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1、A PORTRAIT OF THE GLOBAL PATENT LANDSCAPE IN QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIESWHITEPAPER|JANUARY 2025QuIC|WHITEPAPER A PORTRAIT OF THE GLOBAL PATENT LANDSCAPE IN QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIES2TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 41 GLOBAL PATENT FAMILY LANDSCAPE OFQUANTUM TECHNOLOGIES 52 COMPARISON WITH LAST YEARS WHITE PAPER

2、93 DETAILED ANALYSIS IMPROVED CORPUS 134 SITUATION BY COUNTRY/REGION 185 EUROPEAN LEADERS BASED ON THE NUMBER OF PATENT FAMILIES 24 CONCLUSIONS 27 REFERENCES&BIBLIOGRAPHY 28 GLOSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONS 29 DEFINITIONS 30 APPENDIX A:CREATING THE CORPORA OF PATENTS AND PATENT APPLICATIONS 31QuIC|WHITEPAP

3、ER A PORTRAIT OF THE GLOBAL PATENT LANDSCAPE IN QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIES3ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThis white paper was prepared by the QuIC IP&Trade Working Group.The main contributors were Jrme Plant-Bordeneuve(Thales),Erik Visscher(De Vries&Metman),Guido Paola(Quantum Delta NL),Nataliia Darmenko(EY),Magdalena

4、Hauser(Parity Quantum Computing),Alexandra Paul(Pasqal).QuIC|WHITEPAPER A PORTRAIT OF THE GLOBAL PATENT LANDSCAPE IN QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIES4INTRODUCTIONIMPORTANT NOTES1 The reader should take into account that there is an 18-month delay between the date of first filing and the date of first publicatio

5、n.In other words,this study includes only patent families with a first filing before 1January 2023.2 The first study,released in January 2024,was based on alive patents and patent applications that were published before 30 June 2023,that is to say with a first filing before 1 January 2022.3 A patent

6、 family is a collection of patent applications covering the same or similar technical content.The applications in a family are related to each other through priority claims.(EPO website).4 For this study,Europe refers to“Geographical Europe”:the 27 EU countries plus the United Kingdom,Switzerland,No

7、rway and Iceland.GOALThis white paper presents an overview of the patent landscape in Quantum Technologies,with a more detailed analysis of the situation in Quantum Computing,Quantum Communication and Quantum Sensing.The analysis is based on alive patents and patent applications that were published

8、before 30 June 2024 1.This is the second edition of this white paper,following the one released in January 2024 1,which was based on alive patents and patent applications that were published before 30 June 2023 2.As such,this new study provides the opportunity to evaluate the situation in terms of p

9、atent families 3 and the changes over this period.This study also focuses on the European position 4 in relation to the USA and China,and identifies the main European players in Quantum Technology.This study includes the following topics:Comparison with last years white paper Analysis of the main pl

10、ayers Focus on the situation in EuropePlease note that the Quantum Technology domain is currently highly dynamic in terms of invention filings and accordingly the number of patent families may be evolving quite significantly.QuIC|WHITEPAPER A PORTRAIT OF THE GLOBAL PATENT LANDSCAPE IN QUANTUM TECHNO

11、LOGIES51 GLOBAL PATENT FAMILY LANDSCAPE OFQUANTUM TECHNOLOGIESThe details related to the creation of the corpus of patent families are provided in Appendix A.The figure 1 below shows the numbers of patent families and the respective weights for each of the three segments:Quantum Computing Quantum Co

12、mmunication(Quantum Cryptography and Quantum Information Networks)Quantum SensingFigure 1:number&weight of patent families byQuantum Technology segmentQuantum Computing and Quantum Communication are noticeably stronger than Quantum Sensing.This effect is also clear from the graph of first filings by

13、 priority date:Figure 2:global segmentation number of patent families by priority dateThe average growth per year is quite strong with around 31%overall for the 20172022 period,slowly decreasing during the last year.For Quantum Computing,the average growth over this period is as much as 44%,increasi

14、ng to 50%last year.Figure 3(PAGE 6)shows the main players based on the number of patent families,identified by country/region of origin for the USA,China,Europe,Japan.Quantum Computing:6897|44%Quantum Communication:6542|42%Quantum Sensing:2088|14%87901321391632122962861912604066288038431013116212616

15、726948370510561378165603000250020001500100050020152016201720182019202020212022 Quantum Computing Quantum Communication Quantum Sensing QuIC|WHITEPAPER A PORTRAIT OF THE GLOBAL PATENT LANDSCAPE IN QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIES6Figure 3:global segmentation number of alive patent families by main players by cou

16、ntry6005004003002001000IBMORIGIN QUANTUM COMPUTING TECHNOLOGY HEFEIQUANTUMCTEKBEIJING BAIDU NETCOM SCIENCE&TECHNOLOGYMICROSOFT TECHNOLOGY LICENSINGUNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE&TECHNOLOGY OF CHINATOSHIBA GOOGLEBEIJING UNIVERSITY OF POSTS&.TSINGHUA UNIVERSITYBENYUAN QUANTUM COMPUTING TECHNOLOGYRUBAN QUANTUM

17、TECHNOLOGYNECMATRICTIME DIGITAL TECHNOLOGYINTELNANJING UNIVERSITY OF POSTS&NATIONAL QUANTUM COMMUNICATIONHUAWEIRED HATFUJITSUSHANGHAI INSTITUTE OF MICROSYSTEM&.QUDOOR TECHNOLOGIESIONQNORTHROP GRUMMAN SYSTEMSSHANDONG INSTITUTE OF QUANTUM SCIENCESGCC-STATE GRID CORPORATION OF CHINACAS QUANTUM NETWORKN

18、IPPON TELEGRAPH&TELEPHONERIGETTIMIT-MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGYNATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF DEFENSE TECHNOLOGYNANJING LIKE QUANTUM TECHNOLOGYQUANTINUUMSOOCHOW UNIVERSITYD-WAVE SYSTEMSHEFEI ORIGIN QUANTUM CALCULATING TECHNOLOGYCHINA TELECOM QUANTUM TECHNOLOGYHITACHINANJING UNIVERSITYCENTRAL SOUTH

