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1、Electric Vehicle Market InsightsMAY 2024Prepared for:The Electric Vehicle Council of the Transportation Energy InstitutePrepared by:Heart+Mind Strategies is a one-stop insights consultancy that provides research-based answers for companies and organizations to achieve their strategic goals.Founded i

2、n 2008,Heart+Mind Strategies,LLC is a team of survey researchers and strategic planners that work to take clients from insights through strategy to activation.The company integrated approach has researchers uncover the meaning behind consumer and target audience choice,then strategists translate tho

3、se insights into ideas and frameworks to develop communications and marketing strategies that persuade by reason and motivate by emotion.Heart+Mind Strategies,LLC has extensive experience building successful branding strategies and communications campaigns for hundreds of the worlds leading companie

4、s,trade associations,educational institutions,public policy think tanks,and issue advocacy organizations with a variety of audiences.The companys work has also been recognized 11 times by the American Research Foundations with its David Ogilvy Award for the best use of research applied to a communic

5、ations or advertising campaign.To learn more,visit www.heartandmind.us or follow heartandmindstrategies on LinkedIn,Instagram or HeartMindStrat on X.2024 Transportation Energy Institute Disclaimer:The opinions and views expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the individuals on

6、 the Transportation Energy Institute Board of Directors and the Transportation Energy Institute Board of Advisors or any contributing organization to the Transportation Energy Institute.Transportation Energy Institute makes no warranty,express or implied,nor does it assume any legal liability or res

7、ponsibility for the use of the report or any product or process described in these materials.3TRANSPORTATION ENERGY INSTITUTE|EVC|ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET INSIGHTSBACKGROUND.4METHODOLOGY.5EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.6RESULTS.9 Phase 1 Survey with EV Drivers in the US.9 Key findings.9 Survey results.10 Phase 2

8、Survey with Business Operators in the US.23 Key findings.23 Survey results.24 Phase 3 In-Depth Individual Interviews with Major Site Hosts and Charger Operators in North America and the EU.41 Key takeaways from the interviews.41 Phase 4 Survey with Non-EV Drivers in the US.48 Key findings.48 Survey

9、results.49APPENDICES.54 Drivers Sociodemographic Data.55 US EV Drivers Sociodemographic Data.55 US Non-EV Drivers Sociodemographic Data.57 EV Models Used by EV Drivers.59 US Site Hosts Demographic Data.61 ContentsTRANSPORTATION ENERGY INSTITUTE|EVC|ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET INSIGHTS4The pace of electr

10、ic vehicle(EV)adoption and charging infrastructure scaling will increase exponentially over the next several years.The development of the EV supply equipment(EVSE)infrastructure system is in its very early stages,but significant sums of money are being invested to accelerate it.Many potential hosts

11、of EV charging sites are uncertain of the economic value of the EV charging customer and may not fully understand the behavior and preferences of EV drivers.The demographic profile of todays EV driver in the US is not representative of the overall driving population,but insights can be gleaned from

12、their behavior,as well as from the behavior of drivers in other regions of the world with more mature EV markets.The systems and programs needed to capture and develop insights need to be in place before the coming inflection point.A better understanding of EV drivers today can inform how the EVSE m

13、arket can best serve the needs of EV consumers as the market grows and matures.BACKGROUNDTRANSPORTATION ENERGY INSTITUTE|EVC|ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET INSIGHTS5TRANSPORTATION ENERGY INSTITUTE|EVC|ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET INSIGHTSThis research project followed an integrated approach to determine the cur

14、rent perceptions and behaviors of light duty EV drivers and charging station operators and site hosts.The methodology involved four phases of research implementation.PHASE 1Survey with EV Drivers in the US:In this phase,n=500 US EV drivers(18+)from a panel sample participated in a 15-minute online s

15、urvey.To ensure a representative sample,a quota was applied to the number of respondents from each of the four selected US demographic regions.The survey ran from April 7 to 21,2023.Data was collected on EV drivers driving behavior,public charging behavior,and public charging experiences.The survey

16、also asked about EV drivers preferences on charging station features and services.The data was then subjected to discrete choice modeling,total unduplicated reach and frequency(TURF)analysis,and segmentation analysis to determine the charging station features and services most preferred by customer

