults 7%1%5%Women 8 1 7 Men 4 1 3 Ages 18-29 13 3 10 30-49 8 1 6 50-64 4 1 4 65+2 1 2 LGBT 21 4 17 Non-LGBT 5 1 4 Lower income 11 3 9 Middle income 5 1 4 Upper income 3 1 3 Politi

79、cally liberal 9 2 8 Moderate 7 1 6 Conservative 4 1 3 White 4 1 4 Black 11 3 8 Hispanic 9 2 7 Asian*12 2 10*Estimates for Asian adults are representative of English speakers only.Note:Those who say they do not engage in any of these three practices;do not do these practices mostly for helpful insigh

80、ts;or did not answer the questions are not shown.Figures may not sum to subtotals indicated due to rounding.Family income tiers are based on adjusted 2023 earnings.White,Black and Asian adults include those who report being only one race and are not Hispanic.Hispanics are of any race.Source:Survey o

81、f U.S.adults conducted Oct.21-27,2024.“30%of Americans Consult Astrology,Tarot Cards or Fortune Tellers”PEW RESEARCH CENTER 16 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org Acknowledgments Pew Research Center is a subsidiary of The Pew Charitable Trusts,its primary funder.This report is a collaborative ef

82、fort based on the input and analysis of the following individuals.Find related reports online at pewresearch.org/religion.Primary researcher Chip Rotolo,Research Associate Research team Alan Cooperman,Director,Religion Research Gregory A.Smith,Senior Associate Director,Religion Research Becka A.Alpe

83、r,Senior Researcher Besheer Mohamed,Senior Researcher Patricia Tevington,Research Associate Justin Nortey,Research Analyst Asta Kallo,Research Assistant Methods team Ashley Amaya,Associate Director,Survey Methods Andrew Mercer,Principal Methodologist Courtney Kennedy,Vice President,Methods and Innov

84、ation Dorene Asare-Marfo,Senior Panel Manager Dana Popky,Associate Panel Manager Anna Brown,Research Methodologist Arnold Lau,Research Methodologist Editorial and graphic design Dalia Fahmy,Senior Writer/Editor Rebecca Leppert,Copy Editor Peter Bell,Associate Director,Design and Production Bill Webs

85、ter,Senior Information Graphics Designer 17 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org Communications and web publishing Haley Nolan,Communications Manager Hannah Taber,Communications Manager Maya Pottiger,Communications Associate Justine Coleman,Associate Digital Producer In addition,the project benef

86、ited from the guidance of Kim Parker,Juliana Menasce Horowitz,Neha Sahgal and Rachel Drian.18 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org Methodology Overview Data in this report comes from Wave 158 of the American Trends Panel(ATP),Pew Research Centers nationally representative panel of randomly select

87、ed U.S.adults.The survey was conducted from Oct.21 to 27,2024.A total of 9,593 panelists responded out of 10,612 who were sampled,for a survey-level response rate of 90%.The cumulative response rate accounting for nonresponse to the recruitment surveys and attrition is 3%.The break-off rate among pa

88、nelists who logged on to the survey and completed at least one item is 1%.The margin of sampling error for the full sample of 9,593 respondents is plus or minus 1.3 percentage points.SSRS conducted the survey for Pew Research Center via online(n=9,320)and live telephone(n=273)interviewing.Interviews

89、 were conducted in both English and Spanish.To learn more about the ATP,read“About the American Trends Panel.”Panel recruitment Since 2018,the ATP has used address-based sampling(ABS)for recruitment.A study cover letter and a pre-incentive are mailed to a stratified,random sample of households selec

90、ted from the U.S.Postal Services Computerized Delivery Sequence File.This Postal Service file has been estimated to cover 90%to 98%of the population.3 Within each sampled household,the adult with the next birthday is selected to participate.Other details of the ABS recruitment protocol have changed

91、over time but are available upon request.4 Prior to 2018,the ATP was recruited using landline and cellphone random-digit-dial surveys administered in English and Spanish.A national sample of U.S.adults has been recruited to the ATP approximately once per year since 2014.In some years,the recruitment

92、 has included additional efforts(known as an“oversample”)to improve the accuracy of data for underrepresented groups.For example,Hispanic,Black and Asian adults were oversampled in 2019,2022 and 2023,respectively.3 AAPOR Task Force on Address-based Sampling.2016.“AAPOR Report:Address-based Sampling.

