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1、A Guiding Manual to Accessing International Climate Finance for the Republic of NauruA Guiding Manual to Accessing International Climate Finance forthe Republic of Nauru The lead author is Syed Amjad Hussain,Commonwealth National Climate Finance Advisor for the Republic of Nauru and the co-author is

2、 Soumik Biswas,Regional Climate Finance Advisor for the Indo-Pacific-Region.Commonwealth Secretariat 2024All rights reserved.This publication may be reproduced,stored in a retrieval system,or transmitted in any form or by any means,electronic or mechanical,including photocopying,recording or otherwi

3、se provided it is used only for educational purposes and is not for resale,and provided full acknowledgement is given to the Commonwealth Secretariat as the original publisher.Views and opinions expressed in this publication are the responsibility of the author and should in no way be attributed to

4、the institutions to which they are affiliated or to the Commonwealth Secretariat.Wherever possible,the Commonwealth Secretariat uses paper sourced from responsible forests or from sources that minimise a destructive impact on the environment.Published by the Commonwealth Secretariat.Contents iiiCont

5、entsList of Figures vList of Tables vAcknowledgments viAcronyms andAbbreviations viiExecutive Summary ix1.Introduction 11.1 Background 11.2 Objectives 12.Climate Finance 22.1 International climate finance landscape 22.2 Need for climate finance for Nauru 22.3 Rationale and need for a guiding manual

6、32.4 Barriers to accessing climate finance in Nauru 42.5 Beneficiaries of the climate finance guiding manual 52.6 Role of National Designated Authority(NDA)63.Climate Change Project Development 73.1 Developing climate finance project proposals 73.2 Identifying suitable climate financing instrument 7

7、3.3 Climate change funds and requirements 94.Climate Finance Readiness 214.1 GCF Readiness Support Programme 214.2 GCF Project Preparation Facility(PPF)244.3 Assessing Naurus capacity development needs 244.4 Accreditation processes 255.Good Practices to Strengthen Climate Finance 315.1 Country owner

8、ship 315.2 Theory of change 315.3 Avoidance of duplication of effort 315.4 Gender equality and social inclusion(GESI)considerations 325.5 Private sector investment strategy 325.6 Monitoring and evaluation 335.7 Complementarity and coherence between funds 335.8 Stakeholder engagement 335.9 Plan to ad

9、dress specific vulnerabilities and climate impact 345.10 Adaptation financing strategy 345.11 Budget and procurement 345.12 Results-based management 356.Climate Finance Instruments and Funds 366.1 Overview of innovative climate finance instruments 366.2 Introduction to various climate finance funds

10、386.3 Conclusion 49References 50Annex 1.Climate Finance Projects in the Republic of Nauru 51List of Figures vList of FiguresFigure 2.1.Milestones in climate finance history 3Figure 2.2.The role of Naurus National Designated Authority 6Figure 3.1 Developing projects for obtaining climate finance 8Fig

11、ure 3.2.GEF project types 10Figure 3.3.GEF approval process 12Figure 3.4 GCF Funding proposal review 15Figure 3.5.Adaptation Fund project life cycle 17Figure 4.1.Readiness finance focus areas 21Figure 4.2.Conceptual framework for climate finance readiness 22Figure 4.3.Key areas for institutional cap

12、acity assessment 25Figure 4.4.GCF access modalities 26Figure 4.5.GCF application process 27Figure 4.6.Adaptation Fund accreditation process 29List of TablesTable 3.1.Global Environment Facility structure 9Table 4.1.Theory of change for readiness proposal 23Table 4.2.Checklist for GCF readiness propo

13、sal quality assurance 28AcknowledgmentsThis manual has been developed by the Climate Change Section of the Commonwealth Secretariat following a series of document reviews and consultations with representatives of several Commonwealth countries.We are extremely grateful to Mr Reagan Moses,Secretary a

14、nd Ms Jaala Jeremiah,Director,Climate Action,Department of Climate Change and National Resilience,Government of Nauru for providing support and their invaluable insights.Acronyms andAbbreviations viiAcronyms andAbbreviationsADB Asian Development BankAF Adaptation Fund AAP Annual Action ProgrammeAP A

15、ccreditation PanelASAP Adaptation for Smallholder Agriculture ProgrammeAUD Australian dollarsCBIT Capacity Building Initiative for Transparency CCFAH Commonwealth Climate Finance Access Hub CCCP Canada Climate Change ProgramCCFGF City Climate Finance Gap Fund CEFPF Clean Energy Financing Partnership

16、 FacilityGFDRR Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery CEO Chief Executive OfficerCi-Dev Carbon Initiative for Development CIF Climate Investment FundsDCCNR Department of Climate Change and National ResilienceDRR Disaster Risk ReductionEDA Enhanced Direct AccessEIB Environmental Impact B

17、ondEU European UnionFAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsGCCA Global Climate Change Alliance GCCA+Global Climate Change Alliance Plus GCF Green Climate Fund GCPF Global Climate Partnership FundGEF Global Environment Facility GESI Gender Equality and Social Inclusion GIZ German

18、Agency for International CooperationLDCF Least Developed Countries Fund ICMA International Capital Market AssociationIFAD International Fund for Agricultural DevelopmentIIF InsuResilience Investment FundITAP Independent Technical Advisory PanelIUCN International Union for Conservation of NatureMDB M

19、ultilateral Development BankMRV Measurement,Reporting and VerificationMSP Medium-sized Project NAP National Adaptation PlansNCF Nordic Climate FacilityNDAs National Designated Authorities NDCs Nationally Determined ContributionsNZAID New Zealand Aid ProgrammeOAS Online Accreditation SystemPIF Projec

20、t Identification Form PPF Project Preparation FacilityPPRC Project and Programme Review CommitteeREDD+Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation inDeveloping CountriesSAP Simplified Approval ProcessSPC Secretariat for the Pacific Community SDGs Sustainable Development GoalsTCAF Tra

21、nsformative Carbon Asset Facility TIF Tax Increment FinancingUN United NationsUNDP United Nations Development ProgrammeUNEP United Nations Environment ProgrammeUNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate ChangeURCs Unconditionally Repayable ContributionsUSD United States DollarsExecutive S

22、ummary ixExecutive SummaryThe specific impacts of climate change in Nauru take the form of increases in surface-air and sea-surface temperatures;decreases in annual and seasonal mean rainfall,causing drought,stronger and longer-lasting droughts,and heatwaves;increases in the intensity of coastal ero

23、sion,ocean acidification and contamination of underground water supplies.In addition,there are changes to mean sea-level rise and wind-driven waves and king tides.In order to address these climate change impacts on a sustainable basis,huge amounts of climate finance,technology and capacity developme

24、nt are required from international,bilateral,multilateral,private sectors and other stakeholders.Climate change is an immediate and pressing reality in the Republic of Nauru.Its geography,isolation,environmental degradation and limited natural resources make the country particularly vulnerable to th

25、e current and future impacts of climate and it has limited resources to address these climate change impacts through adaptation and mitigation.Although the flow of international climate finance funds has increased over time,it is still negligible with respect to the climate finance needs of the coun

26、try.This guiding manual aims to increase understanding and awareness of the government,private sector and civil society organisations on the international climate finance funds that are available and the mechanisms to access these funds.The major multilateral and international climate finance funds

27、like the Green Climate Fund(GCF),the Global Environment Facility(GEF),the Adaptation Fund(AF)and the Climate Investment Funds(CIF)are discussed in detail in this guiding manual.The mechanisms to access readiness finance from GEF and GCF,along with the project preparation facility of GCF to build the

28、 capacity and strengthen institutions,provide a clearer understanding of accessing small-scale funds for project preparation.Being the largest multilateral funds for international climate finance,the accreditation processes for GCF and AF are also described in detail for a better understanding of ho

29、w to access these funds.To gain a better understanding of the processes and access the funds,it is important to familiarise the organisations with the accreditation procedures.This guiding manual provides an overview of various international climate funds and good practices to access these funds,whi

30、ch include strong fiduciary,environmental and social safeguards,gender inclusion,quality project planning,monitoring and evaluation,and financial standards.It should help to open more avenues to bring international climate finance to Nauru and fill the funding gap through these funds and investors,w

31、hile at the same time reducing pressure on national budgetary requirements in future.Introduction 11.Introduction1.1 BackgroundThe Commonwealth Climate Finance Access Hub(CCFAH)is the flagship initiative of the Commonwealth Secretariat,which provides technical support and capacity building for membe

32、r countries to enhance their access to international climate finance.The CCFAH was established to meet countries ongoing requirements for tools that help them effectively navigate and maximise their access to available opportunities in the global finance landscape.The CCFAH works closely with govern

33、ments across the five regions of the Commonwealth to enhance access and improve mobilisation of climate finance to the beneficiary countries through the development of project proposals,assisting in meeting application requirements for relevant climate finance funds,strengthening climate policy and

34、frameworks,promoting SouthSouth co-operation,knowledge exchange,mutual learning,and capacity building.A Guiding Manual to Accessing International Climate Finance for the Republic of Nauru has been prepared under the CCFAH project.The main aim is to improve climate finance flows to Nauru.The guiding

35、manual can be used as a reference document by the government of Nauru and all the other relevant stakeholders to access international climate funds and different types of funding options available for climate adaptation and mitigation projects globally.The guiding manual contributes to achieving the

36、 policy objective of Nauru Climate Change Policy,2020,which aims to facilitate effective use of the opportunities,particularly financial,available both nationally and internationally and policy measures that aim to utilise funding opportunities available through the Green Climate Fund(GCF),Global En

37、vironment Facility(GEF)and Adaption Fund(AF),as well as new funding opportunities made available for the Pacific region.The Republic of Naurus updated Nationally Deter-mined Contributions(NDCs;2021)set the country up to progress towards its aim of achieving net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050.