17、segments.PHASE 2Survey with Business Operators in the US:A 15-minute online survey involved n=251 owners,presidents/CEOs,and general managers of businesses in the US.The respondents were enlisted from a panel sample of existing US businesses.To ensure a representative sample,a quota was applied to t

18、he number of respondents from each of the four selected US demographic regions.The survey ran from April 7 to 21,2023.Based on natural fallout,the respondents were categorized into two groups:EV charging station site hosts and operators and non-EV businesses.The objective of the survey was to gather

19、 insights from site hosts and operators about their business setup,experiences with EV charging station installation,profitability,and issues encountered in the EV charging venture.From non-EV businesses,data on their business setup,likelihood to invest in EV charging,and reasons for not investing i

20、n EV charging was gathered.PHASE 3In-Depth Individual Interviews with Major Site Hosts and Charger Operators in North America and the EU:This phase of the research project was a qualitative deep dive to gain insights from existing charging station site hosts and operators in North America and the EU

21、.There were nine in-depth interviews conducted with current EV charging station site hosts and operators in North America and two in the EU.Out of 11 total interviews,10 were with site hosts,and 1 was with a charger provider.Each interview lasted about an hour to get detailed information from site h

22、osts and operators on their experiences setting up their charging stations,investments,daily operations,profitability,and overall lessons learned from their investment.PHASE 4Survey with Non-EV Drivers in the US:To get a more holistic picture of the entire US automotive market landscape,a 10-minute

23、online survey among n=1,010 US non-EV drivers(18+)was also conducted.The survey ran from April 28 to 30,2023.Data gathered included vehicle ownership,likelihood to purchase or lease an EV,and access to charging stations.METHODOLOGY6This section summarizes the key findings of the study and highlights

24、 the discrepancies that exist between the different audiences that took part.EV DRIVERS PREFERENCES VERSUS SITE HOSTS OFFERINGSData shows that about half of electric vehicle(EV)drivers households(49%)own at least one other type of vehicle in addition to their EV.A quarter of them(25%)have a liquid f

25、uel vehicle and 21%have a hybrid.This means that a significant number of EV drivers need to find both petroleum-based stations and charging stations for their vehicles.Moreover,62%of EV drivers report that their driving mileage has not changed since having an EV and 31%say they are driving more.Resu

26、lts also show that EV drivers have amenities and services preferences.They discriminate between EV charging stations based on the amenities offered.The top five of their preferred amenities and services are(1)multiple charging spots allocated,(2)open 24/7,(3)chargers located in highly visible areas,

27、(4)bright lighting around the charger units,and(5)visible security cameras.Notably,four of the five in EXECUTIVE SUMMARYElectric Vehicle Market InsightsTRANSPORTATION ENERGY INSTITUTE|EVC7TRANSPORTATION ENERGY INSTITUTE|EVC|ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET INSIGHTSthis list concern customer safety.Interestin

28、gly,only about half to two-thirds of site hosts offer exactly these amenities and services to their customers:chargers in high visibility areas(68%),security cameras(65%),bright lighting(56%),multiple charging spots(46%),and open 24/7(52%).Another analysis in the study provides guidance on the set o

29、f features and amenities site hosts can offer to maximize their reach to EV drivers.The most effective set of amenities and features to reach 93.1%of EV drivers consists of the following:Chargers located in highly visible areas Multiple EV charging spots Prepared food like sandwiches and pizza Open

30、24/7 Childrens playground on siteTo slightly increase the reach to 94.2%just one more feature needs to be added to the list in the 93.1%reach set:visible security cameras.In terms of the charging experience,half of site hosts(51%)say they have experienced less than 10%downtime and another 44%say the

31、ir EV chargers have less than 20%downtime.These results are validated by the EV driver study results.A third of EV drivers(34%)say they have experienced at least one problem at a charger not an insignificant number,but at the same time,most(65%)say it is rare.Just 9%of EV drivers say they frequently

32、 experience EV charging issues.EV drivers do not think they have long waits to plug into an EV charger at a host site.Most EV drivers(84%)say they dont have to wait at all or have a very short wait,while just 15%say they typically wait longer than five minutes at an EV charging location.Site hosts s

33、ay they do not have any data on what EV drivers are spending in stores.However,78%of EV drivers say they get out of their car at public charging stations and 30%say they typically buy a drink or a snack while their vehicle is charging.MAJOR INDUSTRY PLAYERS PERCEPTIONS VERSUS SMALLER SITE HOSTS PERC