93、”4 Email pewsurveyspewresearch.org.19 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org Sample design The overall target population for this survey was noninstitutionalized persons ages 18 and older living in the United States.All active panel members were invited to participate in this wave.Questionnaire dev

94、elopment and testing The questionnaire was developed by Pew Research Center in consultation with SSRS.The web program used for online respondents was rigorously tested on both PC and mobile devices by the SSRS project team and Pew Research Center researchers.The SSRS project team also populated test

95、 data that was analyzed in SPSS to ensure the logic and randomizations were working as intended before launching the survey.Incentives All respondents were offered a post-paid incentive for their participation.Respondents could choose to receive the post-paid incentive in the form of a check or gift

96、 code to A,T or W.Incentive amounts ranged from$5 to$20 depending on whether the respondent belongs to a part of the population that is harder or easier to reach.Differential incentive amounts were designed to increase panel survey participation among groups that traditionally have low survey respon

97、se propensities.Data collection protocol The data collection field period for this survey was Oct.21 to 27,2024.Surveys were conducted via self-administered web survey or by live telephone interviewing.For panelists who take surveys online:Postcard notifications were mailed to a subset on Oct.21.5 S

98、urvey invitations were sent out in two separate launches:soft launch and full launch.Sixty panelists were included in the soft launch,which began with an initial invitation sent on Oct.21.All remaining English-and Spanish-speaking sampled online panelists were included in the full launch and were se

99、nt an invitation on Oct.22.5 The ATP does not use routers or chains in any part of its online data collection protocol,nor are they used to direct respondents to additional surveys.Postcard notifications for web panelists are sent to 1)panelists who were recruited within the last two years and 2)pan

100、elists recruited prior to the last two years who opt to continue receiving postcard notifications.20 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org Invitation and reminder dates for web respondents,ATP Wave 158 Soft launch Full launch Initial invitation October 21,2024 October 22,2024 First reminder Octobe

101、r 24,2024 October 24,2024 Final reminder October 26,2024 October 26,2024 PEW RESEARCH CENTER Panelists participating online were sent an email invitation and up to two email reminders if they did not respond to the survey.ATP panelists who consented to SMS messages were sent an SMS invitation with a

102、 link to the survey and up to two SMS reminders.For panelists who take surveys over the phone with a live interviewer:Prenotification postcards were mailed on Oct.18.Soft launch took place on Oct.21 and involved dialing until a total of seven interviews had been completed.All remaining English-and S

103、panish-speaking sampled phone panelists numbers were dialed throughout the remaining field period.Panelists who take surveys via phone can receive up to six calls from trained SSRS interviewers.Data quality checks To ensure high-quality data,Center researchers performed data quality checks to identi

104、fy any respondents showing patterns of satisficing.This includes checking whether respondents left questions blank at very high rates or always selected the first or last answer presented.As a result of this checking,four ATP respondents were removed from the survey dataset prior to weighting and an

105、alysis.21 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org Weighting The ATP data is weighted in a process that accounts for multiple stages of sampling and nonresponse that occur at different points in the panel survey process.First,each panelist begins with a base weight that reflects their probability of

106、recruitment into the panel.These weights are then calibrated to align with the population benchmarks in the accompanying table to correct for nonresponse to recruitment surveys and panel attrition.If only a subsample of panelists was invited to participate in the wave,this weight is adjusted to acco

107、unt for any differential probabilities of selection.Among the panelists who completed the survey,this weight is then calibrated again to align with the population benchmarks identified in the accompanying table and trimmed at the 1st and 99th percentiles to reduce the loss in precision stemming from

108、 variance in the weights.Sampling errors and tests of statistical significance take into account the effect of weighting.The following table shows the unweighted sample sizes and the error attributable to sampling that would be expected at the 95%level of confidence for different groups in the surve

109、y.American Trends Panel weighting dimensions Variable Benchmark source Age(detailed)Age x Gender Education x Gender Education x Age Race/Ethnicity x Education Race/Ethnicity x Gender Black(alone or in combination)x Hispanic Born inside vs.outside the U.S.among Hispanics and Asian Americans Years liv

110、ed in the U.S.Census region x Metropolitan status 2022 American Community Survey(ACS)Volunteerism 2021 CPS Volunteering&Civic Life Supplement Voter registration 2020 CPS Voting and Registration Supplement Frequency of internet use Religious affiliation Party affiliation x Race/Ethnicity Party affili

111、ation among registered voters 2024 National Public Opinion Reference Survey(NPORS)Note:Estimates from the ACS are based on noninstitutionalized adults.Voter registration is calculated using procedures from Hur,Achen(2013)and rescaled to include the total U.S.adult population.PEW RESEARCH CENTER 22 P