19、 UNIVERSITYBEIJING ACADEMY OF QUANTUM.INFORMATIONPLA STRATEGIC SUPPORT UNIT INFORMATIONANHUI ASKY QUANTUM TECHNOLOGYALIBABA HOLDINGANHUI GUOSHENG QUANTUM TECHNOLOGYGUANGDONG INCUBATOR TECHNOLOGYTURING QBEIHANG UNIVERSITY OF AERONAUTICS&UNIVERSITY BEIJINGCNRS-CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHESHANXI UNI

20、VERSITY OF SCIENCE&TECHNOLOGYSOUTH CHINA NORMAL UNIVERSITYJINAN INSTITUTE OF QUANTUM TECHNOLOGYIQM FINLAND USA China Japan Europe Canada QuIC|WHITEPAPER A PORTRAIT OF THE GLOBAL PATENT LANDSCAPE IN QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIES7Figure 4:global segmentation number of alive patent families by main players by d

21、omain6005004003002001000IBMORIGIN QUANTUM COMPUTING TECHNOLOGY HEFEIQUANTUMCTEKBEIJING BAIDU NETCOM SCIENCE&TECHNOLOGYMICROSOFT TECHNOLOGY LICENSINGUNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE&TECHNOLOGY OF CHINATOSHIBA GOOGLEBEIJING UNIVERSITY OF POSTS&.TSINGHUA UNIVERSITYBENYUAN QUANTUM COMPUTING TECHNOLOGYRUBAN QUANTUM

22、 TECHNOLOGYNECMATRICTIME DIGITAL TECHNOLOGYINTELNANJING UNIVERSITY OF POSTS&NATIONAL QUANTUM COMMUNICATIONHUAWEIRED HATFUJITSUSHANGHAI INSTITUTE OF MICROSYSTEM&.QUDOOR TECHNOLOGIESIONQNORTHROP GRUMMAN SYSTEMSSHANDONG INSTITUTE OF QUANTUM SCIENCESGCC-STATE GRID CORPORATION OF CHINACAS QUANTUM NETWORK

23、NIPPON TELEGRAPH&TELEPHONERIGETTIMIT-MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGYNATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF DEFENSE TECHNOLOGYNO 30 INSTITUTE OF CHINA ELECTRONICNANJING LIKE QUANTUM TECHNOLOGYQUANTINUUMSOOCHOW UNIVERSITYD-WAVE SYSTEMSHEFEI ORIGIN QUANTUM CALCULATING TECHNOLOGYCHINA TELECOM QUANTUM TECHNOLOGYHI

24、TACHINANJING UNIVERSITYCENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITYBEIJING ACADEMY OF QUANTUM.INFORMATIONPLA STRATEGIC SUPPORT UNIT INFORMATIONANHUI ASKY QUANTUM TECHNOLOGYALIBABA HOLDINGANHUI GUOSHENG QUANTUM TECHNOLOGYGUANGDONG INCUBATOR TECHNOLOGYTURING QBEIHANG UNIVERSITY OF AERONAUTICS&UNIVERSITY BEIJINGCNRS-CENTR

25、E NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHESHANXI UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE&TECHNOLOGYSOUTH CHINA NORMAL UNIVERSITYJINAN INSTITUTE OF QUANTUM TECHNOLOGYIQM FINLAND Quantum Computing Quantum Communication Quantum Sensing QuIC|WHITEPAPER A PORTRAIT OF THE GLOBAL PATENT LANDSCAPE IN QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIES8A key takeaway from

26、 figure 3(PAGE 6)is that six Chinese companies and academic institutions rank in the top ten(for the number of alive patent families),along with three companies in the USA and one company in Japan.IQM Finland is the first-ranked European company in this graph.Chinese companies are also investing a l

27、ot(based on the number of patent families)in Quantum Computing,as well as Quantum Communication.Origin Quantum Computing and Baidu are the Chinese leaders in this domain.Regarding Quantum Communication,this domain is dominated by companies&academic institutions from China and Japan.However,it is imp

28、ortant to take into account that very few Chinese patent families are extended outside China,as discussed below(see table 3).(PAGE 10)QuIC|WHITEPAPER A PORTRAIT OF THE GLOBAL PATENT LANDSCAPE IN QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIES92 COMPARISON WITH LAST YEARS WHITE PAPER2.1 KEY FIGURES IN 2023 AND 2024In this chap

29、ter,we compare the results provided in the white paper from last year 1 based on alive patents and patent applications that were published before 30 June 2023,and the current one,based on alive patents and patent applications that were published before 30 June 2024.You can download the previous edit

30、ion (issued in January 2024)from the QuIC website:QuIC-White-Paper-IPT-January-2024.pdf (euroquic.org)Comparing the two patent portfolios(June 2023;June 2024)reveals a significant growth in Quantum Computing and Quantum Communication:Table 1:comparison between 2023 and 2024 studies The growth in the

31、 period 20232024(though remaining impressive)represents a relative slowdown by comparison to the aggregate growth rate of 31%over the 20172022 period.Table 2 below provides detailed information by country/region,using both 2024 and 2023 data:Table 2:2023 and 2024 comparison detailed breakdown by cou

32、ntryEurope and China are displaying particularly strong performance in terms of patenting with respectively 33%and 31%growth versus the previous year.However,for China,we need to put things into perspective.If we consider Chinese international patent families(that is to say,Chinese patent families w

33、ith at least one extension or a PCT outside China),these represent only 7%of all Chinese patent families.Number of alive patent families by domain2024 study2023 studyGrowth 2024/2023Quantum Computing6897504037%Quantum Communication6542536622%Quantum Sensing208820333%Total155271243925%Number of paten

34、t families by country/region of origin2024 study2023 studyGrowth 2024/20232024 country/region relative weightUSA4011345516%26%China7900602231%51%Europe1397105133%9%Japan72560919%5%Korea64452223%4%Others85072018%5%Total155271237925%QuIC|WHITEPAPER A PORTRAIT OF THE GLOBAL PATENT LANDSCAPE IN QUANTUM

35、TECHNOLOGIES10Considering only these international patent families,the relative weight of China for patent families in Quantum Technology decreases from 51%to 7%1 as shown below:Table 3:comparison with international patent families originating from ChinaTable 3 shows only international patent famili