34、EPTIONSMajor industry players,companies that have a minimum of six EV charger sites,do not think site hosts are in a hurry to own and operate their own EV chargers.However,site hosts in the study are more likely to own their EV chargers than lease at this time.Specifically,69%of site hosts claim tha

35、t they own their EV chargers,31%revenue share,and 16%lease their space to EV charger operators.Site hosts are thinking about expanding the number of EV chargers they offer in the future.Of existing site hosts,85%put in the necessary infrastructure and wiring to increase their EV charging capacity du

36、ring their initial EV charger installations.Different groups have different perceptions of how long it takes for EV chargers to be delivered and installed.Overall,major industry players believe that lead times to get EV chargers installed are longer than site hosts experience.Industry players percep

37、tion is that it takes normally about a year from ordering the EV charger units to installation.Two-thirds of site hosts(66%)say it is normally less than 6 months,and 31%say it takes 6 to 12 months.Major industry players in Europe believe that permitting and licensing are a significant burden for sit

38、es.They say installation can be complex because government,contractor,and utility bureaucracies are difficult to align and coordinate.Most US site hosts(58%)say permitting and licensing were easier than expected,with only 12%saying it was more difficult than expected and 30%saying it was about what

39、they expected.Overall,all US stakeholders think local governments are generally cooperative in assisting EV charging sites in adoption and permitting.Most site hosts(94%)say their local government was at least somewhat cooperative,and 91%say their local 8TRANSPORTATION ENERGY INSTITUTE|EVC|ELECTRIC

40、VEHICLE MARKET INSIGHTSgovernment was knowledgeable on permitting.It is a different scenario in Europe,where permitting is believed to be complex and time-consuming.There are discrepancies among the groups about how they believe EV drivers are paying their charging fees.Major industry players believ

41、e most customers are paying via app,not credit card.Site hosts say the majority are paying with credit cards(85%)or digital wallets(79%).Just a third(31%)say EV drivers are using an app.EV drivers themselves say they pay by digital wallet,credit card,and app about equally(32%,29%,and 25%,respectivel

42、y).Major industry players are more likely than smaller site hosts to think utilities are more of a hindrance.Major industry players feel utilities cannot keep up with the pace of demand by site hosts,while 98%of smaller site hosts said their local utility was at least somewhat responsive to their ne

43、eds and requests.Maintenance of EV chargers is not seen as a major issue by either major industry players or smaller site hosts.Both groups believe EV charger original equipment manufacturers are quick to respond to issues.All the site hosts included in this study said their EV charger manufacturer

44、was at least somewhat responsive to their maintenance requests.Finally,the study shows that site hosts are at least satisfied with their EV charger revenues.This does not mean their EV charger operations are profitable,but that the site host is generating revenues from their EV charger investments t

45、hat meet or exceed their expectations.Specifically,54%said their EV charger revenues exceeded expectations and 44%said revenues met expectations.Site hosts are generating revenues from their EV charger investments that meet or exceed their expectations.89TRANSPORTATION ENERGY INSTITUTE|EVC|ELECTRIC

46、VEHICLE MARKET INSIGHTSRESULTSPhase 1 Survey with EV Drivers in the US TRANSPORTATION ENERGY INSTITUTE|EVC|ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET INSIGHTSKey FindingsEV DRIVING AND CHARGING BEHAVIOR Electric vehicle(EV)drivers report that they spend between$10 and$20 per charging session at public charging station

47、s.EV drivers charge their EVs at various public charging stations for 30 minutes to an hour.About 30%of them buy a snack or drink while waiting.Digital wallet,credit card,and a card connected to an app are the most frequent payment methods.A quarter of EV drivers also have a gas-powered vehicle.EV d

48、rivers locate charging stations about equally from an app on their phone or their vehicles navigation system.Most EV drivers(62%)are driving about the same number of miles they did before owning an EV,with about a third(31%)driving more.THE EV PUBLIC CHARGING EXPERIENCE About a third of EV drivers s

49、ay they have experienced a technical problem while trying to charge their vehicle;however,most say it happens rarely.Only 15%of EV drivers say they normally have to wait five minutes or longer to get access to a charger,while 84%say they either dont have to wait or the wait is less than five minutes