112、EW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org Sample sizes and margins of error,ATP Wave 158 Group Unweighted sample size Plus or minus Total sample 9,593 1.3 percentage points Religiously affiliated 6,716 1.6 percentage points Christian 5,877 1.7 percentage points Protestant 3,923 2.1 percentage points Wh

113、ite evangelical 1,554 3.1 percentage points White,not evangelical 1,173 3.6 percentage points Black Protestant 645 5.2 percentage points Catholic 1,788 3.1 percentage points White Catholic 1,201 3.5 percentage points Hispanic Catholic 418 6.4 percentage points Jewish 388 6.5 percentage points Religi

114、ously unaffiliated 2,820 2.5 percentage points Atheist 602 5.3 percentage points Agnostic 639 5.0 percentage points Nothing in particular 1,579 3.3 percentage points Women 5,257 1.8 percentage points Men 4,256 2.1 percentage points Ages 18-29 940 3.9 percentage points 30-49 3,067 2.3 percentage poin

115、ts 50-64 2,600 2.5 percentage points 65+2,948 2.4 percentage points LGBT 654 5.3 percentage points Non-LGBT 8,694 1.4 percentage points Lower income 2,122 2.8 percentage points Middle income 4,595 1.9 percentage points Upper income 2,289 2.5 percentage points Politically liberal 2,595 2.6 percentage

116、 points Moderate 3,600 2.2 percentage points Conservative 3,252 2.3 percentage points Less than college 4,918 1.8 percentage points College graduate 4,654 1.7 percentage points White 6,600 1.5 percentage points Black 933 4.4 percentage points Hispanic 1,057 4.1 percentage points Asian*548 5.6 percen

117、tage points*Estimates for Asian adults are representative of English speakers only.PEW RESEARCH CENTER 23 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org Sample sizes and sampling errors for other subgroups are available upon request.In addition to sampling error,one should bear in mind that question wordin

118、g and practical difficulties in conducting surveys can introduce error or bias into the findings of opinion polls.24 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org Dispositions and response rates Final dispositions,ATP Wave 158 AAPOR code Total Completed interview 1.1 9,593 Logged in(web)/Contacted(CATI),b

119、ut did not complete any items 2.11 194 Started survey;broke off before completion 2.12 64 Never logged on(web)/Never reached on phone(CATI)2.20 757 Survey completed after close of the field period 2.27 0 Other non-interview 2.30 0 Completed interview but was removed for data quality 2.90 4 Total pan

120、elists sampled for the survey 10,612 Completed interviews I 9,593 Partial interviews P 0 Refusals R 258 Non-contact NC 757 Other O 4 Unknown household UH 0 Unknown other UO 0 Not eligible NE 0 Total 10,612 AAPOR RR1=I/(I+P+R+NC+O+UH+UO)90%PEW RESEARCH CENTER Cumulative response rate,ATP Wave 158 Tot

121、al Weighted response rate to recruitment surveys 11%of recruitment survey respondents who agreed to join the panel,among those invited 73%of those agreeing to join who were active panelists at start of Wave 158 35%Response rate to Wave 158 survey 90%Cumulative response rate 3%PEW RESEARCH CENTER 25

122、PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org How family income tiers are calculated Family income data reported in this study is adjusted for household size and cost-of-living differences by geography.Panelists then are assigned to income tiers that are based on the median adjusted family income of all A

123、merican Trends Panel members.The process uses the following steps:1.First,panelists are assigned to the midpoint of the income range they selected in a family income question that was measured on either the most recent annual profile survey or,for newly recruited panelists,their recruitment survey.T

124、his provides an approximate income value that can be used in calculations for the adjustment.2.Next,these income values are adjusted for the cost of living in the geographic area where the panelist lives.This is calculated using price indexes published by the U.S.Bureau of Economic Analysis.These in

125、dexes,known as Regional Price Parities(RPP),compare the prices of goods and services across all U.S.metropolitan statistical areas as well as non-metro areas with the national average prices for the same goods and services.The most recent available data at the time of the annual profile survey is fr

126、om 2022.Those who fall outside of metropolitan statistical areas are assigned the overall RPP for their states non-metropolitan area.3.Family incomes are further adjusted for the number of people in a household using the methodology from Pew Research Centers previous work on the American middle clas