36、es originating from China,but with all patent families from all other countries,as all other countries have a much higher ratio of extensions outside the country of origin.Please refer to the first white paper 1 for a detailed study of international patent families by country.As indicated in table 2

37、 and table 3,the weight of China in Quantum Technology is quite different when we consider only international patent families originating from China(in this case 7%),rather than all Chinese patent families(in this case 51%).When considering international patent families originating from China,Europe

38、 is ranked#2 in Quantum Technology,with 17%of the total,behind the USA,which represents 49%of the corpus used.1 The two indicators(ratio of international patent families and relative weight of China when considering international patent families)have the same value of 7%in this case.2.2 MAIN PLAYERS

39、 BETWEEN JULY 2023 AND JUNE 2024In this section,we study the main players in terms of number of patent families published between July 2023 and June 2024.We include all Chinese patent families,not only international patent families originating from China.The main companies and academic institutions

40、are shown in the figure below(the colour indicates the country/region of origin),based on the number of patent families published between July 2023 and June 2024.Figure 5(PAGE 11)shows that there are seven Chinese companies&academic institutions among the top ten organisations by number of patent fa

41、milies published between July 2023 and June 2024,together with two Japanese companies and one US company.In Europe,IQM Finland has performed most strongly in terms of patents,with Multiverse Computing taking second place.For the USA,IONQ is the first“pure player”in Quantum.As figure 6(PAGE 12)shows,

42、Quantum Computing is the domain where most patent applications are filed,with Quantum Communication in second place.Quantum Sensing is far behind the two other domains.Number of patent families by country/region of origin2024 studyRatio of international patent families versus all patent families2024

43、 country/region relative weight,considering only international patent families for China USA401149%China(with international patent families)5557%7%Europe139717%Japan7259%Korea6448%Others85010%QuIC|WHITEPAPER A PORTRAIT OF THE GLOBAL PATENT LANDSCAPE IN QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIES11Figure 5:main companies a

44、nd academic institutions with the highest number of patent families published between June 2023 and June 2024,by country/region of origin USA China Japan Europe 250200150100500ORIGIN QUANTUM COMPUTINGIBMBAIDUNATIONAL QUANTUM COMMUNICATIONMATRIX TIME DIGITAL TECHNOLOGYCAS-CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCEST

45、SINGHUA UNIVERSITYNANJING UNIVERSITY OF POSTS&TELECOMMUNICATIONSFUJITSUTOSHIBASGCC-STATE GRID CORPORATION OF CHINACHINA TELECOM QUANTUM TECHNOLOGYMICROSOFTNECBANK OF AMERICAANHUI GUOSHENG DETECTION TECHNOLOGYBEIJING INSTITUTE OF QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE BEIJING UNIVERSITY OF POSTS&TELECOMMUNICATI

46、ONSIQM FINLANDNATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF DEFENSE TECHNOLOGYUNIVERSITY OF ELECTRONIC SCIENCE&TECHNOLOGY OF CHINAELECTRIC POWER SCIENCE RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF STATE GRIDIONQBANK OF CHINAQUANTUMCTEKBENYUAN QUANTUM COMPUTING TECHNOLOGYNIPPON TELEGRAPH&TELEPHONEDELL TECHNOLOGIESQUDOOR TECHNOLOGIESYANGTZE DELT

47、A INDUSTRIAL INNOVATION CENTER OFMULTIVERSE COMPUTINGMIT-MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGYZHEJIANG UNIVERSITYALPHABETQuIC|WHITEPAPER A PORTRAIT OF THE GLOBAL PATENT LANDSCAPE IN QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIES12Figure 6:main companies and academic institutions with the highest number of patent families pub

48、lished between June 2023 and June 2024,by domain Quantum Computing Quantum Communication Quantum Sensing 250200150100500ORIGIN QUANTUM COMPUTINGIBMBAIDUNATIONAL QUANTUM COMMUNICATIONMATRIX TIME DIGITAL TECHNOLOGYCAS-CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCESTSINGHUA UNIVERSITYNANJING UNIVERSITY OF POSTS&TELECOMMUN

49、ICATIONSTOSHIBAFUJITSUSGCC-STATE GRID CORPORATION OF CHINACHINA TELECOM QUANTUM TECHNOLOGYMICROSOFTNECANHUI GUOSHENG DETECTION TECHNOLOGYBEIJING INSTITUTE OF QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE BEIJING UNIVERSITY OF POSTS&TELECOMMUNICATIONSMIT-MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGYELECTRIC POWER SCINECE RESE

50、ARCHIONQIQM FINLANDNATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF DEFENSE TECHNOLOGYUNIVERSITY OF ELECTRONIC SCIENCE&TECHNOLOGY OF CHINA BENYUAN QUANTUM COMPUTING TECHNOLOGYELECTRONICS&TELECOMMUNICATIONSNO 55 INSTITUTE OF CHINA ELECTRONICQUANTUMCTEKALPHABETQuIC|WHITEPAPER A PORTRAIT OF THE GLOBAL PATENT LANDSCAPE IN QUANTU

51、M TECHNOLOGIES133 DETAILED ANALYSIS IMPROVED CORPUS3.1 IMPROVED“QUANTUM COMPUTING”CORPUSThis section updates the analysis following some improvements we made to our corpus of patent families:The“Quantum Computing”corpus was given a broader coverage,by also including keywords related to Quantum Compu

52、ting(“Quantum Computing”,“Quantum Computer”,etc.),rather than relying solely on the CPC code.A new domain“Quantum Technologies basic”was created,which includes patent families related to basic or common technologies for the three domains(e.g.,source of photon pairs).Please refer to Appendix A for mo

53、re details.(PAGE 31)Implementing these improvements,we obtained a new corpus as described below,significantly larger(13%)than the corpus used in the discussion above.As shown,the main difference comes from the modification related to Quantum Computing.3.2 INTERNATIONAL PATENT FAMILIES ORIGINATING FR

54、OM CHINAThe graph below compares the number of patent families by country of origin.For patent families originating from China,we considered,based on the priority date:the total number of patent families filed each year the number of international patent families(patent families with at least one ex