50、.All EV driver segments rate having multiple EV chargers at a location in their top five most desired features in selecting a charging location.The bundle of features that has the highest reach(94%of the market)includes chargers located in highly visible areas,multiple chargers,visible security came

51、ras,prepared food,open 24/7,and a childrens playground on the station grounds.TRANSPORTATION ENERGY INSTITUTE|EVC|ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET INSIGHTS10FourNonePhase 1 Survey ResultsNote:The findings from this survey are based on the responses of those who participated in the survey.Results of other sur

52、veys or market studies may differ from these results.For this study,results are accurate for the 500 individuals who participated in this survey.EV OWNERSHIPAlmost all EV drivers own their electric vehicles;only 8%lease their vehicle(1.1).A majority of EV drivers(71%)claim that they or someone in th

53、eir household have just one EV,and about 30%claim that they or someone in their household own more than one EV(1.2).About half of EV drivers(49%)have one other vehicle in addition to their EV,and a third(34%)have no other vehicle.Among those who own other vehicles,25%have gas-powered vehicles,21%hav

54、e hybrids,and a small number own a diesel-powered(3%)or hydrogen(1%)vehicle(1.3).$48%11%92%8%5%8%5%5%13%5%48%11%5%8%5%5%13%5%$02040608010071%27%2%92%8%5%8%5%5%13%5%020406080100051015202534%15%49%1%1%Gas-powered vehicle 25%Hybrid 21%Diesel-powered vehicle 3%Hydrogen vehicle 1%FIGURE 1.1:EV OWNERSHIPF

55、IGURE 1.2:NUMBER OF EVS OWNEDFIGURE 1.3:NUMBER AND TYPE OF NON-EV VEHICLES OWNED IN ADDITION TO EVSource:TEI Electric Vehicle Market Insights 2024Source:TEI Electric Vehicle Market Insights 2024Source:TEI Electric Vehicle Market Insights 2024OwnThreeLeaseTwoOneThreeOneTwoTRANSPORTATION ENERGY INSTIT

56、UTE|EVC|ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET INSIGHTS11EV DRIVING BEHAVIORClose to half of EV drivers(48%)have an EV with a maximum mileage range of between 300 and 400 miles.Only 15%say they have a range of 400 miles or more.Another third of drivers(31%)claim to have a mileage range of 200299(1.4).More than eig

57、ht in ten EV drivers(82%)say they drive less than 60 miles a day,with the mean being 40 miles.Close to half of EV drivers(47%)travel 3059 miles on a typical day,and more than a third(35%)drive less than 30 miles(1.5).When asked if their driving mileage had changed since acquiring an EV,two-thirds of

58、 EV drivers(62%)say it did not,and a third(31%)claim they are driving more(1.6).$0.00.20.40.60.81.048%31%15%6%92%8%5%8%5%5%13%5%$0.00.20.40.60.81.01.247%35%13%4%2%92%8%5%8%5%5%13%5%More than60 Miles 19%$02040608010062%31%7%92%8%5%8%5%5%13%5%FIGURE 1.4:EV MAXIMUM MILEAGE RANGEFIGURE 1.5:EV DRIVING MI

59、LEAGE PER DAY FIGURE 1.6:DRIVING MILEAGE CHANGE Mean=302 miles Source:TEI Electric Vehicle Market Insights 2024Mean=40 miles Source:TEI Electric Vehicle Market Insights 2024 Source:TEI Electric Vehicle Market Insights 2024400+miles300399 miles200299 milesLess than 200 miles120 miles and above90119 m

60、iles 6089 miles 3059 miles Less than 30 milesMore milesAbout the same/No difference Fewer milesTRANSPORTATION ENERGY INSTITUTE|EVC|ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET INSIGHTS12Shopping mallConvenience store where gas is also soldAt workRoadside charging stationParking garageAt home2%3%6%8%12%69%010203040506048

61、%11%5%8%5%5%13%5%FIGURE 1.9:DRIVING RANGE PER TYPICAL CHARGING SESSION EV CHARGING BEHAVIORMost EV drivers(69%)typically charge their vehicle at home.A few of them charge at parking garages(12%)and at roadside charging stations(8%),which can be located at hotels,restaurants,and other destination cha

62、rging sites(1.7).As to frequency of charging,half of EV drivers(53%)reveal that they charge their vehicle a couple of times a week at their typical charging location,with about a quarter(23%)charging every day(1.8).Two in five EV drivers(40%)observe that,on average,a typical charging session adds ab