127、s.This is done because a four-person household with an income of say,$50,000,faces a tighter budget constraint than a two-person household with the same income.4.Panelists are then assigned an income tier.“Middle-income”adults are in families with adjusted family incomes that are between two-thirds

128、and double the median adjusted family income for the full ATP at the time of the most recent annual profile survey.The median adjusted family income for the panel is roughly$74,100.Using this median income,the middle-income range is about$49,400 to$148,200.Lower-income families have adjusted incomes

129、 less than$49,400 and upper-income families have adjusted incomes greater than$148,200(all figures expressed in 2023 dollars and scaled to a household size of three).If a panelist did not provide their income and/or their household size,they are assigned“No answer”in the income tier variable.Two exa

130、mples of how a given areas cost-of-living adjustment was calculated are as follows:The Pine Bluff metropolitan area in Arkansas is a relatively inexpensive area,with a price level that is 19.1%less than the national average.The San Francisco-Oakland-Berkeley metropolitan area in 26 PEW RESEARCH CENT

131、ER www.pewresearch.org California is one of the most expensive areas,with a price level that is 17.9%higher than the national average.Income in the sample is adjusted to make up for this difference.As a result,a family with an income of$40,400 in the Pine Bluff area is as well off financially as a f

132、amily of the same size with an income of$58,900 in San Francisco.Pew Research Center 2025 27 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org Topline 2024 PEW RESEARCH CENTERS AMERICAN TRENDS PANEL WAVE 158 ASTROLOGY,TAROT CARDS AND FORTUNE TELLERS OCTOBER 21-27,2024 N=9,593 Note:All numbers are percentages

133、unless otherwise noted.Rows/columns may not total 100%due to rounding.The questions presented below are part of a larger survey conducted on the American Trends Panel.“No answer”includes web respondents who do not answer the question as well as telephone respondents who refuse to answer or who say t

134、hey dont know how to answer.This survey was conducted primarily online,with some interviews conducted by live telephone.This topline shows the programming language for online administration.For details on how questions were slightly modified for phone administration,visit the questionnaire.The Ameri

135、can Trends Panel survey conducted in December 2017 and listed as a trend on BELIEVEe was conducted fully online(with tablets and data plans provided to adults without home internet).ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS PREVIOUSLY RELEASED BELIEVEe ASK ALL:Do you believe in astrology(the position of the stars and pl

136、anets can affect peoples lives)?Oct 21-27,2024 Dec 4-18,2017 27 Yes,believe in 29 72 No,dont believe 70 1 No answer 1 28 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org FUTR_HOW ASK ALL:PN:RANDOMIZE ITEMS;ROTATE RESPONSE OPTIONS 1-5/5-1,HOLDING 98 AND 99 LAST;INCLUDE RANDOMIZATION AND ROTATION IN DATA FILE

137、How often,if ever,do you do each of the following things?FUTR_WHY ASK IF CONSULTS FORTUNE TELLER,ASTROLOGY/HOROSCOPE,OR TAROT CARDS(FUTR_HOWa=1-4 or FUTR_HOWb=1-4 or FUTR_HOWc=1-4):PN:ROTATE RESPONSE OPTIONS 1-2/2-1,HOLDING 98 AND 99 LAST;INCLUDE ROTATION IN DATA FILE When you consult a fortune tell

138、er,tarot cards,astrology or a horoscope,is it mostly.RESULTS BASED ON TOTAL Oct 21-27,2024 20 Just for fun 10 Because you believe they give you helpful insights 1 No answer 70 Said“Never”or did not answer in FUTR_HOWa-c Daily At least weekly Once or twice a month Once or twice a year Never No answer

139、 a.Consult a fortune teller Oct 21-27,2024 1 1 2 4 93 1 b.Consult astrology or a horoscope Oct 21-27,2024 1 3 7 16 71 1 c.Consult tarot cards Oct 21-27,2024 1 1 3 7 88 1 29 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org FUTR_DEC ASK IF CONSULTS FORTUNE TELLER,ASTROLOGY/HOROSCOPE,OR TAROT CARDS BECAUSE BELI

140、EVES THEY GIVE HELPFUL INSIGHTS(FUTR_WHY=2):When you make major decisions about your life,how much do you rely on what youve learned from a fortune teller,tarot cards,astrology or a horoscope?RESULTS BASED ON TOTAL Oct 21-27,2024 1 A lot 5 A little 3 Not at all 1 No answer 90 Said“Just for fun”or did not answer in FUTR_WHY or said“Never”or did not answer in FUTR_HOWa-c