38、These updated NDCs are intended to cover the period from 1Janu-ary 2021 to 31 December 2030.Achieving this ambitious goal will depend upon the effective mobi-lisation of sufficient international financial,technical and capacity-building support.This ambitious effort must be pursued in tandem with ur

39、gent adaptation actions,including the full realisation of the Higher Ground Initiative1,along with major improvements to national food security,water security,and public health and safety.This guiding manual on climate finance aims to increase the capacity of a wide range of stakeholders,including g

40、overnment,civil society organisations and the private sector,to mobilise climate finance and support climate action in Nauru.1.2 ObjectivesThe goal of the guiding manual is to provide a comprehensive and practical knowledge resource for stakeholders involved in climate finance in Nauru.It aims to he

41、lp ensure that climate finance is used effectively and efficiently to support the implementation of Naurus NDCs and achieve its climate and Sustainable Development Goals.This guiding manual has the following specific objectives.i.Identity and outline the required steps for stakeholders to access cli

42、mate finance.ii.Overview the different sources of climate finance potentially available to Nauru.iii.Present several practical steps and tools to develop and implement climate finance projects,including guidance on project design,management,monitoring and evaluation.iv.Identify the key stakeholders

43、and their role and responsibilities in accessing climate finance for the country.v.Provide guidance on how to engage with different stakeholders to build the necessary capacity and support for climate action in the country;andvi.Review and identify challenges and opportunities for accessing climate

44、finance in the country.1 https:/www.climatechangenauru.nr/higher-ground-initiative2 A Guiding Manual to Accessing International Climate Finance forthe Republic of Nauru 2.Climate FinanceClimate finance,as define by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC),is local,national o

45、r transnational financing drawn from public,private and alternative sources of financing that seeks to support mitigation and adaptation actions that will address climate change(UNFCCC 2021).2The need for climate finance is also highlighted in Article 9 of the Paris Agreement,2015.It reaffirms that

46、developed countries shall provide financial resources,progression beyond previous efforts,and encourages other parties to voluntarily provide support;it also calls for the alignment of global financial flows with a low-carbon climate resilient pathway(Article 2.1c).2.1 International climate finance

47、landscapeTo transition the worlds economy to a low-carbon path and build resilience of vulnerable communities to climate change,a major role must be played by international climate finance from both public and private sources.The climate finance needs of developing countries are significant due to t

48、heir inherent climate vulnerabilities and low preparedness.Direct government funding is scarce,while finances committed by developed countries are inadequate against financing needs.At the same time,there is a lack of capacity to utilise those financial resources that are available(Roy 2022).Globall

49、y,the climate finance flows have steadily increased to nearly USD 1.3 trillion per year in 2021/2022 and much more is needed to keepglobal temperature rises within 1.5C by the end of this century and avoidthe worst impacts of climate change.3The firstNeeds Determination Reportof the Standing Committ

50、ee on Finance in 2021 shows nearly USD 6 trillion is needed to implement developing countries climate action plans by 2030,and this does not include the full cost for adaptation.4 When 2 See:https:/unfccc.int/topics/introduction-to-climate-finance3 https:/ https:/unfccc.int/news/from-billions-to-tri

51、llions-setting-a-new-goal-on-climate-financethese figures are considered,the USD 100 billion annual goal that is usually benchmarked,is only a small piece of the USD 4.35 trillion puzzle.Both public and private levels of funding need sustained growth to ensure that countries like Nauru can get on a

52、pathway to meet climate investment needs up until 2030 and beyond(ibid.).2.2 Need for climate finance for NauruNauru,like other Pacific countries,is disproportionately impacted by climate change.The government of Nauru has updated its NDCs and is presently costing the actions it needs to take.These

53、costs will provide a clearer picture of the countrys financing needs to meet its climate change priorities.The total cost of the identified climate change adaptation and mitigation projects in Naurus NDCs is estimated to be 118.9 million Australian dollars(AUD)and this is conditional on funding from

54、 international donors.The funds under the UNFCCC finance mechanism have been a constant and significant contributor to the overall climate finance landscape in Nauru.The country has accessed climate finance from all the relevant funds:the Global Environment Facility(GEF),the Green Climate Fund(GCF)a

55、nd the Adaptation Fund.Nauru has recently received approval for its first project funded by the Adaptation Fund,while there are two projects and three readiness support projects funded by the Green Climate Fund.The GEF has supported 15 climate change projects in Nauru to enhance an environment in th

56、e country that is conducive to the scaling up of climate action.To date,Nauru has obtained more than USD 11.10 million in grants from the GEF and co-financing of USD 58.20 million for seven projects(five national projects and two regional/global projects).Nauru has obtained more than USD 29.3 millio

57、n GCF financing from two full-scale projects and USD 2.1 GCF financing from three readiness support projects so far.Nauru accessed the Adaptation Funds full country allocation of USD 7.99 million through the Resilient Coastal Fisheries and Aquaculture in Nauru project in 2023.Climate Finance 32.3 Ra

58、tionale and need for a guidingmanualThe Republic of Nauru is situated in the Western Pacific Ocean and is one of the smallest countries in the world.With a land area of 21 km2 and 13,000 residents,the remote island is highly vulnerable to climate change stressors such as sea level rise and prolonged

59、 droughts.According to various assessments,Naurus mean temperature has increased by around 0.15 to 0.25 degrees celcius per decade since 1950,while the sea surface temperature has increased in the same proportion.Given the low altitude of the island and increasing temperatures,Nauru has experienced

60、sea level rise of about 5 mm per year since 1993.This is a clear indication of the threat the people of Nauru are exposed to,as the rate of sea level rise is even higher than the global average of 2.83.6 mm per year.Nauru is highly vulnerable to the adverse impacts of climate change on coastal infra

61、structure,food security,water security,public health and safety,and local terrestrial and marine ecosystems.However,accessing international climate finance can be complex and challenging,especially for small Pacific countries like Nauru.A guiding manual could help to explain the processes and provid

62、e practical guidance on how to access and use these funds effectively.The guiding manual could also provide information on the various sources of international climate finance available to Nauru,including the GCF,GEF,AF,and bilateral and multilateral development assistance.There is a need to build N

63、aurus capacity to unlock climate finance and to provide support in achieving its national climate priorities for sustainable development.As part of the Commonwealth Climate Finance Access Hub(CCFAH)project,this guiding manual is being developed to act as a ready reference resource to enable all rela

64、ted stakeholders to access international climate finance in the country.In addition,the guiding manual could highlight successful case studies and best practices in accessing and using international climate finance,Figure 2.1.Milestones in climate finance history Source:UNFCCC(2021)A brief history o

65、fCLIMATEFINANCE2001Establishment of the adaptation fund mobilised=1 billionNew Committments=356 million(COP 26)Establishment of a work programme for the implementation of Article 4 on commitments on climate fi nance by developed parties2013Convene a biennial high level ministerial dialogue on climat

66、e fi nance starting in 2014 and ending in 20202021COP26 calls for the need to enhance climate fi nance mobilisation to achieve climate plans2010The Cancun Agreements set a goal of mobilising jointly USD 100 billion per year by 2020.Establishment of the Green Climate Fund&Standing Committee on Financ

67、e 2015Paris Agreement reaffi rms the need of climate fi nance fl ows from the developed parties4 A Guiding Manual to Accessing International Climate Finance forthe Republic of Nauru which could serve as models for other organisations and stakeholders looking to replicate them as per their needs and

68、requirements.Overall,this guiding manual will be a valuable resource for policy-makers,civil society organisations and other stakeholders in the country to achieve the NDCs(2021)ambitious goals and the Nauru Climate Change Policy(NCCP)(2020)objectives,which aim to access climate finance for climate-

69、resilient and compatible development in the country.2.4 Barriers to accessing climate finance in NauruNauru has limited access to climate finance due to several institutional,regulatory and technical capacity barriers from both domestic and international donors.The barriers require different and spe

70、cific approaches to improve access to international and national climate finance.The major barriers in accessing climate finance are as below.i Low level of awareness about needs and sources of climate fundingThere is limited awareness about the need and sources of climate funding in the country,res

71、ulting in Nauru not being able to access such funding.Nauru needs the AUD 118.9 million required for fulfilling its NDC commitments from 2021 to 2030.5 An analysis of previous project fundings obtained by the Republic of Nauru that are already completed or nearing completion,established that there i

72、s a significant gap in the amount of funding available and the amount of funding required.6 Naurus NDCs are conditional on international support.Therefore,there is a need to create awareness around all climate funding opportunities through development of knowledge management products like this guidi

73、ng manual,to access international climate finance,climate change project development training of in-country experts,and to learn about processes for accreditation for direct access.5 Republic of Nauru Updated Nationally Determined Contribution,2021 and Climate Finance Landscape for Republic of Nauru

74、,2024.6 Pacific Climate Change Finance Assessment Nauru case study,2013.ii Co-financing and counterpart contributions challengesCo-financing and counterpart contributions have become important for many donors and funds including the GCF,GEF etc.However,domestic economic constraints have put addition

75、al pressure on the Government of Nauru and other prospective national-level partners to commit to co-financing.This has slowed down the levels of ambition for tapping into exciting climate finance opportunities.It can also delay or sometimes cause available climate funding opportunities to be missed

76、 altogether by the country.Such challenges can be a barrier to accessing international climate finance for small countries like Nauru.iii Difficulty in meeting climate funds procedures and standardsThere is a lack of awareness about the availability of funding and choosing the correct source of fund

77、ing.As different climate finance instruments have different procedures,the procedure of a particular fund and its requirements may not be clear,hampering understanding.However,nearly all the major international climate finance instruments require strong fiduciary capacities,adherence to social and e

78、nvironmental safeguards,and capacities related to implementing entitys roles and responsibilities.Once the organisations have been assessed against these standards,these funds also provide direct access to climate finance like the Green Climate Fund(GCF)and Adaptation Fund(AF).Fulfilling such standa

79、rds to access direct funding,is difficult for countries like Nauru.However,these countries can also secure climate finance through regional and international accreditation entities.iv Limited capacity to design projects/programmes and monitor and evaluate their progressLike other Pacific countries,t

80、here is limited capacity to design projects/programmes and monitor and evaluate their progress in Nauru.Apart from the human resources needed to develop climate change project proposals,the absence of an integrated strategic framework to access climate finance also contributes Climate Finance 5towar