55、tension outside China or with a PCT)as well as the number of patent families filed by country/region.Number of patent families by domain2024 “enhanced”corpusWeight of the domain2024 study (same search request as 2023)Weight of the domainDifference between“enhanced”study and 2023 studyQuantum Computi

56、ng867249%689744%26%Quantum Communication669338%654242%2%Quantum Sensing221813%208813%6%Quantum Technologies basic6604%Total (single inventions)17583 15527 13%Table 4:enhanced corpusQuIC|WHITEPAPER A PORTRAIT OF THE GLOBAL PATENT LANDSCAPE IN QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIES14Figure 7:global segmentation number

57、of alive patent families by year of priority by country/region of origin 11 for countries/regions other than China,we included all patent families(i.e.both international and domestic-only patent families please refer to the previous white paper for a detailed analysis of international patent familie

58、s).As figure 7 shows,these two figures for China are quite different.The number of international patent families originating from China has increased each year,but remains at a very low level.Accordingly,we will consider only international patent families originating from China in this chapter,inste

59、ad of all Chinese patent families(international and domestic-only patent families).When considering only international patent families originating from China,the total corpus decreases by 51%from 17583 to 9009 patent families.3.3 MAIN PLAYERSFigure 8(PAGE 15)and 9(PAGE 16)give an updated overview of

60、 the main players in Quantum Technology.02000150010005002017201820192021202020223432769557790619 10136161011451657154664195138329421513984691485848448 China(all patents)China(International patents)USA Europe Japan Korea OtherQuIC|WHITEPAPER A PORTRAIT OF THE GLOBAL PATENT LANDSCAPE IN QUANTUM TECHNO

61、LOGIES15Figure 8:improved corpus number of alive patent families by main players by countryIBMMICROSOFT TECHNOLOGY LICENSINGTOSHIBAGOOGLEINTELFUJITSUNECNIPPON TELEGRAPH&TELEPHONED WAVE SYSTEMSRED HATIONONORTHROP GRUMMAN SYSTEMSHUAWEIMIT-MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF.RIGETTIQUANTINUUMORIGIN QUANTUM COMP

62、UTINGHITACHIBEIJING BAIDU NETCOM SCIENCE&.CNRS-CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA.IQMPSIQUANTUMELECTRONICS&TELECOMMUNICATIONS.KOREA ADVANCED INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE.ROBERT BOSCHALIBABA HOLDINGSAMSUNG ELECTRONICS1QB INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIESKYUNG HEE UNIVERSITYKOREA RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF.ZAPATA COMPUTINGKOREA INSTITU

63、TE OF SCIENCE&PRESIDENT&FELLOWS OF HARVARD.ID QUANTIQUEUNIVERSITY OF MARYLANDBTKOREA ELECTRONICS&AMAZON TECHNOLOGIESKOREA UNIVERSITY INDUSTRIAL&.THALES USA China Japan Korea Europe Canada 6005004003002001000622212200168143126136125129106989687848580746955555553505048464544444242414140403939383838QuI

64、C|WHITEPAPER A PORTRAIT OF THE GLOBAL PATENT LANDSCAPE IN QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIES16Figure 9:improved corpus number of alive patent families by main players by domainIBMMICROSOFT TECHNOLOGY LICENSINGTOSHIBAGOOGLEINTELFUJITSUNECNIPPON TELEGRAPH&TELEPHONED WAVE SYSTEMSRED HATNORTHROP GRUMMAN SYSTEMSIONOMI

65、T-MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF.HUAWEIRIGETTIQUANTINUUMORIGIN QUANTUM COMPUTINGHITACHIBEIJING BAIDU NETCOM SCIENCE&.CNRS-CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA.IQMPSIQUANTUMELECTRONICS&TELECOMMUNICATIONS.KOREA ADVANCED INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE.ROBERT BOSCHALIBABA HOLDINGSAMSUNG ELECTRONICS1QB INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIESKYUNG

66、HEE UNIVERSITYKOREA RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF.ZAPATA COMPUTINGKOREA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE&PRESIDENT&FELLOWS OF HARVARD.ID QUANTIQUEUNIVERSITY OF MARYLANDBTKOREA ELECTRONICS&LG ELECTRONICSAMAZON TECHNOLOGIESKOREA UNIVERSITY INDUSTRIAL&.THALES6005004003002001000 Quantum Computing Quantum Communication Quan

67、tum Sensing Quantum Technologes bases QuIC|WHITEPAPER A PORTRAIT OF THE GLOBAL PATENT LANDSCAPE IN QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIES17The main change we can draw from figures 89(PAGE 1516),when compared to figures 34(PAGE 67),is in the number of Chinese players and the number of patent families for these players

68、.The top three Chinese companies are now Huawei,Origin Quantum Computing and Alibaba,Huawei being at rank#12.Among the top ten companies and academic institutions(for number of alive patent families),six are US companies,four are Japanese.Considering“pure players”in Quantum Computing:IONQ(US),D Wave

69、(CA),RIGETTI(US),Quantinuum(US-GB),Origin Quantum 1 ID Quantique is owned by SK Telekom(South Korea).Computing(CN),IQM(Finland),PSI Quantum(US),1QB information Technologies(CA),Zappata Computing(US),are leading in terms of number of patent families.Considering companies from Europe:IQM,Bosch,ID Quan

70、tique 1,BT,Atos,Thales,are leading in terms of number of patent families.Considering RTOs from Europe:the French CNRS(National Centre for Scientific Research)and the French CEA(Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission)are leading in terms of number of patent families.QuIC|WHITEPAPER A PORTR

71、AIT OF THE GLOBAL PATENT LANDSCAPE IN QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIES184 SITUATION BY COUNTRY/REGIONThis section analyses the main players for each country/region of protection(i.e.,on each market).Please note that in this chapter,we consider patents and patent applications in the country/region(i.e.,where the

72、 application was filed).As such,in China,we consider all applications filed in China.4.1 SITUATION ON THE US MARKET:US PATENTSFigure 10 below shows the main players generating US patents(i.e.,alive patents and patent applications filed at the USPTO):Figure 10:top 25 assignees in Quantum Technologies

