2020年港口将成为浮动式海上发电的关键动力 -WindEurope（英文版）（34页）.pdf

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1、 The industry has drafted this guidance to present the state of play of floating wind, including the main differences and similarities between floating platforms. This intends to be a discussion-starter for stakeholders, including ports, developers, and technology providers. The document summarises

2、information publicly available and the view of experts from WindEuropes Floating Wind Working Group and Ports Platform. Neither WindEurope nor its members shall be responsible for any loss whatsoever sustained by any person who relies on this publication. TEXT AND ANALYSIS: WindEurope Business Intel

3、ligence Lizet Ramirez Mattia Cecchinato Sabina Potestio EDITORS: Daniel Fraile, WindEurope Colin Walsh, WindEurope COVER PHOTO: Windfloat Atlantic construction, Courtesy of Navantia MORE INFORMATION: policywindeurope.org +32 2 213 18 68 CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY . 6 1. INTRODUCTION . 7 2. FLOATING

4、WIND: STATE OF PLAY . 8 2.1 FLOATING FOUNDATIONS . 9 2.2 ROAD TO COMMERCIALISATION . 14 3. PORTS SERVING THE OFFSHORE WIND SECTOR . 16 3.1 MANUFACTURING COMPONENTS . 17 3.2 FOUNDATION PRODUCTION . 19 3.3 ASSEMBLY . 21 3.4 INSTALLATION . 24 3.5 OPERATION TrussFloat (by Dolfines); Fukushima forward V-

5、shape (by Mitsubishi Heavy Industriesl, Ltd.), Fukushima Forward compact semi- sub (by Mitsui Engineering Eolink (by EOLINK), W2Power (by EnerOcean), Hexicon (by Hexicon); FLOW (by FLOW Ocean) 12 Spar-buoy Examples A spar-buoy (or spar) is a cylinder structure. It is stabilised by keeping the centre

6、 of gravity below the centre of buoyancy, using a ballast made of one or more heavy materials. This is the structure with the largest draught, between 70-90m once installed, minimising the motions and stabilising the structure. However, this can translate into more complex logistics in the assembly,

7、 transportation and installation of the foundation. The structure is anchored to the seabed using catenary or taut mooring lines, with a horizontal distance between anchor and fairleads of 450-1,200m. The assembly of the foundation is performed onshore. It can be towed out to the offshore location.

8、The steel weight of one structure is around 2,500 tonnes before ballasted. Hywind (by Equinor) Figure 6. Hywind Scotland (courtesy of Equinor) SeaTwirl (by SeaTwirl) Figure 7. Artists impression of SeaTwirl 2 (courtesy of SeaTwirl) Other: Advanced Spar (by Japan Marine United), TetraSpar (by Stiesda

9、l). 13 Tension Leg Platform (TLP) Examples A TLP is a smaller and lighter floating structure. This results in a higher buoyancy force which requires the anchoring mooring lines to be fully tensioned to provide stability. The TLP has a shallow draught but given the high buoyancy the structure experie

10、nces a higher vertical load on the mooring lines and anchors. The TLP floater has a lower footprint on the seabed due to the reduced water column below the structure. There are currently no operational floating turbines using TLP technology. The weight of this platform can be lower than the semi-sub

11、. Inclined-leg TLP (by SBM Offshore A specific area with a capacity of 30 t/m2; 10 ha with strengthen soil. The port is already working with EolMed windfarm and EFGL Eoliennes Flottantes du Golfe Du Lion - for the two pilot projects of 28-30 MW which will come online in 2021/2022 and is already look

12、ing into the development of the commercial phase confirmed by the French Government. 24 In bottom-fixed wind farms, foundations are installed before final installation of turbine topsides. It is this final activity that is most sensitive to sea and wind conditions and hence typically is carried out

13、between April and October. However, some developers have managed to extend this time window. Prior to the installation, the project developer will gather the foundations, towers, blades and nacelles at the port close to the wind farm. Due to the large number and size of turbine parts, large areas of

14、 open storage and pre-assembly space are required. Because of the weight, a high carrying capacity quay is also necessary with up to 50 t/m2 for concentrated load. Sea weather conditions will affect most of the towing activities due to speed limitations and significant wave height allowed to safely

15、transport the turbines mounted on the floaters to offshore location. Different types of vessels are required for construction of offshore wind farms, including vessels for inspection, cable laying, securing with rocks, wind turbine installation vessels (jack-up vessels), components mobilisation (Rol

16、l-on-Roll-off vessels), service operating vessel (SOV), and Crew Transfer Vessels (CTV). Some vessels might be able to complete different tasks from the above. This becomes more relevant in the case of large distances. As the vessels costs for developer can be very high (in the range of 130,000 to 1

17、50,000 /day for jack-up vessels), efficient supply chain and logistics are an important requirement. Ports would need to increase their capacity to build and service at least 500 MW/year of FOW projects in this decade and 4 to 7 GW/year from 2030 onward to reach the decarbonisation targets. All the

18、floating platforms currently in operation barge, semi-sub, spar have performed installation of the integrated floater-turbine system using various towing vessels. The main installation challenges will be related to the load-out of the integrated structure into the water (in case assembly takes place

19、 in the same port), the weather which together with the distance from shore limits the wet tow installation period and the quay draught, especially when a larger draught is needed. Depending in the installation process some floaters could require specific operations like upending of the structure fo

20、r spar and tension tensioning in TLPs. 25 Figure 13. Vision for Offshore Wind Hub in Amsterdam, Netherlands (Courtesy of Port of Amsterdam) Port of Amsterdams strategic expansion: strengthening two Seaports At the location of the former Averijhaven, Port of Amsterdam, as part of a consortium that in

21、cludes five regional partners (public and private and national government) is developing an energy port that will include hubs for storage and logistics poles. The site will be tailored to offshore wind installation and larger maintenance campaigns and foresees other activities in future, to support

22、 the energy transition. Specifications requirement to meet future offshore wind activities include: 15ha of available space 200m offshore equipped quayside available 380m quayside in total 12.5m draught (LAT) Both port authorities of Port of Amsterdam jointly and Port of IJmuiden will take up the co

23、mmercial operation of the site. The Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management will contribute 27 to the development of the Energyhaven. The Port will be ready for construction and installation for Hollandse Kust West (2024) and for UK installations from Offshore wind leasing Round 4 (expected

24、2025 onwards). It will also support larger maintenance campaigns. This is part of a regional vision on offshore wind, combining strengths in a multiple site strategy. In this vision, Energiehaven will provide space for installation, while Port of IJmuiden facilitates O Existing ports new terminals: port authority/infrastructure and/or terminal operator/superstructure and equipment; New ports; and Improvement of hinterland transport connections, particularly rail and inland waterways access to ports and intermodal terminals. 12 Connecting Europe Facility (European Commission 2020)