81、ds lower capacity.To maximise the climate benefits through limited financing options and quantities,a well co-ordinated and integrated framework for climate finance is required.Currently,climate finance is accessed through a case-by-case and reactive process.This must be transformed towards a better

82、 integrated and supportive process.Training of in-country experts,establishing institutional co-ordination platforms,project pipeline development and so on,are important aspects in overcoming the capacity gaps and addressing the capacity challenge.Commonwealth National Climate Finance Advisers under

83、 CCFAH have been placed in several countries including Nauru to build the capacity of those governments and other stakeholders to address such barriers.v Lack of integrated policies and institutionsAlong with institutional capacity issues,there is a lack of coherent policies,plans,and legal and regu

84、latory frameworks,supplemented through budgets,and no clear set of priorities for adaptation and development.To enhance access to climate finance,there is a strong need to harmonise Naurus development plans and policies towards achieving low-carbon and resilient development.Moreover,government insti

85、tutions need to improve co-ordination among themselves to present a stronger and more coherent case to international climate finance institutions,while priorities need to be aligned and synched with country development objectives.Lack of integrated policies,which mainstream climate change into the p

86、lanning and development process,can be another barrier to securing climate finance for the country.vi Lack of climate change tracking in development expenditureTracking of access to and utilisation of climate finance is an important part of overall climate finance mobilisation.It enables the governm

87、ent and other stakeholders to make informed decisions regarding climate finance and investments,with a deeper analysis of trends and distributions.Nauru does not have such a system or process in place.The country needs to integrate climate budgeting and tagging into financial processes,to account fo

88、r all national development expenditures that relate to climate change.This tagging is important as it provides key insights on the climate expenditures that are made through the development budget and also supports in presenting a stronger case to international climate and/or public finance institut

89、ions for accessing additional international climate finance.2.5 Beneficiaries of the climate finance guiding manualThe probable beneficiaries of this guiding manual in Nauru will include government agencies,civil society organisations(CSOs)and any other entity that would like to leverage climate fin

90、ance from international climate funds.This guiding manual aims to improve climate finance flows in the country and help in achieving Naurus resilience to the impacts of climate change to aid sustainable development.Government organisations:Public sector departments working towards low-carbon and res

91、ilient development and other project-executing entities can utilise this guiding manual to develop climate finance strategies,policy frameworks and projects to secure climate finance.The guiding manual provides guidance for organisations that are seeking accreditation to the various funding lines;fo

92、r National Designated Authorities(NDAs)in accelerating endorsement of bankable projects;and for government entities looking to develop climate change projects through climate finance.Civil society organisations:CSOs play a meaningful role in building community resilience and making progress towards

93、national climate objectives.This guiding manual can support these entities when they are developing project proposals and identifying the most suitable funding lines using innovative financing approaches.Private sector:The private sector can utilise this guiding manual to develop low-carbon and clim

94、ate-resilient projects and achieve their sustainability,along with climate mitigation and adaptation targets,by helping them secure additional finance for their initiatives by accessing international climate finance.Although there are few climate change activities taking place in Naurus private sect

95、or,private sector actors may play a role in this area in future.6 A Guiding Manual to Accessing International Climate Finance forthe Republic of Nauru 2.6 Role of National Designated Authority(NDA)The Department of Climate Change and National Resilience(DCCNR)is the National Designated Authority(NDA

96、)for the Republic of Nauru and plays a crucial role in facilitating the countrys access to climate finance.The NDA is responsible for co-ordinating and promoting the use of financial resources from international climate funds,including the Green Climate Fund(GCF),and the other climate change activit

97、ies in the country.The NDA serves as the main point of contact between the Government of Nauru and international climate funds and is responsible for identifying,developing and submitting proposals to these funds.The NDA also works with other government departments,development partners,civil society

98、 organisations and private sector entities to identify and prioritise climate finance needs and opportunities in the country.The role of the NDA is vital in accessing international climate finance.Almost all international climate finance funds require a no objection letter and/or endorsement letters

99、 from the NDA.The role of the NDA is defined here as the following chapters contain information on how it can help in accessing international climate finance.In addition to its role in accessing climate finance,the NDA also has a mandate to promote the integration of climate change considerations in

100、to the countrys development planning and decision-making processes.This includes working with relevant government departments to develop and implement policies and programmes that support the transition to a low-carbon and climate-resilient/compactable development path.Overall,the role of the NDA is

101、 crucial in helping Nauru secure the financial resources it needs to address the impacts of climate change and transition to a more sustainable development path.The role of the NDA in accessing climate finance is illustrated in Figure 2.2.Figure 2.2.The role of Naurus National Designated Authority S

102、trategicoversight aligned to nationalprioritiesConvene National StakeholdersmeetingApproval ofreadinesssupportNo-objectionletters for projects/programmesNomination letters for directaccessClimate Change Project Development 73.Climate Change Project DevelopmentTo obtain funding through climate financ

103、e,projects have to be developed according to the specific procedures and standard requirements of a particular fund.Most funds require fiduciary capacities,adherence to social and environmental safeguards,and capacities related to an implementing entitys roles and responsibilities,along with strong

104、project impact indicators.The projects are assessed against these standards before providing them with finance,to ensure that the funds are used in a transparent and effective manner.To prepare proposals for obtaining climate finance,the following approach could be used in climate change project dev

105、elopment.The project development steps are as follows.Step 1:Climate finance screening.Identify a project or programmes eligibility for climate finance.Step 2:Identification of incremental costs.This is the amount of the funding required for all activities of a particular programme/project that are

106、in addition to business-as-usual expenditure.Step 3:Identification of funding source.This takes place to identify the correct source of climate finance for a particular programme/project.Step 4:Funding source analysis.Conduct analysis of accessible funding sources and other requirements.3.1 Developi

107、ng climate finance project proposalsIdentifying a project or programmes eligibility for climate finance is the first stage in the project development process.This entails evaluating the initiatives focus on measurable adaptation and/or mitigation or assessment of its sectoral climate change impacts.

108、In general,there are two types of projects:those that integrate adaptation and mitigation components into ongoing projects or programmes,like climate proofing in different sectors,cross-cutting areas like capacity building etc.,and those that are entirely focused on adaptation or mitigation.This pro

109、cess can be complemented by conducting climate vulnerability assessments or using available climate vulnerability assessments,which can assist in the climate finance screening process.The next stage is to establish whether the financing requested is equivalent to the incremental cost associated with

110、 addressing climate change.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC 2014),incremental cost is defined as the cost of capital of the incremental investment and change of operation and maintenance costs for a mitigation or adaptation project in comparison to a reference project.

111、According to the Green Climate Fund(GCF),these are the extra project costs incurred for any additional mitigation and adaptation components in comparison to a hypothetical baseline project.The steps involved in the development of climate finance proposals are further clarified in Figure 3.1.3.2 Iden

112、tifying suitable climate financing instrumentWhile there are increasing numbers of climate finance sources available,this does not mean it is easy for countries like Nauru to access these sources.To make sure that organisations can find the correct sources of climate finance,analysis of funding sour

113、ces that are accessible,their requirements and the situational context of recipient projects is essential.For example,the model of direct access could maximise the use of climate finance by national institutions.However,in the short term,it may not be feasible for some organisations to put in place

114、the local frameworks necessary to meet accredited fiduciary or other environmental and social standards.So,in this situation,the country may apply for climate funding through regional and international accreditation entities.8 A Guiding Manual to Accessing International Climate Finance forthe Republ

115、ic of Nauru 3.2.1 Understand country needs and contextThe organisations preparing project proposals need to have a clear understanding of the needs of the country,with a focus on the following areas before preparing the proposal.They should first:analyse the roles and capabilities of domestic instit

116、utions in obtaining and directing climate finance;analyse specific mitigation and/or adaptation requirementsoutlinedin policy,considering sectoral actions,key stakeholders,national adaptation priorities and NDCs;and analyse national climate budgeting systems to ensure they meet the required standard

117、s of climate finance.3.2.2 Obtain a clear understanding on relevant funding sources and select a suitable financing channelThe organisations preparing project proposals and the NDA should both have a clear understanding of climate funds and their pre-requisites,so that projects are submitted to the

118、relevant fund by fulfilling their necessary obligations.The following major points should be considered for finding and selecting a relevant funding sources.The organisations/NDA should:collect and evaluate the data on potential climate fund options offered at the bilateral,multilateral and private

119、sector levels;Figure 3.1 Developing projects for obtaining climate finance Step 1Step 3Step 2AdaptationCross-cuttingDoes the interventionhave both signifi cant adaptation and mitigation impactsMitigationDoes your project have an adaptation and/or mitigation focus?Adaptation:the process of adjustment

120、 to actual or expected climate and its eff ects.In human systems,adaptation seeks to moderate or avoid harm or exploit opportunities(IPCC 2024)Mitigation:a human intervention to reduce the sources or enhance the sinks of GHGs(IPCC 2014)Is fi nancing requested for the incremental cost associated with

121、 addressing climate change?According to the IPCC(2014),incremental cost is defi ned as the cost of capital of the incremental investment and change of operation and maintenance costs for a mitigation or adaptation project in comparison to a reference project.Diff erent climate change funds have diff

122、 ering defi nitions and methodologies for calculating incremental cost.Will the project result in measurable adaptation impacts?The intervention should result in a change in loss of lives,value of physical assets,livelihoods,and/or environmental or social losses due to the impact of extreme climate-

123、related disasters and climate change in a defi nted geographical area.The number of direct and indirect benefi ciaries of the project should be determined.Key sectors could include:agriculture and water security;health;ecosystems,ecosystem services and natural environment;resilient infrastructure an

124、d built environment;likelihoods and resilient communication.If requested for incremental cost:Potentially eligible for fi nance from dedicated climate change funds(potential sources include GCF,AF,GEF,CIF)and other sources of climate fi nance.If not requested for incremental cost:Potentially ineligi

125、ble for fi nance from dedicated climate change funds.The project may be eligible for funding from other climate fi nance providers,such as multilateral development banks and bilateral donors.Will the project result in measurable mitigation impacts?The intervention should result in emission reduction

126、s(in tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent).Key factors could include:energy;buildings,cities,industrics and appliances;forestry and land use change;transport;agriculture;solid waste and wastewater;water supply.Source:Nair and Jevanic(2022)Climate Change Project Development 9 create a list of all appl