73、 ranked on number of US patents and patent applications7006005004003002001000ZAPATA COMPUTINGBOEINGAMAZON TECHNOLOGIESORIGIN QUANTUM COMPUTINGPSIQUANTUMPRESIDENT&FELLOWS OF HARVARD COLLEGECEA COMMISSARIAT A L ENERGIE ATOMIQUE&AUX.ELECTRONICS&TELECOMMUNICATIONS RESEARCH.BEIJING BAIDU NETCOM SCIENCE&T

74、ECHNOLOGYHITACHIRIGETTIQUANTINUUMBANK OF AMERICAFUJITSUMIT-MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGYNORTHROP GRUMMANIONQNECRED HATD WAVE SYSTEMSINTELGOOGLETOSHIBAMICROSOFT TECHNOLOGY LICENSINGIBM USA China Japan Korea Europe Canada3737373842424345485158626874769595103106115155164200616130QuIC|WHITEPAPER

75、 A PORTRAIT OF THE GLOBAL PATENT LANDSCAPE IN QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIES194.2 SITUATIONONTHECHINESEMARKET:CNPATENTSFigure 11 below shows the main players generating Chinese patents (i.e.,alive patents and patent applications filed at the CNIPA):Figure 11:top 25 assignees in Quantum Technologies ranked on

76、number of Chinese patents and patent applications7006005004003002001000NANJING UNIVERSITYNO 30 INSTITUTE OF CHINA ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGYMICROSOFT TECHNOLOGY LICENSINGCAS QUANTUM NETWORKNATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF DEFENSE TECHNOLOGYSHANDONG INSTITUTE OF QUANTUM SCIENCE&.SGCC STATE GRID CORPORATION OF CHINA

77、HUAWEIQUDOOR TECHNOLOGIESMATRICTIME DIGITAL TECHNOLOGYNATIONAL QUANTUM COMMUNICATION GUANGDONGSHANGHAI INSTITUTE OF MICROSYSTEM&INFORMATION.GOOGLENANJING LIKE QUANTUM TECHNOLOGYNANJING UNIVERSITY OF POSTS&TELECOMMUNICATIONS BENYUAN QUANTUM COMPUTING TECHNOLOGY HEFEI BEIJING UNIVERSITY OF POSTS&TELEC

78、OMMUNICATIONSTSINGHUA UNIVERSITYUNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE&TECHNOLOGY OF CHINARUBAN QUANTUM TECHNOLOGYIBMQUANTUMCTEKBEIJING BAIDU NETCOM SCIENCE&TECHNOLOGYORIGIN QUANTUM COMPUTING TECHNOLOGY USA China7461834829525922321418416413512612211811811611510997929089877877QuIC|WHITEPAPER A PORTRAIT OF THE GLOBAL

79、PATENT LANDSCAPE IN QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIES204.3 SITUATIONONTHEJAPANESEMARKET:JPPATENTSFigure 12 below shows the main players generating Japanese patents(i.e.,alive patents and patent applications filed at the JPO):Figure 12:top 25 assignees in Quantum Technologies ranked on number of Japanese patents

80、and patent applications300250200150100500ALIBABA HOLDING1QB INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIESKYOTO UNIVERSITYOKI ELECTRIC INDUSTRYAIST-NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ADVANCED INDUSTRIAL.TOKYO INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGYOSAKA UNIVERSITYJAPAN SCIENCE&TECHNOLOGY AGENCYTERRA QUANTUMIQM FINLANDD WAVE SYSTEMSQUANTINUUMMITSUBIS

81、HITENCENT TECHNOLOGY SHENZHEN MICROSOFT TECHNOLOGY LICENSINGUNIVERSITY OF TOKYOBEIJING BAIDU NETCOM SCIENCE&TECHNOLOGYIONQHITACHINORTHROP GRUMMAN SYSTEMSGOOGLEFUJITSUNECNIPPON TELEGRAPH&TELEPHONETOSHIBAIBM USA China Japan Europe Canada244162117108713311375643030262624222121211919191818171616QuIC|WHI

82、TEPAPER A PORTRAIT OF THE GLOBAL PATENT LANDSCAPE IN QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIES214.4 SITUATION ON THE EUROPEAN MARKET:EPPATENTSTurning to focus on the European market,we consider all the companies and academic institutions that have filed patents and patent applications at the EPO,regardless of the countr

83、y or origin of the first filing.The chart below shows the top 25 assignees for alive patents and patent applications filed at the EPO(the colour indicates the country of origin):Among the top 25 assignees(patents or patent applications with the EPO),the four first positions are taken by US companies

84、.The CNRS is the first European academic institution,with rank#9,and IQM,at rank#10,the first European company.European assignees are represented by four RTOs(French CNRS and CEA,Dutch QUTech,German Fraunhofer)and seven companies(IQM,Bull Atos,BT,ARQIT,Thales,Multiverse Computing,Pasqal).This repres

85、ents an improvement in relation to last year,which had only four European companies.While Figures 1011(PAGE 1819)show that the USA and China are respectively leading in their own countries,the situation is quite different at the EPO,where European players are far behind US or Chinese competitors.Fig

86、ure 13:top 25 assignees in Quantum Technologies ranked on number of patents and patent applications filed at the EPO 11 Quantinuum is formed from the merger of Cambridge Quantum and Honeywell Quantum Solutions.300250200150100500PSIQUANTUMFRAUNHOFERPASQALMULTIVERSE COMPUTINGTHALESARQITBTTENCENT TECHN

87、OLOGY SHENZHENQUTECHBULL ATOSRIGETTIIONQTOSHIBAINTELCEA COMMISSARIAT A L ENERGIE ATOMIQUE&AUX.IQMCNRS CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUEHUAWEIQUANTINUUM 1ORIGIN QUANTUM COMPUTINGFUJITSUNORTHROP GRUMMANGOOGLEMICROSOFT TECHNOLOGY LICENSINGIBM USA China Japan Europe 24115413183696760555251464

88、545413632312928262625252424QuIC|WHITEPAPER A PORTRAIT OF THE GLOBAL PATENT LANDSCAPE IN QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIES22In fact,EPO patents or applications originating from a European country represent only 31%of all published European patents and patent applications in Quantum Technologies,while US companies