63、out 120 miles to their driving range(1.9).$02040608010020%17%17%40%92%8%5%8%5%5%13%5%6%FIGURE 1.7:TYPICAL LOCATION OF CHARGINGSource:TEI Electric Vehicle Market Insights 2024 Source:TEI Electric Vehicle Market Insights 2024120 miles and above90119 miles 6089 miles 3059 miles Less than 30 miles$02040

64、608010053%20%23%4%92%8%5%8%5%5%13%5%FIGURE 1.8:FREQUENCY OF CHARGING Source:TEI Electric Vehicle Market Insights 2024Every day Couple of times a week Every week Once every couple of weeks TRANSPORTATION ENERGY INSTITUTE|EVC|ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET INSIGHTS13Roadside charging stationParking garageAt

65、workShopping mallConvenience store where gas is also soldOther type of storeOther42%38%31%30%23%15%3%01020304050PUBLIC CHARGINGAbout three-quarters of EV drivers(77%)claim that in addition to charging at their residence,they also use public chargers for their vehicles(1.10).When asked where they cha

66、rge their vehicles outside their homes,42%say they use roadside charging stations(e.g.,chargers at hotels,restaurants,and other destination sites).Others use chargers at parking garages(38%),their workplace(31%),shopping malls(30%),and convenience stores(23%)(1.11).As to frequency of charging outsid

67、e their residence,about a third of these EV drivers(31%)say they use public locations a couple of times a week.One-fifth(20%)say they use public charging stations weekly,and 4%use them every day(1.12).To find a charging location,about half of EV drivers(48%)search using an app on their phone and the

68、 other half(43%)use their vehicles navigation system(1.13).FIGURE 1.11:FREQUENCY PUBLIC CHARGING LOCATIONS ARE USED$48%11%92%8%5%8%5%5%13%5%51%LESS LIFETIME GHG EMISSIONS THAN ICEVs77%USE PUBLIC CHARGERSFIGURE 1.10:USE OF PUBLIC CHARGINGSource:TEI Electric Vehicle Market Insights 2024$02040608010048

69、%8%42%1%92%8%5%8%5%5%13%5%$02040608010020%21%16%31%7%4%92%8%5%8%5%5%13%5%FIGURE 1.13:LOCATING PUBLIC CHARGERSFIGURE 1.12:FREQUENCY OF PUBLIC CHARGING Source:TEI Electric Vehicle Market Insights 2024Source:TEI Electric Vehicle Market Insights 2024“Vehicles user interface/navigation system”Search thro

70、ugh an app on phoneThrough a websiteOther Every dayCouple of times a week Every week Once every couple of weeks Once a month Less than once a month Source:TEI Electric Vehicle Market Insights 2024TRANSPORTATION ENERGY INSTITUTE|EVC|ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET INSIGHTS14When asked which particular app th

71、ey use to locate public charging stations,43%of EV drivers say they use the Tesla app,31%use EV Connect,and 23%use ChargePoint(1.14).Probing into whether EV drivers would charge their cars at a destination that has a charger even if they dont need to charge up,43%of EV drivers say they are very or e

72、xtremely likely to charge at a destination site,and 34%say they are somewhat likely to charge at a destination site.On the other hand,23%say they are unlikely to charge up(1.15).When EV drivers were asked how long they would charge their vehicles at a public charging station,a little over half of th

73、em(52%)say they charge their vehicles for 30 minutes to an hour.Some of them(27%)say they charge their cars for less than 30 minutes(1.16).Tesla appEV ConnectChargePointIn-car navigationEVgoApple CarPlayElectrify AmericaChargeHubAndroid AutoPlugShareChargewayDepartment of Energy EVC appVoltaOther43%

74、31%23%18%18%15%16%13%10%10%3%1%13%14%01020304050Roadside charging stationParking garageAt workShopping mallConvenience store where gas is also soldOther type of storeOther42%38%31%30%23%15%3%01020304050FIGURE 1.14:APPS USEDSource:TEI Electric Vehicle Market Insights 2024$02040608010012013%52%27%9%92

75、%8%5%8%5%5%13%5%$02040608010029%34%20%14%3%92%8%5%8%5%5%13%5%FIGURE 1.16:LENGTH OF PUBLIC CHARGINGFIGURE 1.15:LIKELIHOOD OF DESTINATION CHARGING Source:TEI Electric Vehicle Market Insights 2024 Source:TEI Electric Vehicle Market Insights 2024 90 minutes6089 minutes3059 minutes100 customers/day81100