127、icable climate finance funds,along with compiling information on funding windows,requirements and allocation caps;ensure that existing national structures,along with fiduciary,environmental and social standards,are following international climate finance funds and their access modalities;and after i

128、nitial assessment,select the fund that is more easily accessible and feasible for the country.3.3 Climate change funds and requirementsCurrently,there are several funds and instruments available in the market that are based on the principles of climate finance,with different funding limits and appro

129、val processes.The details of major climate change funds are provided below.3.3.1 The Global Environment FacilityThe Global Environment Facility(GEF)is a major funding facility that provides funding to projects aimed at improving the global environment.The GEFs major structural elements are shown in

130、Table 3.1.The GEF partners with 184 countries,international institutions,the private sector and civil society organisations to address issues around the global environmental and support sustainable development initiatives.The following four funds are managed by GEF:1.Special Climate Change Fund(SCCF

131、)2.GEF Trust Fund3.Least Developed Countries Fund(LDCF)4.Capacity-Building Initiative for Transparency(CBIT)The Special Climate Change Fund(SCCF).The SCCF funds regional and national projects in the specific sectors of technology transfer and capacity building,along with economic diversification and

132、 mitigation projects in the transport,energy,agriculture,forestry,industry and waste management sectors.The GEF Trust Fund.The GEF Trust Fund serves as one of the financial mechanisms of the UNFCCC.The fund supports the implementation of multilateral environmental agreements.One of its manyinitiativ

133、es,the small grants programme,promotes community-based innovation,capacity development,and the empowerment of communities and civil society organisations.The LDCF.The Least Developed Countries Fund(LDCF)aims to address the special needs of least developed countries under the Climate Convention.The L

134、DCF supports projects that address the urgent and immediate adaptation needs of these countries,focusing on reducing the vulnerability of sectors and resources that are central to human and national development,such as water,agriculture and food security;health;disaster risk Table 3.1.Global Environ

135、ment Facility structure Source:Global Environment Facility(2020)GEF CouncilThe Council,the GEFs main governing body,comprises 32 members appointed by constituencies of GEF member countriesScientific and Technical Advisory Panel(STAP)It provides the GEF with scientific and technical advice on policie

136、s,operational strategies,programs and projectsIndependent Evaluation OfficeIt works with the Secretariat and the GEF Agencies to share lessons learned with best practices.The Office undertakes independent evaluations of GEF impact and effectivenessGEF SecretariatIt coordinates the overall implementa

137、tion of GEF activities,led by a Chief Executive Officer(CEO)-Chairperson,appointed by the Council.The Secretariat implements decisions of the Assembly and the CouncilGEF Focal PointsEach of the GEF member countries has designated government officials responsible for GEF activities and they serve as

138、the liaison with the Secretariat and the GEF agencies10 A Guiding Manual to Accessing International Climate Finance forthe Republic of Nauru management and prevention;and infrastructure,as identified and prioritised in their National Adaptation Programmes of Action.The Capacity-Building Initiative f

139、or Transparency(CBIT).The CBIT funds projects that help countries in enhancing technical capacities and institutional strengthening to comply with the enhanced transparency requirements defined in Article 13 of the Paris Agreement.3.3.1.1 Eligibility criteriaThe eligibility criteria for GEF funding

140、for projects are defined as follows.National priorityThe project should be aligned with the countrys national priorities and sustainable development agenda,as well as being led by the country itself rather than by any external partner.GEF prioritiesThe project must address one or more GEF focal area

141、 strategies(international waters,land degradation,biodiversity,climate change mitigation,and chemicals and waste,as well as cross-cutting issues like sustainable forest management).FinancingThe project must only apply for GEF funding for the agreed-upon incremental costs of measures to achieve globa

142、l environmental benefits.According to the co-financing conditions,GEF-funded projects shall be matched by funds provided by the grant-seeker.In its review of individual projects and programmes,the GEFSecretariat does not impose minimum thresholds or specific types or sources of co-financing or inves

143、tment mobilised.The co-financing can be obtained from public and private,domestic and international,agencies and/or institutions.ParticipationRelevant stakeholders,including the public,shall be involved in project design and implementation and adhere to the public involvement policy and guidelines f

144、or GEF-funded projects.Choice of GEF agencyThe GEF has 18 Partner Agencies which includes Multilateral development banks(MDBs)and UN Agencies like IUCN,UNDP,UNEP and WWF.The Operational Focal Point Department of Environmental Management and Agriculture(DEMA),Government of the Republic of Nauru decid

145、es which Figure 3.2.GEF project types Source:Global Environment Facility(2021)GEFProjectTypesMedium-Sized Project(MSP)GEF Project Financing of less than two million US dollarsFull-Sized Project(FSP)GEF Project Financing of more thantwo million US dollarsProject Preparation Grant(PPG)The funding is p

146、rovided to support the preparation of an FSP or MSPEnabling Activity(EA)A project for the preparation of a plan,strategy to fulfill commitments under a conventionProgramA longer-term and strategic arrangement of projects that aims at achieving large-scale impactsClimate Change Project Development 11

147、Agency would be best suited to develop and implement the project idea.This is an important decision since the Agency will be the partner at all stages of the project or program.3.3.1.2 Types of projectsThe GEF provides funding through four modalities:full-sized projects,medium-sized projects,enablin

148、g activities and programmatic approaches.The selected modality should be the one that best suits the project objectives.Each modality requires completion of a different template.Figure 3.2 illustrates GEF project types.3.3.1.3 Approval processesThe endorsement and approval of the countrys GEF Operat

149、ional Focal Point is necessary before the submission of the project proposal.The project approval processes are illustrated in Figure 3.3 and explained below.Step 1.The GEF approval process begins with the submission of a project or programme proposal by a developing country government or other elig

150、ible entity.A pre-selection process is used by the GEF to identify and prioritise suitable projects for admission to the formal project cycle.This process begins with the submission of a project or programme proposal,which is reviewed and evaluated by a team of technical experts.Based on this initia

151、l review,the proposal may be selected for further consideration or rejected.If the proposal is selected for further consideration,it is subjected to a more detailed analysis,including a costbenefit analysis,to assess its potential benefits,risks and costs.Based on the results of this analysis,the pr

152、oposal is either recommended for admission to the formal project cycle or rejected.Step 2.The Project Identification Form(PIF)is a document used by the Global Environment Facility(GEF)to assess the potential eligibility and viability of a proposed project or programme.It includes information on the

153、projects objectives,expected outcomes,and the environmental and development challenges it aims to address.The Project Preparation Grant(PPG)is a grant provided by the GEF to support the development of a project proposal.It can be used to fund activities such as feasibility studies,stakeholder consul

154、tation and the development of a detailed project design.To request a PPG,the project proponent must complete a PIF and submit it to the GEF for review.If the PIF is deemed eligible and meets the necessary criteria,the GEF may provide a PPG to support the further development of the project proposal.T

155、he PIF and PPG are important steps in the development of a project proposal for the GEF and are designed to ensure that the proposal is of high quality and aligns with the GEFs mandate and priorities.As mentioned above,the GEF supports projects related to biodiversity,climate change,international wa

156、ters,land degradation,the ozone layer and persistent organic pollutants.Step 3.The detailed funding proposal is submitted to GEF for consideration of funding.Detailed proposals include all the analysis and design necessary for the project.Step 4.The proposal is then reviewed and evaluated by a team

157、of technical experts,who assess its potential environmental,social and economic impacts,as well as its alignment with GEF policies and priorities.If the proposal is deemed eligible and meets the necessary criteria,it is presented to the GEF Council for consideration.The GEF Council decides on whethe

158、r to approve,partially approve or reject the proposal based on the recommendations of the technical experts and the Councils own assessment.If the proposal is approved,the GEF provides financial and technical support to the implementing entity to carry out the project or programme.3.3.1.4 GEF projec

159、t cycle for medium-sized projects(below USD 2 million)1.Medium-sized project(MSP)one step approval/No Project Identification Form required:The(MSP)request prepared by a partner agency is submitted to the respective GEF Operational Focal Point for endorsement.MSP approval requests are reviewed by the

160、 GEF Secretariat on a rolling basis.After reviewing an MSP request,the GEF Secretariat asks for additional information or rejects the proposal if it does not meet the approval criteria.The partner agency then submits the revised MSP approval request after incorporating any required further informati

161、on and comments.12 A Guiding Manual to Accessing International Climate Finance forthe Republic of Nauru If the criteria are still unmet and the response to the previous comments is not adequate,the GEF Secretariat requests further information.Once it is determined that the project proposal meets the

162、 GEF criteria,the decision is made by the GEF Chief Executive Officer(CEO)to approve the project or not.2.Medium-sized project two step approval:The partner agency at the request and in consultation with country institutions and relevant stakeholders submits the Project Identification Form(PIF)after

163、 endorsement of the GEF Operational Focal Point of the country.The partner agency may request a Project Preparation Grant.After reviewing the PIF,the GEF Secretariat asks for additional information or rejects the proposal if it does not meet the approval criteria.The agency incorporates the comments

164、 and submits a revised PIF.Once it is determined that the project proposal meets the GEF criteria,the decision is made by the GEF CEO to approve the PIF or not.After PIF approval,the MSP approval request and project proposal are prepared by the agency and submitted to the GEF Secretariat.The GEF Sec

165、retariat reviews the MSP approval request in conjunction with the approved PIF.The agency is required to submit a revised MSP in response to any comments.Once the MSP request is approved by the GEF Secretariat,it is sent to the CEO for approval.3.3.1.5 GEF project cycle for full-sized projects(over

166、USD 2 million)i.The project concept note prepared by the partner agency at the request and in consultation with country institutions and relevant stakeholders is to be submitted to the GEF Secretariat through the Project Identification Form(PIF)after endorsement by the countrys GEF Operational Focal

167、 Point.ii.The GEF Secretariat evaluates each qualified PIF,considering relevant GEF strategies,policies and guidelines,as well as provisions outlined in a review sheet which included review criteria,specific questions,Secretariat Comment at PIF(PFD)/Work Secretariat Comment At CEO Endorsement(FSP)/A