89、 and academic institutions have retained a very strong lead with 46%of European patents and patent applications(see table below),and China has significantly increased its share.Comparing with last years study,we find the number of EPO patents and patent applications keep the same ratio(i.e.the growt

90、h rate for EPO patents and patent applications originating in Europe matches the overall growth rate).Table 5:weight of EP patents and patent applications by country of origin,for the 2024 and 2023 studiesThe key points to note are:1)The relative share for the USA in Quantum Technologies for EP pate

91、nts remains strong,representing the dominant share at 46%.2)China has significantly increased its share from 5%to 9%.3)Though there has been a significant growth in the number of patents originating from Europe filed at the EPO,the relative weight has not changed and Europe remains#2 behind the USA

92、on its own market.4.5 COMPARISON OF PATENTS BY COUNTRY/REGIONThe graph below shows a comparison by country/region of protection(for EP patents 4,US patents,CN patents,JP patents),split by country/region of origin:Figure 14:comparison by country/region of protection,split by country/region of origin

93、312 3 41 the percentage of growth between 2024 and 2023 is calculated based on the same searches so as to be consistent.2 please note that the growth of Europe-originated EP patents and patent applications is 52%and the growth of Europe-originated patents and patent applications(overall)is 33%,as in

94、dicated in table 2.3 including all Chinese patents4 EP patents means patents filed at the EPO.In this study,we count only“EP”patents,not the patents to be validated among the 39 members of the EPO.Relative weight by country/region of originFor EP patents2024 study2023 study%of growth 2024 vs 2023 1

95、Europe31%31%52%2 USA46%52%32%China9%5%114%Japan8%6%80%Korea2%1%205%Other4%5%44%100%100%48%Europe USA China Japan Korea Other0100008000600040002000For EP patents 4For US patentsFor Chinese patentsFor Japanese patentsQuIC|WHITEPAPER A PORTRAIT OF THE GLOBAL PATENT LANDSCAPE IN QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIES23As

96、 already indicated,Europe is the only area where domestic-originated patents do not rank in#1 position.Below,we give the“reverse”chart,showing a comparison by country/region of origin,split by country/region of protection(i.e.,for each patent family originating from a country/region:number of EP pat

97、ents,US patents,CN patents,JP patents).Figure 15:comparison by country/region of origin,split by country/region of protectionTable 6:for each country/region of protection,relative weight by country/region of origin1 21 EP patents means patents filed at the EPO.In this study,we count only“EP”patents,

98、not the patents to be validated among the 39 members of the EPO.2 including all Chinese patentsRelative weight by country /region of originCountry/region of protectionFor EP patents 1For US patentsFor Chinese patents 2For Japanese patentsEurope31%13%3%12%USA46%66%9%36%China9%6%86%6%Japan8%9%1%42%Kor

99、ea2%3%0%1%Other4%4%1%3%Total100%100%100%100%Relative weight of patents15%27%48%10%0100008000600040002000EuropeChinaKoreaUSAJapanOther Europe USA China Japan QuIC|WHITEPAPER A PORTRAIT OF THE GLOBAL PATENT LANDSCAPE IN QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIES245 EUROPEAN LEADERS BASED ON THE NUMBER OF PATENT FAMILIES5.1

100、 EUROPEAN LEADERS BASED ON THE NUMBER OF PATENT FAMILIESThe table below shows the domain split within the corpus of patent families originating from Europe:Table 7:weight of Quantum Technology domains for EuropeThe top 50 European assignees,based on their total number of alive patent families,are sh

101、own in figure 16.(PAGE 25)As shown in figure 17(PAGE 26),the three domains are much more balanced in Europe than internationally in particular,Quantum Sensing is fairly well represented,while the leading companies in the global comparison are biased heavily towards Quantum Computing.Focusing on comp

102、anies:In Quantum Computing,IQM,Atos,Pasqal,Multiverse Computing,Orca Computing are leading the race.In Quantum Communication,BT,Deutsche Telekom,Arqit,ID Quantique,Nokia,QBITEKK,Thales have strong portfolios.In Quantum Sensing,Bosch,Thales,and Quantum Technologies are leading the race.Focusing on RT

103、Os:We can see that RTOs are fairly strong in Europe:in particular the CEA,the CNRS,Fraunhofer,QuTech(a collaboration between TU Delft and TNO),Forschungszentrum Jlich,and Oxford University.In Quantum Computing,CNRS,CEA,QUTech,and Forschungszentrum Jlich are leading the race.In Quantum Communication,

104、there is currently no strong investment from RTOs,QuTech being most active.In Quantum Sensing,CEA and CNRS are leading the race.We can relate this to section 4.4 Situation on the European market:EP patents:67%of the patent families originating from Europe have an application or a patent filed at the

105、 EPO.Europe number of alive patent familiesNumber of patent families%of totalQuantum Computing70745%Quantum Communication56836%Quantum Sensing24516%Quantum Technologies Basic413%Total1561 QuIC|WHITEPAPER A PORTRAIT OF THE GLOBAL PATENT LANDSCAPE IN QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIES25Figure 16:top 50 companies&RT

106、Os in Europe,based on the number of patent familiesIQMCNRS-CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE.CEA-COMMISSARIAT A L ENERGIE ATOMIQUE.ROBERT BOSCHBTBULL ATOSTH ALESFRAUNHOFERQUTECHQUANTUM TE CH NOLOGIESARQITPASQALERICSSONTERRA QUANTUMDEUTSCHE TELEKOMID QUANTIQUEMULTIVERSE COMPUTINGNOKIAQUANTINUUMFORSCHUN

107、GSZENTRUM JUELICHQUBITEKKINFINEON TECHNOLOGIESORCA COMPUTINGOXFORD UNIVERSITY INNOVATIONELEMENT SIX TECHNOLOGIESUNIVERSAL QUANTUM ELMOS SEMICONDUCTORSIEMENSHOS QUANTUM SIMULATIONS QUANTUM OPTICS JENAAIRBUSIMEC-INTERUNIVERSITAIR MICRO.TEKNOLOGIAN TUTKIMUSKESKUS VTT OESTERREICHISCHE AKADEMIE DER.PORSC