168、pproval(MSP)work program inclusion,which provides feedback to the agency.If the PIF is not in compliance with the criteria for approval,the GEF Secretariat either rejects the PIF or requests additional information.iii.The agency incorporates the comments and submits a revised PIF.Figure 3.3.GEF appr

169、oval process Source:Global Environment Facility(2020)Pre-selection to identify and prioritise suitable projects for admission to the formal project cyclePreparation of Project Identification Form(PIF)or requesting Project Preparation Grant(PPG)for development of project proposalSubmission of project

170、 proposals to GEF for endorsement of requested fundingReview of proposal by GEF considering agreed project criteria including country ownership,program and policy alignment etcClimate Change Project Development 13 If the criteria are still unmet and the response to the previous comments is not adequ

171、ate,the GEF Secretariat requests further information.If the revised PIF introduces new design and project elements that require further clarification or improvement.iv.After the GEF Secretariat approves the project proposal,the CEO determines whether to include the project in a work programme,which

172、is subsequently reviewed by the GEF Council.The GEF Council reviews and provides comments on the work programme prior to,during and within two weeks of each Council meeting.The GEF Council decides whether to exclude any PIF from the proposal or approve the entire work programme.v.After PIF approval

173、and before the deadline for submission of a complete endorsement request,the agency submits to the GEF Secretariat a CEO endorsement request and project document that is in a form as submitted to the agencys internal approving authorities:Included in the CEO endorsement request is a description of h

174、ow the GEF Council members comments have been considered.The GEF Secretariat reviews the CEO endorsement request and project document for consistency with the approved PIF,taking into consideration the relevant GEF strategies,policies and guidelines,including provisions set forth in a review sheet;a

175、nd to ensure that any comments provided by the GEF Council,the Scientific and Technical Advisory Panel,Convention secretariats and other agencies have been adequately addressed.vi.If the proposal is not in compliance with the specified criteria for the endorsement,the GEF Secretariat may ask for rev

176、ision.The agency then submits the revised CEO endorsement request and project document after incorporating the required information and comments.vii.The CEO endorses the project after the GEF Secretariat determines that the project proposal meets the required conditions.viii.After CEO endorsement,th

177、e agency approves the project following its own internal procedures and begins implementation.3.3.2 Green Climate Fund(GCF)The mandate of GCF is to promote a paradigm shift towards low-emission and climate-resilient development pathways by providing support to developing countries to limit or reduce

178、 their greenhouse gas emissions(mitigation)and to adapt to the impacts of climate change(adaptation).GCF is an operating entity of the Financial Mechanism of the UNFCCC under its Article 11 and contributes to the achievement of the ultimate objective of the UNFCCC,which is to stabilise greenhouse ga

179、s concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system.The GCF is accountable to and functions under the guidance of the Conference of the Parties(COP),which provides guidance on a yearly basis on policies,programme priorities an

180、d eligibility criteria that is then reflected in the GCF Programming frameworks accordingly(GCF Guidebook Series,Programming Manual,2020).GCF has made several windows available for financing and technical support,taking a programmatic approach to implementing climate actions.These include:i.funding

181、for adaptation and mitigation;ii.the Private Sector Facility,which includes pilot programmes for mobilising resources at scale and support to micro,small and medium-sized enterprises;iii.the Readiness and Preparatory Support Programme(which includes a Project Preparation Facility and a programme for

182、 national adaptation planning);iv.a REDD+(Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Developing Countries)results-based payment programme;and14 A Guiding Manual to Accessing International Climate Finance forthe Republic of Nauru v.an Enhanced Direct Access Programme,designed to

183、strengthen access for subnational,national and regional,public and private entities.3.3.2.1 GCF funding modalitiesGCF funding modalities are divided into the following five broad categories.1.Readiness and Preparatory Support Programme.The Readiness Programme is designed to assist developing countri

184、es to address weaknesses,challenges and gaps in institutional capacities,governance mechanisms,and planning and programming frameworks,so they can effectively engage with the GCF and make a meaningful contribution towards building climate resilience.2.Project Preparation Facility(PPF).The PPF is des

185、igned to assist accredited agencies,especially in developing countries,with financial and technical resources to develop programme and/or project proposals,including for Simplified Approval Process(SAP)financing(see below).It is aimed at providing support for access to funds within the micro to smal

186、l-sized categories.Accredited entities can access up to USD1.5 million following approval of their PPF application,with funding provided in the form of grants and repayable loans.3.Funding proposals.Through this modality,international,regional and national accredited entities can directly access fin

187、ancing from GCF for climate change projects and/or programmes.Accredited entities may submit proposals to the GCF at any time or when the GCF publishes a request for proposals.As funding proposals are partially funded by the GCF,proposals must clearly indicate a co-financing facility from a partner

188、organisation in the public or private sector.4.Simplified Approval Process(SAP).SAP financing is intended for small-scale projects or programmes that build on current initiatives,have identified solutions and technologies and that require financial contributions from the GCF of no more than USD10 mi

189、llion.It is also intended for projects with low environmental and social risks and impacts.5.Enhanced Direct Access(EDA).The EDA is GCFs pilot programme,aiming to provide direct access entities with the tools and resourcesnecessary to increase country ownership over projects and programmes.For EDA,a

190、 facility is established at the regional or national level that deals specifically with the financing of small-scale projects.EDA is only available for accredited direct access entities,as they frequently provide grants and use other innovative finance mechanisms like on-lending or blended finance.W

191、hen formulating a project or programme proposal for the GCF,there are two choices.The first is a one-step procedure in which the applicant develops the entire financing proposaland presents it to the GCF for review.The second is a recommended two-step procedure in which a concept note is prepared an

192、d presented for input before the preparation of a complete funding proposal,as the feedback received helps increase the chances of approval.At this stage,NDAs or Focal Points should be consulted for their endorsement and approval of the concept note.Without the intervention of an accredited entity,N

193、DAs or Focal Points can also submit their own concept notes.Following submission,the GCF Secretariat undertakes a preliminary evaluation and can either endorse,return with feedback or reject the concept note.Once the concept note is endorsed,the detailed funding proposal can be prepared and then sub

194、mitted to the GCF Secretariat,along with a no objection letter from the respective Focal Point of a particular NDA.3.3.2.2 GCF project life cycleThe GCF project activity cycle,as approved by the Board ,consists of the following key stages(GCF Guidebook Series,Programming Manual,2020.),as shown in Fi

195、gure 3.4.i.Country and accredited entity work programmesii.Targeted generation of projectsiii.Concept note submissioniv.Funding proposal developmentClimate Change Project Development 15v.Funding proposal reviewvi.Board approvalvii.Legal arrangementsIn addition,the following stages are related to por

196、tfolio management and implementation of GCF approved projects:viii.Monitoring for performance and complianceix.Adaptive managementx.Evaluation,learning and project closurePrior to the submission of a proposal to the GCF,a no objection letter is required which is issued by the relevant country NDA,Fo

197、cal Point.The NDA or Country Focal Point must ensure that the project is aligned with countrys priorities,plans,strategies and its sustainable development.The NDA also ensures that it is following national laws and regulations and in accordance with the GCFs environmental and social safeguards polic

198、y.The following are the life cycle steps for a GCF project.i.The project idea is approved via a domestic screening process.In Nauru,the DCCNR endorses the project idea.ii.A concept note is prepared and submitted to the GCF for review(the development of a concept note is optional but recommended).iii

199、.The accredited entity then develops a full funding proposal.iv.A no objection letter is obtained from the NDA on the full funding proposal.At this stage,efforts should be made to get indicative co-financing approved(including an allocation in the domestic budget if required).v.Once the funding prop

200、osal is submitted to the GCF Secretariat,with the required documents along with the no objection letter,the GCF Secretariat reviews the proposal and communicates its decision of GCF Board .Figure 3.4 GCF Funding proposal reviewAbbreviations:AE=accredited entity,NDA=National Designated Authority,ITAP

201、=Independent Technical Advisory Panel.Source:GCF Guidebook Series,Programming Manual(2020)16 A Guiding Manual to Accessing International Climate Finance forthe Republic of Nauru vi.The GCF approval process is as below:An initial assessment of the submitted proposal will be carried out by the GCF Sec

202、retariat,along with an evaluation of the technical specifications and required documents(including an impact assessment to ensure it meets the GCFs project standards).The GCF Secretariat will then undertake a detailed assessment of the project proposal,including assessing compliance with GCF investm

203、ent criteria and policies.It will subsequently present its findings,assessments and project proposal to the Independent Technical Advisory Panel(ITAP).The ITAP will evaluate the proposal against GCF investment criteria and may add conditions or recommendations.If the GCF Secretariat and/or ITAP deci

204、des modifications are necessary,the accredited entity and National Designated Authority will make changes to the proposal to incorporate the recommendations and provide additional information.Once the requirements are met,the funding proposal package is submitted to the GCF Board.The GCF Board,which

205、 typically meets three times a year,considers the proposal and can choose one of three decisions.i.approve fundingii.approve funding with conditions and/or requests for modifications;oriii.reject the proposal.3.3.3 Adaptation FundThe Adaptation Fund(AF)was established in 2001 to provide funding for

206、practical adaptation projects and programmes for Kyoto Protocol-signatory developing nations that are most susceptible to the adverse consequences of climate change.The Adaptation Fund is financed with a share of proceeds from Clean Development Mechanism(CDM)project activities and other sources of f

207、unding.With more than USD 1.1 billion allocated,the Adaptation Fund gives developing countries full ownership of adaptation projects,from planning through implementation,while ensuring monitoring and transparency at every step.Compared to traditional financing mechanisms,the AF approach contains inn

208、ovativefeatures,such as a mandate to give priority to the needs of particularly vulnerable populations,the opportunity for direct access to funds,and a relatively streamlined project cycle.So far,AF has allocated US$1.1 billion to climate adaptation activities,to 175 concrete,localised adaptation pr

209、ojects and 43 million beneficiaries in developing countries.73.3.3.1 Project sectors for the AdaptationFundThe Adaptation Fund finances climate adaptation projects in following nine diverse sectors.i.Agricultureii.Coastal zone managementiii.Disaster risk reductioniv.Disaster risk reduction and early

210、 warning systemsv.Ecosystem-based adaptationvi.Food securityvii.Forestsviii.Multisector projectsix.Rural developmentx.Urban developmentxi.Water management3.3.3.2 Adaptation Fund project cycleProjects and programmes must be submitted via implementing entities accredited by the AF Accreditation Panel,

211、while finances can be accessed via an accredited national implementing entity or a multilateral implementing entity.Entities must satisfy the fiduciary and legal requirements outlined in the AF operational guidelines in order to become AF accredited.While national government entities typically apply

212、 to the AF,civil society organisations may also be involved in project implementation.Prior to the submission of a proposal to the 7 https:/www.adaptation-fund.org/Climate Change Project Development 17AF,endorsement is required from the National Designated Authority,which endorses the proposal on be

213、half of the government.An overview of the project life cycle is presented below and in Figure 3.6.1.The implementing entities submit a fully developed project proposal or a concept note,as per the AF proposal templates.Along with the fully prepared project documents,a disbursement schedule with time

214、-bound milestones will be submitted.Proposals take place through the AF Secretariat to the Board,nine weeks before each AF Board meeting.2.The AF Secretariat will technically review and check the proposals alignment with criteria approved by the AF Board.The Project and Programme Review Committee(PP

215、RC)then evaluates the project proposal and a technical review is carried out by the AF Secretariat.Feedback is conveyed by the AF Secretariat on project proposals and it requests implementing entities to supply further information or clarification.The input received and the conclusions of the AF Sec

216、retariats technical review will be incorporated into the review template.3.Once requirements are fulfilled,the project proposals with technical reviews are sent to the PPRC by the AF Secretariat.The PPRC will evaluate the proposals and make a recommendation to the Board for a decision during the mee

217、ting;if necessary,the PPRC will consult with independent adaptation specialists.Figure 3.5.Adaptation Fund project life cycle All projects:annual status reports and terminal evaluation reportsSubmission of the project or programme to the AFB Secretariat using templates approved by the AFBReview by t

218、he Project and Programme Review Committee.Can use services of independent expertsContracting by the AFB.Disbursement of funds by the trustee upon written instructions by the AFBProject implementation and monitoring by the Implementing EntityScreening for consistency and technical review by the Secre

219、tariatDecision-making by the AFBABCDEFSource:Adaptation Fund(2016)18 A Guiding Manual to Accessing International Climate Finance forthe Republic of Nauru In the case of concepts,the Board may endorse,reject or not endorse a proposal,with a clear explanation to the implementing entities.In case of fu

220、lly developed proposals,the Board can approve,not approve or reject a proposal with a clear explanation.Rejected proposals cannot be resubmitted.3.3.4 Climate Investment Fund(CIF)The Climate Investment Fund was created to provide concessional finance and scale up climate pilot initiatives in develop

221、ing countries.The more than USD10 billion Climate Investment Funds(CIF)promotes changes in clean technology,energy availability,climate resilience and sustainable forestry in low-and middle-income countries.The large-scale,affordable and long-term funding provided by the CIF reduces the risk and exp

222、ense of climate financing.In order to open up new financial possibilities,the CIF evaluates new business ideas,establishes a track record in unproven markets and inspires investor confidence.Since only multilateral development banks(MDBs)have access to CIF money and serve as implementing partners,th

223、ere is no requirement for accreditation.The World Bank Group,including the International Finance Corporation,the African Development Bank,the Asian Development Bank,the European Development Bank,and the Inter-American Development Bank,are the implementing partners of the CIFs investments.3.3.4.1 Cli

224、mate Investment Funds ProgrammesThe CIF Programmes are summarised below.i.Accelerating Coal Transition Investment Program.This offers a comprehensive toolkit to support countries in transitioning away from coal.It builds local support to reconsider the development of new coal plants and accelerate t

225、he retirement of existing coal assets.ii.Clean Technology Fund.This fund supports fossil fuel-dependent countries with the deployment of low-carbon technologies with significant potential for reducing long-term greenhouse gas emissions.It provides concessional financing to large-scale renewable ener

226、gy,energy efficiency and sustainable transport projects.South Americas first geothermal power plant is one of its many projects.3.Global Energy Storage Program.As a funding window under the Clean Technology Fund,this programme supports clean energy storage technologies to expand the integration of r

227、enewable energy into developing countries.Funding from this programme is expected to mobilise a further USD2 billion in private and public investments.iv.Forest Investment Program.This tackles deforestation and forest degradation by empowering indigenous groups and developing countries to sustainabl

228、y manage their natural resources and preserve the forest as a carbon sink.In Burkina Faso,which has lost 22 per cent of its forest cover since 1990,one of the three interventions under this programme is expected to prevent 6.87 million total carbon dioxide content(tCO2)of emissions.v.Industry Decarb

229、onisation Program.This programme supports middle-income countries,where industries constitute a growing share of their overall emissions,by aiming to decarbonise industrial practices and change behaviours in the sector.vi.Nature People and Climate Program.This aims to harness the land management exp

230、erience and capacities of indigenous groups for climate action and to accelerate sustainable practices.At the same time,it seeks to work alongside key national,regional and local stakeholders to adapt to climate change across a diversity of land uses and ecosystems and mitigate its effects.vii.Pilot

231、 Program for Climate Resilience.This programme supports the worlds most vulnerable countries in integrating climate resilience into strategic development planning and then implementing the plans through innovative climate solutions.For example,in Jamaica and five other Caribbean nations,this program

232、me is enhancing their disaster risk management abilities.viii.Renewable Energy Integration Program.This programme supports fossil fuel-dependent economies by enabling them Climate Change Project Development 19to integrate renewable energy into their economies.The support can include funding projects

233、,such as enhancing existing infrastructure to be renewable energy-ready,or addressing potential regulatory barriers to a smooth transition.Scaling up Renewable Energy Program in Low Income Countries:This supports the deployment of renewable energy solutions,such as solar,geothermal and wind,in order

234、 to increase energy access for the many global communities that have no access to power.The programme is one of the biggest global funders of mini-grids,with projects in 14 countries.ix.Smart Cities Program:This program will help countries undergoing challenges from rapid urbanisation to support the

235、ir newly emerging cities,while they are still in development,by ensuring that their growth is managed in climate-smart,green,inclusive and sustainable ways.3.3.4.2 Climate Investment Fund project life cycleA brief overview of the CIF project life cycle is provided below.i.Endorsement of investment p

236、lans by the Trust Fund Committee:The CIF administrative unit and the MDB committee recommend the investment plans.ii.The Trust Fund Committee is mandated to approve the funding proposals as submitted by the MDBs.iii.Approval of projects is carried out by the Trust Fund Committee.iv.MDB approval of p

237、rojects:When a project has reached the MDB Boards approval stage,next steps are guided by that specific MDBs policies and standards.3.3.5 Other international climate finance instrumentsThere are several other international climate finance instruments that target specific sectors and are available to

238、 various countries around the world.We divide them into three categories according to the activities they support below:that is,readiness,investments and results-based payments.Details of the major international climate funds is provided in Chapter 6.1.Readiness.Readiness activities may include poli

239、cy mapping and analysis,Institutional capacity building,measurement,reporting and verification(MRV),baseline setting,methodological framework and other enabling-environment activities related to climate change.The following funds support such activities.i.Partnership for Market Readiness(PMR)ii.CPF

240、Readiness Fund(CADF)iii.Forest Carbon Partnership Facility(FCPF)Readiness Fundiv.Carbon Initiative for Development(Ci-Dev)Readiness Fundv.BioCarbon Fund Initiative for Sustainable Forest Landscapes(BioCF ISFL)vi.Pilot Program for Climate Resilience(PPCR)I/IIvii.Global Environment Facilityviii.Ozone

241、Trust Fund(OTF)ix.Global Fund for Disaster Risk Reduction and Recovery(GFDRR)x.Korean Green Growth Trust Fund(KGGTF)xi.Climate Finance Assistance(CF-Assist)2.Investments.Investments take the form of loan/credit grant guarantee equity.The following funds support such activities.i.Clean Technology Fun

242、d(CTF)ii.Forest Investment Programme(FIP)iii.Scaling-up Renewable Energy Programme(SREP)iv.Pacific Coast Community Resources International(PCCRI)20 A Guiding Manual to Accessing International Climate Finance forthe Republic of Nauru v.Global Environment Facility(GEF)vi.Adaptation Fund(AF)vii.Interna

243、tional Finance Corporation(IFC)-Canada Climate Change Programmeviii.Green Climate Fund(GCF)3.Result-based payments.Carbon credits,including REDD+,carbon-linked mitigation results .The following funds support such activitiesi.CPF Carbon Fundii.FPCF Carbon Fundiii.Ci-Dev Carbon Fundiv.BioCF-Sustainabl

244、e Forest Landscapes(ISFL)v.Pilot Action Facility for Methane(PAF)vi.Transformative Carbon Asset Facility(TCAF)Climate Finance Readiness 214.Climate Finance ReadinessReadiness activities refer to the processes that can enhance the capacity of developing countries to access,allocate and spend climate

245、finance,and also monitor and report on the impact of such actions.Readiness activities are driven by national needs and circumstances.Some areas for which countries can get climate readiness finance are shown in Figure 4.1,while a conceptual framework for understanding climate finance readiness is s

246、hown in Figure 4.2.Countries can also obtain technical support from climate finance sources for climate readinessprogrammes and projects.4.1 GCF Readiness Support ProgrammeThe GCF Readiness Support Programme aims at enhancing country ownership and access during early stages by providing funds for re

247、adiness and preparatory activities.The GCF(the Fund)empowers developing countries through a dedicated and cross-cutting programme intended to maximise the effectiveness of the Fund during the early stages of operationalisation.Activities to improve a countrys involvement with the Fund through readin

248、ess and preparatory support are not one-time fixes but rather a continuous,iterative process.Nauru and other developing nations are able to get the preparatory support that is best suited to their needs and circumstances.In order to establish and carry out a transformational long-term climate change