108、HERIVERLANEUNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGENALICE BOBALPINE QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIESBASFCNR-CONSIGLIO NAZIONALE DELLE RIRCHEELEQTRONEXAILOXFORD IONICSPARITY QUANTUM COMPUTINGPHASECRAFTQUANTUM MOTION TECHNOLOGIESRWTH AACHENSORBONNE UNIVERSITEQANT50403020100535150443938383535343125232221212119191717161615141412111

109、01099988887777777777776QuIC|WHITEPAPER A PORTRAIT OF THE GLOBAL PATENT LANDSCAPE IN QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIES26IQMCNRS-CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE.CEA-COMMISSARIAT A L ENERGIE ATOMIQUE.ROBERT BOSCHBTBULL ATOSTH ALESFRAUNHOFERQUTECHQUANTUM TE CH NOLOGIESARQITPASQALERICSSONTERRA QUANTUMDEUTSCHE TELEKOM

110、ID QUANTIQUEMULTIVERSE COMPUTINGNOKIAQUANTINUUMFORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JUELICHQUBITEKKINFINEON TECHNOLOGIESORCA COMPUTINGOXFORD UNIVERSITY INNOVATIONELEMENT SIX TECHNOLOGIESUNIVERSAL QUANTUM ELMOS SEMICONDUCTORSIEMENSHOS QUANTUM SIMULATIONS QUANTUM OPTICS JENAAIRBUSIMEC-INTERUNIVERSITAIR MICRO.TEKNOLOGIAN

111、 TUTKIMUSKESKUS VTT OESTERREICHISCHE AKADEMIE DER.PORSCHERIVERLANEUNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGENALICE BOBALPINE QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIESBASFCNR-CONSIGLIO NAZIONALE DELLE RIRCHEELEQTRONEXAILOXFORD IONICSPARITY QUANTUM COMPUTINGPHASECRAFTQUANTUM MOTION TECHNOLOGIESRWTH AACHENSORBONNE UNIVERSITEQANT50403020100Fi

112、gure 17:top 25 companies&RTOs in Europe,based on the number of patent families,by domain Quantum Computing Quantum Communication Quantum Sensing Quantum Technologes basic QuIC|WHITEPAPER A PORTRAIT OF THE GLOBAL PATENT LANDSCAPE IN QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIES27CONCLUSIONS1 please refer to section 1 Global

113、patent family landscape of Quantum Technologies,figures 34.(PAGE 67)2 please refer to section 5.1 European leaders based on the number of patent families.Based on our findings in this white paper,we conclude that the USA and China are in the lead in terms of the total number of filed patent applicat

114、ions 1 related to Quantum Technology(divided into the technology segments Quantum Computing,Quantum Communication and Quantum Sensing):The USA ranks first in Quantum Computing;China ranks first in Quantum Communication(though very few of the China-originated patented inventions are extended outside

115、China).Europe is ranked third in all three segments,whereby Europes position in Quantum Sensing is more balanced with the USA and China compared to its position in Quantum Computing or Quantum Communication 2.For European companies and RTOs,the situation for number of European patents and patent app

116、lications filed with the EPO remains challenging,despite the fact that very strong growth can be observed for patent-related activities in Quantum Technology from European companies and RTOs(52%growth related to our previous white paper).Europe ranks second in its own market,with 31%of European pate

117、nts and patent applications related to Quantum Technology originating from European companies or RTOs,while the USA is ranked first with 46%of European patents and patent applications filed with the EPO.European companies could be at risk,even in their own market,if they do not invest in patents.Dom

118、inant patent positions of non-European companies can present obstacles for European companies wanting to commercialise their technology within Europe.This could hamper potential business for European companies and stifle innovation within Europe.A more in-depth analysis would be required to identify

119、 which technologies within the realms of Quantum Computing,Quantum Communication and Quantum Sensing are dominated by companies having large patent portfolios.To achieve strategic autonomy and leadership in Quantum Technology in Europe,European companies and RTOs need to continue and amplify their e

120、fforts in patenting activities.As such,we recommend that:More investments should be made by European states and the EU to the benefit of European and/or EU academic institutions,companies and start-ups to achieve an intellectual property portfolio,in particular patents,that is on a par with the US a

121、nd China;Funding opportunities provided by European states or by the EU should promote an ambitious programme related to intellectual property to stimulate the filing of patents related to Quantum Technology at the EPO or at European national offices;Technical assistance regarding patents should be

122、provided by European states or the EU to European SMEs and start-ups in Quantum Technology.For Europe and the EU,ranking in first place in terms of numbers of patent filings at the EPO is key for supporting European strategic autonomy.QuIC|WHITEPAPER A PORTRAIT OF THE GLOBAL PATENT LANDSCAPE IN QUAN

123、TUM TECHNOLOGIES28REFERENCES&BIBLIOGRAPHYREFERENCES1 QuiC:“A Portrait of the Global Patent Landscape in Quantum Technologies”,January 2024BIBLIOGRAPHY2 EPO:“Quantum computing Insight report”,January 20233 EPO:“Landscape study on patent filing Quantum metrology and sensing”,September 20194 QuantX,Le

124、Lab Quantique,Michel Kurek:“Quantum Technologies:Patents,Publications&Investments”,September 2020QuIC|WHITEPAPER A PORTRAIT OF THE GLOBAL PATENT LANDSCAPE IN QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIES29GLOSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONSCNIPAChina National Intellectual Property AdministrationCPCCooperative Patent ClassificationEPO

125、European Patent OfficeJPOJapan Patent OfficeNMRNuclear Magnetic ResonanceNV CentreNitrogen Vacancy CentrePCTPatent Cooperation TreatyQKDQuantum Key DistributionQuICEuropean Quantum Industry ConsortiumRTOResearch and Technology OrganisationSQIFSuperconducting Quantum Interference FilterSQUIDSupercond

126、ucting QUantum Interference DeviceUSPTOUnited States Patent&Trademark OfficeQuIC|WHITEPAPER A PORTRAIT OF THE GLOBAL PATENT LANDSCAPE IN QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIES30DEFINITIONSEPO member stateChina National Intellectual Property AdministrationEPO member stateThe EPO currently has 39 member states,comprisi