249、 agenda,the Readiness and Preparatory Support Programme offers GCF resources to enhance institutional capacities,planning and programming frameworks,and governance procedures.For assistance with institutional capacity building,co-ordination,policy and planning,and investment programming,each country

250、 may receive up to USD1 million annually.NDAs/Focal Points may ask for up to USD300,000 per year in direct funding from this total in order to develop or strengthen their NDAs or Focal Points and meet the Funds requirements.Moreover,USD3 million can be provided per nation for the development of a Na

251、tional Adaptation Plan(NAP)and for other adaptation processes.As the demands for readiness change over time,several proposals may be submitted within these financial limits over several years.Additionally,GCF accredited organisations and/or delivery partners can implement numerous readiness proposal

252、s for all activities(including adaptation planning),allowing for customised support depending on their comparative advantage.According to each countrys unique requirements and circumstances,the Readiness and Preparatory Programme is intended to be a flexible instrument to provide them with support.T

253、he NDA should Figure 4.1.Readiness finance focus areas Source:GCF Readiness Programme,www.greenclimate.fund/readiness(2020a)Strengthening Institutions and Governance MechanismsInitiatives aimed at enhancing the capacity of governmental stakeholders,such as departments dealing with climate change and

254、 subnational governments,private sector stakeholders and civil society organisations.Policy EnvironmentIncludes the national policy regimes,long-term strategies(e.g.NDCs and NAPs)and measures to overcome market,technology,regulatory and other barriers.Information,Data and KnowledgeIncludes assessmen

255、ts of the national climate change context;capturing,storingand sharing climate-relevant information;establishment of MRV systems;and ensuring informed planning and decision-making.Pipeline DevelopmentIncludes investment prioritisation methods,de-risking tools and methods,development of proposals for

256、 submission to climate funds and the identifi cation and assessment of pilot projects.22 A Guiding Manual to Accessing International Climate Finance forthe Republic of Nauru strategically assess the countrys readiness and preparatory needs,which involves asking questions like:What support is require

257、d to prepare a long-term climate strategy?What are the existing knowledge and data gaps?What assistance is required to implement the priorities specified in the NDC,NAP and other national climate change strategies?What are the existing barriers in accessing scaled-up finance across priority sectors,

258、including technology deployment and utilising and scaling private sector investment?How can institutions at the national and subnational levels be strengthened to carry out mitigation and adaptation initiatives,including by gaining direct access to the GCF and leveraging new and innovative financial

259、 mechanisms?How can the country increase:a.funding from multiple financial streams for climate action?b.coherence of programming processes in order to achievelong-term low-emissions and climate-resilient development?The government of a country can be provided with readiness and preparatory support t

260、hrough an intermediary(such as an international entity)or via a domestic government organisation(if it is a GCF-accredited entity or delivery partner).The delivery partners must comply with management capacities and requirements evaluated through a Financial Management Capacity Assessment(FMCA)carri

261、ed out by the GCF.Figure 4.2.Conceptual framework for climate finance readiness Source:Nakhooda and Calland(2012)Climate Finance Readiness 234.1.1 Theory of change for a readiness proposalA theory of change is an important theme to access any international climate finance.A project implements activi

262、ties,which produce outputs,resulting in outcomes to achieve a broader climate target.For a project to receive funding,it is essential to demonstrate the impacts of climate change.The theory of change clearly presents the intended results and the changes necessary to achieve them.A theory of change t

263、hat explains how a proposed intervention will transform a development pathway toward low-emission and/or climate-resilient development is detailed in Table 4.1.As part of the readiness proposal template,NDAs and delivery partners are asked to include a diagram and clearly explain the theory of chang

264、e.When a readiness proposal is formally submitted,the GCF Secretariat conducts an initial evaluation that is guided by the checklist of questions in Table 4.2.The checklist is not a scorecard;rather,it is a tool to guide the technical review process and identify the parts of a proposal that may need

265、 to be improved before approval.The questions provided here are simply for guiding purposes.The checklist will assist NDAs and delivery partners to draft and submit high-quality proposals,but it is not a list of all the components an approved proposal must include.Table 4.1.Theory of change for read

266、iness proposalGoalThe goal is an impact-level change that the grant activities will contribute to achieving.In the context of the Readiness Programme,it is important to always consider how the goal is aligned with the five Readiness Programme objectives.Goal statementThe goal statement is structured

267、 in the IF THEN BECAUSE format and explains the causal linkages between the outcomes,outputs and the goal that the grant will help achieve(for example,IF the Country builds enabling institutional,planning and programming environments for adaptation at the national and subnational level,THEN the Coun

268、try will be able to identify,design and implement adaptation investments in line with national priorities BECAUSE knowledge on key vulnerabilities will be generated and shared,feeding into effective co-ordination mechanisms and investment plans for resilience.)OutcomesAn outcome statement describes

269、longer-term and specific changes in conditions,policies or organisational structure with these measured a year or several years after project completion.OutputsAn output statement highlights what the readiness proposal intends to achieve in the short term due to activities.NDAs and partners should d

270、evelop outputs that,taken together,can lead to the desired outcomes.InputsInputs refer to the national climate priorities(for example,NDCs,country programme),deliverables of previous grants,and other information(for example,needs assessments)that will contribute to the effective implementation of gr

271、ant activities.BarriersProposals should indicate the perceived and potential barriers that could prevent progress or advancement against the stated outcomes of the intended activities.Assumptions and riskAssumptions are the necessary conditions(for example,inter-ministerial buy-in)that need to be in

272、 place or complementary actions(for example,successful recruitment of consultants)to ensure that the proposed activities are successfully implemented to achieve the stated outcomes.Risks are the potential or perceived events that will prohibit the efficient and effective implementation of proposed a

273、ctivities(for example,natural disasters risk disrupting implementation).Source:GCF(2020)24 A Guiding Manual to Accessing International Climate Finance forthe Republic of Nauru 4.2 GCF Project Preparation Facility(PPF)As previously mentioned,the GCF provides a Project Preparation Facility(PPF)that he

274、lps in converting a concept note into a complete funding proposal.All accredited entities have access to the facility,although direct access entities submitting projects in the micro-to small-sized categories(up to USD 10 million)are given preference.The financing is given up to USD 1.5 million or 1

275、0 per cent of the GCF funding requested,whichever is lower.For projects in the micro-to-small size categories,the GCF Secretariat will accept PPF requests from all accredited entities,especially those accredited as direct access entities.The accredited entity will be responsible for the preparation

276、and submission of PPF requests,as well as for providing a no objection letter from the NDA or focal point to the Secretariat.4.2.1 PPF approval processThe steps for getting PPF approval through the GCF are given below.i.The accredited entity will develop and submit PPF requests and no objection lett

277、ers after consulting with the GCF Secretariat and NDA.ii.For consideration by the Executive Director ,the Secretariat will evaluate the PPF request against the GCFs investment criteria,a justification of needs and compliance with relevant GCF policies.iii.The Executive Director or designee will appr

278、ove the decision to fund a PPF request.At each GCF Board meeting,the Secretariat will provide details on PPF requests received,approved and those under implementation.4.2.2 Eligible activities for financing under the PPFThe following activities can be eligible for financing under the PPF.Pre-feasibi

279、lity studies and project design(including baseline data,technical studies and detailed designs,financial and economic analysis,etc.).Environmental,social and gender studies(including environmental and social impact assessments,environmental and social management plans,resettlement action plans,and g

280、ender assessment and action plans).Risk assessment(including technical,institutional,operational,financial,social and environmental components).Identification of programme-and project-level indicators aligned with the results management framework of the GCF and support for the monitoring and evaluat

281、ion of impacts.Pre-contract services of the project tender document,selection of contractors,as well as revision of tender documents,consultancy services etc.Advisory services and/or other services required to financially structure the proposed activity.Other project preparation activities where nec

282、essary and with sufficient justification.4.3 Assessing Naurus capacity development needsThe literature reviewed in this guiding manual shows that Nauru needs to consider the following points,along with carrying out a detailed capacity needsassessment.i.There is an urgent need to integrate climate ch

283、ange into policy and planning processes and especially to integrate climate budget tagging and tracking into the countrys financial processes to highlight the investments being made by Nauru on climate change adaptation and mitigation.This will help to build a strong case for getting international c

284、limate finance and create opportunities in co-financing climate change projects through international climate finance funds.ii.Institutions in Nauru aiming to get funds through international climate finance need to have strong fiduciary standards,environmental and social safeguards,gender policies,a

285、nd their integration in project planning and implementation.Climate Finance Readiness 25iii.Nauru needs to build the capacity of its human resources in developing project proposals that meet the standards of international climate finance funds.Capacity building should also be done for implementing t

286、he climate change projects fulfilling the international quality standards of implementation,monitoring and evaluation(M&E),keeping financial transparency as priority.Additionally,a helpful first step is to build a knowledge base inside the National Designated Authority(NDA)on national priorities,str

287、ategies and plans for climate policies.Along with improved internal capabilities,this will enable the NDA to arrange training for other national stakeholders as and whenneeded.In conducting a detailed institutional capacity assessment,the country should consider the five key areas illustrated in Fig

288、ure 4.3.4.4 Accreditation processesEntities that want to be accredited must show they can manage the GCFs resources in compliance with the standards and requirements outlined in the accreditation application.These institutions must go through an accreditation process in order to get funding.The proc

289、ess is meant to determine whether the institutions can effectively manage their finances and safeguard funded projects and programmes.Organisations that are recognised as having specialisedskills and capacitiesin advancing climate action are eligible to apply for accreditation.These entities can be

290、public,private or civil society organisations,as well as international,regional or national organisations.These entities should have climate change plans that are clear,actionable and designed to enhance both mitigation and adaptation measures.They must also meet the Funds financial,environmental,so

291、cial and gender standards.Accredited entities that develop funding proposals are often in charge of overseeing,supervising,managing and monitoring their respective approved projects and programmes.4.4.1 Green Climate Fund(GCF)accreditation processThe Fund works through a wide range of entities to ch

292、annel its resources to projects and programmes.Such entities may be international,regional,national or subnational;and public,private or non-governmental institutions that meet the standards of the Fund.Countries may access the Fund through multiple entities simultaneously.Through the three-stage ac