127、ng all the member states of the EU together with Albania,Iceland,Liechtenstein,Monaco,Montenegro,North Macedonia,Norway,San Marino,Serbia,Switzerland,Turkey,and the United Kingdom.EuropeIn this study,Europe includes EU27,UK,Norway,Switzerland,Iceland.International Patent FamilyAn international paten

128、t family is a patent family having patent family members published by at least two different patent authorities.For Europe,we also require at least one patent authority to be located outside Europe.We also include in“international patent families”first filings submitted directly under the patent coo

129、peration treaty.Patent Cooperation TreatyBy filing one international patent application under the PCT,applicants can simultaneously seek protection for an invention in a large number of countries.Patent FamilyA patent family is a collection of patent applications covering the same or similar technic

130、al content.The applications in a family are related to each other through priority claims(EPO website).Priority CountryThe Priority Country is the country where the patent is first filed before being extended to other countries(European Commission IP Helpdesk Website).Priority DateThe Priority Date

131、is the first filing date of a patent application,anywhere in the world(normally in the applicants domestic patent office),to protect an invention(European Commission IP Helpdesk Website).QuIC|WHITEPAPER A PORTRAIT OF THE GLOBAL PATENT LANDSCAPE IN QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIES31APPENDIX A:CREATING THE CORPOR

132、A OF PATENTS AND PATENT APPLICATIONSWe used“ORBIT INTELLIGENCE”(a patent search&analysis tool)from QUESTEL(https:/)to perform our various searches and analyses relating to Quantum Technology and to create the various corpora of patent families discussed in this white paper.Please note that any Chine

133、se Utility Model Patents were excluded from the corpus.Please note also that there is no“perfect corpus”:there is always a trade-off between:having the highest number of relevant patent families;keeping“noise”to an acceptable level(patent families not directly related to the study).FOR QUANTUM COMPU

134、TING AND QUANTUM SIMULATIONWe use the IPC/CPC code G06N-010:Quantum Computing;i.e.information processing based on quantum-mechanical phenomena.Rationale:The rationale for choosing only this IPC/CPC code is the following:other patent studies use the same definition;the number of patent families is al

135、ready quite significant.For the“improved corpus”,we add the following search:(QUANTUM COMPUTING)OR(QUANTUM COMPUTER?)And we exclude QKD related patent families:NOT(QUANTUM CRYPTO+)OR(QUANTUM ENCRYPT+)OR(QUANTUM CRYPT+)OR(QUANTUM KEY?)OR QKD)FOR QUANTUM COMMUNICATIONWe divide Quantum Communication in

136、to two parts.We use the following CPC codes for Quantum Cryptography:H04L-009/0852Quantum cryptography(transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio waves,e.g.light,infrared H04B 10/00;wavelength-division multiplex systems H04J 14/02;WDM arrangements H04J 14/03)H04L-009/0855i

137、nvolving additional nodes,e.g.quantum relays,repeaters,intermediate nodes or remote nodesH04L-009/0858Details about key distillation or coding,e.g.reconciliation,error correction,privacy amplification,polarisation coding or phase codingWe use the following CPC code for quantum information networks:H

138、04B-010/7Photonic quantum communicationQuIC|WHITEPAPER A PORTRAIT OF THE GLOBAL PATENT LANDSCAPE IN QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIES32We merge this search based on CPC code with a search based on keywords.For Quantum Cryptography(QUANTUM CRYPTO+)OR(QUANTUM ENCRYPT+)OR(QUANTUM CRYPT+)OR(QUANTUM KEY)OR QKD)We exc

139、lude from this search“post-quantum cryptography”which does not use quantum-mechanical properties:(POST QUANTUM CRYPT+)OR PQC)For quantum internet(QUANTUM NETWORK?)OR(QUANTUM COMMUNICATION?)OR(QUANTUM INTERNET)OR(QUANTUM INFORMATION NETWORK?)OR(QUANTUM TELEPORTATION?)RationaleThe rationale for choosi

140、ng a mix of CPC code and text-based search is that CPC codes do not currently offer extensive coverage in this domain(a few hundreds of patent families).FOR QUANTUM SENSINGWe use the following CPC codes:G01R-033/0354SQUIDsG01R-033/0356with flux feedbackG01R-033/0358coupling the flux to the SQUIDG01R

141、-033/326Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving a SQUIDWe combine this search with another search based on keywords:(ATOMIC VAPOR)OR(COLD CLOUD)OR(TRAPPED ION?)OR(RYDBERG ATOM+)OR(BOSE EINSTEIN)S CONDENSATE)OR(SINGLE SPIN?)AND(NMR OR(QUANTUM DOT?)OR(SQUID+)OR(CHARGE QU

142、BIT?)OR(FLUX QUBIT?)We add the following searches as well:SQUID,SQIF Cold atoms:+COLD ATOM+NV centres:(NV S CENT+)OR(NITROGEN VACANCY S CENT+)OR(NITROGEN DEFECT?S CENT+)OR(DIAMOND LATTICE?)OR(DIAMOND S NITROGEN VACANCY)Finally,we restrict these searches to“MEASUREMENT”OR(MAGNETOMET+OR INTERFEROMET+O

143、R GYRO+OR ACCELERO+OR RADAR?OR LIDAR?OR LADAR?OR SENSOR?OR SENSING)RationaleAgain,we use a mix of CPC code and text-based search since CPC codes do not currently offer extensive coverage in this domain(a few hundreds of patent families).FORQUANTUMTECHNOLOGIESBASICWe looked in particular at the creat

144、ion of photon pairs(ENTANGLED OR ENTANGLEMENT)P QUANTUM)OR(ENTANGLE+S PHOTON+)OR(PHOTON+QUANTUM)OR(PHOTON PAIR?)And we excluded Quantum Computing(G06N-010)from the corpus.REGARDING COUNTRY OF ORIGINFor country/region of origin,we selected the patent families based on the country of priority:Patent families with priority country corresponding to the selected country/region;We also added patent families with priority country“WO”(PCT)and country of assignee corresponding to the selected country/region.CONTACTAll inquiries should be directed to infoeuroquic.org