293、creditation process and a fit-for-purpose approach,entities are accredited for certain fiduciary functions,size of project/Figure 4.3.Key areas for institutional capacity assessmentResourcesWhat is the level of budgetary,human resources and infrastructure available for addressing climate change issu

294、es?GovernanceIs there a clear mandate,mission and commitment to address climate change?M&E and learningHow are climate change actions monitored,feedback gathered from stakeholders and systems evaluated for further improvement?Information,data and analysisIs there capacity to collect,generate and mon

295、itor quality information as well as access to ensure its use?PlanningWhat existing processes,procedures and tools are in place to integrate climate change into planning?26 A Guiding Manual to Accessing International Climate Finance forthe Republic of Nauru activity within a programme,and environment

296、al and social risk categories.The fee for the accreditation application is paid by the entity once the application is submitted .After accreditation,an accredited entity can submit project and/or programme proposals for funding.4.4.1.1 Accreditation standardsThe Green Climate Fund(GCF)accreditation

297、process is designed to assess the ability to manage funds in compliance with GCFs fiduciary standards,as well as to manage the environmental and social risks that may arise during the project.Entities seeking accreditation will be assessed against the Funds gender policy,as well as other GCF policie

298、s and standards.The list of accreditation policy and standards are as follows.An initial fiduciary principle and standard.A policy on the protection of whistleblowers and witnesses.A policy on prohibited practices.An anti-money laundering and countering the financing of terrorism policy.Environmenta

299、l and social policies.An interim environmental and social safeguard.An information disclosure policy.A gender policy.4.4.1.2 Accreditation typesThere are two types of GCF accredited entities,based on access modalities:direct access entities and international access entities.The access modalities are

300、 shown in Figure 4.4.International access entities:Theseinclude regional organisations,international financial institutions,multilateral development banks and UN agencies.The GCF considers that these organisations have the wide reachand knowledge necessary to address a range of climate change concer

301、ns,particularly those that cut beyond national boundaries and thematic areas.Nominations from NDAs or Focal Points are not required for international access entities.Direct access entities:These are subnational,national or regional organisations that require NDAs or Focal Points to nominate them.Nom

302、inated organisations may then be eligible for GCF readiness support.Readiness funding is designed to assist entities with accreditation,as well as help strengthen the organisational capacities of already-accredited organisations.The enhanced direct access method enables non-accredited entities to re

303、ceive climate financing.Entities in Nauru must take the following steps if they are to be accredited to GCF.Figure 4.4.GCF access modalities International accessInternational implementingentitiesNational implementingentitiesRegional implementingentitiesSub-regional implementing entitiesDirect access

304、Climate Finance Readiness 27i.Submit a letter of interest to the NDA,along with a complete profile.ii.Receive approval from the NDA,DCCNR,Government of Nauru.iii.Obtain a nomination letter from NDA,DCCNR,Government of Nauru.iv.Submit a completed application through the GCF Online Accreditation Syste

305、m(OAS).4.4.1.3 GCF application processThe application process for accreditation to the Green Climate Fund is presented in Figure 4.5.It is recommended that entities use the GCF self-assessment tool8 before initiating the accreditation application.The steps involved in the process are explained below

306、.Stage 1(S-1)Completeness check:In order for the GCF Secretariat to review all the supporting documentation and verify that the information is accurate,the applicant requests access to the GCF Online Accreditation System(OAS),fills out the accreditation application form,uploads the necessary support

307、ing documents and submits the application.The GCF Secretariat may request more details or explanations from the applicant on the 8 See:https:/www.greenclimate.fund/accreditation/self-assessment-questionnaireapplication form and its answers to questions via the OAS.Once the application is complete,St

308、age 2 can commence.Stage 2(S-2)Review and decision:The application and the data presented during S-1 are reviewed by the Accreditation Panel(AP).The applicant may be asked to provide clarifications or more information by the AP.The applicant should be prepared to quickly respond to these questions a

309、nd provide the required additional information.The AP then submits the documents and final recommendation to the GCF Board once it is satisfied with the application.The Board considers the APs recommendations and decides whether to approve the application and accredit the entity.Stage 3(S-3)Legal ar

310、rangements:Once the application has been approved by the Board,the Accreditation Master Agreement,negotiated between the prospective accredited entity and the GCF,is signed.4.4.2 Adaptation Fund accreditation processThe Adaptation Fund(AF)certification procedure ensures that the applicant will adher

311、e to the AFs fiduciary and safeguard standards.The applicant is assessed as part of the accreditation process to ensure that it complies with sound Figure 4.5.GCF application process Source:https:/www.greenclimate.fund/accreditation/process(2020)Obtain nomination letter from NDAS-1:request access to

312、 the Online Accreditation System(OAS)S-1:complete OAS application(upload documents)and submit application and pay feesS-1:institutional assessment and completion(GCF Secretariat reviews application and sends enquiriesWhen application is complete,it is forwarded to the Accreditation Panel(AP)S-2:Accr

313、editation Panel(AP)reviews application and sends enquiries to applicantWhen application is complete,AP makes recommendation to the boardBoard decision to accreditate or not to the applicantS-3:If approved,continue to legal arrangements:signing Accreditation Master Agreement(AMA)28 A Guiding Manual t

314、o Accessing International Climate Finance forthe Republic of Nauru Table 4.2.Checklist for GCF readiness proposal quality assurance SECTION 1 SummaryYes/No1Is the objective of the proposed support clearly described?2Have the gaps and challenges been identified and mitigation measures included in the

315、 proposal?3Is there a clear statement defining the intended beneficiaries of the proposal?SECTION 2 Situation analysis4Is the institutional,policy and programming context of the project described?5Does the section contain a clear definition of the problem(s)to be addressed by readiness support?6Does

316、 the section include a description of how the proposed support will be delivered in complementarity with other readiness support,including support from other development partners?SECTION 3 Logical framework7Are the outcomes drawn directly from the Board-approved list of outcomes?8Are the outputs cle

317、arly specified and linked to the relevant outcome?9Are the baseline and targets set with clarity and are they measurable?10Do the planned activities have a clear link to the relevant outputs?11Are the activities accompanied by specific and tangible deliverables?SECTION 4 Theory of change12Does the p

318、roposal contain both a theory of change diagram and a narrative?13Is the theory of change in an acceptable format and does it contain necessary elements,as described in the template/guiding manual?SECTION 5 Budget,procurement,implementation and disbursement14Is the budget prepared as per the templat

319、e?15Is the delivery partner fee budgeted within the approved fee cap(8.5%)?16Is the project management cost budgeted within the approved cap with a detailed cost breakdown(7.5%)?17Is the budget plan in sync with the implementation schedule and activities proposed?18Is the procurement plan prepared a

320、s per the recommended template?19Are consultant positions stated in the procurement plan accompanied by number of working days and daily rate?20Has the implementation period been clearly spelled out in the proposal?21Has an implementation schedule with activities,milestones,deliverables and timeline

321、s been provided?22Is the disbursement schedule in sync with the implementation schedule?SECTION 6 Implementation arrangements and other information6.1 Implementation arrangements23Is the implementation arrangement clearly spelled out,with clear roles and responsibilities of all stakeholders involved

322、?24Does the implementation arrangement outline the role of the NDA/Focal Point?25Is there a graphic mapping the organisations involved,the flow of funds and the flow of information between the parties involved?(Continued)Climate Finance Readiness 29accreditation requirements and that it has put in p

323、lace efficient risk management,social and environmental safeguards to increase the efficacy and sustainability of results.4.4.2.1 Adaptation Fund accreditation application stepsi.Nomination:A designated authority identifies and nominates an entity that meets the accreditation standards as an impleme

324、nting entity.Prior to applying for accreditation,a national implementing entity must be nominated by its respective government.6.2 Implementation and execution roles and responsibilities26Is there a clear distinction between entities/individuals involved in implementation and those involved in execu

325、tion?27Is there an explanation of the roles and qualifications of technical staff and consultants to be procured for completion of activities,such as terms of reference?6.3 Risks and mitigation measures28Does the proposal provide information on any prior relationship between the delivery partner and

326、 the NDA?29Will any existing operating manuals or similar documents of the NDA and/or delivery partner be used as part of the implementation arrangements?6.4 Monitoring30Are the monitoring and reporting requirements and the responsible party clearly spelled out?31Does the proposal contain a mechanis

327、m for monitoring and evaluation?6.5 Other relevant information32Is there a sustainability/exit plan in place to capture lessons learned and knowledge?33Does the proposal provide a mechanism to transfer skills and knowledge to the NDA or other relevant national stakeholders?Source:GCF(2020)Figure 4.6

328、.Adaptation Fund accreditation processSource:Adaptation Fund(2015)NominationApplicationReview by accreditation panelScreening by the AF board secretariatAccreditation board approval30 A Guiding Manual to Accessing International Climate Finance forthe Republic of Nauru A regional implementing entity

329、must have a letter of support from at least two of the countries in which it operates,whereas multilateral implementing entities are invited by the AF Board to apply for accreditation and do not need an endorsement letter.ii.Application:Through the AFs online accreditation workflow system,the nomina

330、ted entity submits an accreditation application and any necessary supporting documents(once a nomination letter is received,then access is granted to submit the application).iii.Screening by the AF Board Secretariat:The application is initially screened by the Board Secretariat;it requests any missi

331、ng information before forwarding the application to the Accreditation Panel for review.iv.Review by the Accreditation Panel:Prior to making a final decision,the Panel contacts the applicant directly to address any concerns or potential gaps in the application.It then advises the Board whether to app

332、rove the application.v.Accreditation Board approval:Once the review has been finalised by the Accreditation Panel,the Board either approves the accreditation request or stipulates that it requires further information before making its decision.Ultimately,the Board decides whether to accredit or not

333、based on the Panels assessment and recommendation.4.4.2.2 Re-accreditation processThe Adaptation Funds accreditation is valid for five years.A re-accreditation application must be submitted electronically through the accreditation workflow system at least nine months before the current accreditation expires.An implementing entity is not permitted to submit new project proposals after its accredita