76、customers/day6180 customers/day2160 customers/day120 customers/day30 minutes1530 minutes20%(NET):12%11%-20%(NET):32%10%(NET):51%$02040608010026%20%43%3%7%92%8%5%8%5%5%13%5%More software than mechanical(NET):27%More mechanical than software(NET):29%TRANSPORTATION ENERGY INSTITUTE|EVC|ELECTRIC VEHICLE

77、 MARKET INSIGHTS38Capacity and speed of EV chargersDemand charge costs from utility companiesCharging pricing structureVandalism to EV charger unitsLimited space for additional EV chargersLimited market demand from customersHardware issuesLocation-specific utility rate structureLimited opportunities

78、 for expansionNetwork software issuesAccess to customer dataUnfair competition from utility-owned,rate-based EV chargersLimited government supportLack of loyalty program integrationInability to create holistic customer experienceLack of POS integration32%29%28%28%20%20%19%19%19%18%13%11%10%9%4%2%051

79、01520253048%11%5%8%5%5%13%5%Demand charge costs from utility companiesCapacity and speed of EV chargersLimited space for additional EV chargersCharging pricing structureVandalism to EV charger unitsLimited market demand from customersLimited opportunities for expansionNetwork software issuesLocation

80、-specific utility rate structureHardware issuesAccess to customer dataLimited government supportLack of loyalty program integrationUnfair competition from utility-owned,rate-based EV chargers15%14%11%10%8%8%7%6%5%4%4%3%2%2%0369121548%11%5%8%5%5%13%5%FIGURE 2.39:ISSUES EXPERIENCEDFIGURE 2.40:TOP CONC

81、ERNSSource:TEI Electric Vehicle Market Insights 2024Source:TEI Electric Vehicle Market Insights 2024TRANSPORTATION ENERGY INSTITUTE|EVC|ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET INSIGHTS39$02040608010011%46%39%4%92%8%5%8%5%5%13%5%Eceeded/Met expectations(NET):98%Eceeded expectations(NET):64%INSIGHTS FROM BUSINESS OWN

82、ERS CURRENTLY NOT INVESTING IN EV CHARGERSThe majority of businesses currently without EV chargers(85%)are considering adding EV chargers sometime in the future,while 15%say they are not considering investing in EV chargers anytime in the near future(2.41).Most businesses that are looking to invest

83、say their timing is either 2023(23%)or 2024(52%).Only 25%say they will be waiting until 2025 or later(2.42).Business owners who are considering EV charger investment mention customer demand,their company sustainability commitments,market trend,bringing customers in for other services and products,te

84、sting the market,and funding availability as factors that are driving them to make this investment(2.43).FIGURE 2.41:CONSIDERING EV CHARGER INVESTMENTSource:TEI Electric Vehicle Market Insights 2024YesProbably yesProbably not No,neverCompany sustainability program directionOur customers are asking f

85、or EV charging/demand from customerMarket trend/everyone is doing itDrive customers to peripheral services offeredTesting the market for EV chargingNegative business impact if we dont add EV chargersNEVI(and other)funding availabilityOther53%53%47%39%33%29%1%20%010 20 30 40 50 60FIGURE 2.43:FACTORS

86、MOTIVATING BUSINESSES TO INVEST IN EV CHARGERSSource:TEI Electric Vehicle Market Insights 2024$48%11%52%23%25%5%8%5%5%13%5%48%11%5%8%5%5%13%5%FIGURE 2.42:EXPECTED YEAR OF ESTABLISHING EV CHARGING STATIONSource:TEI Electric Vehicle Market Insights 2024This year,2023Next year,2024Further in the future

87、,2025 and beyondTRANSPORTATION ENERGY INSTITUTE|EVC|ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET INSIGHTS40TeslaSiemensChargePointHyundaiSchneider ElectricElectrify AmericaEVBoxShellEVGoTritiumBlink/SemaConnectKempowerCyber SwitchingFreeWireBPABBWebastoRWEBTCFLOEfacecDont know49%30%21%19%16%16%16%12%5%5%4%4%3%3%2%6%12%9

88、%7%7%6%6%010203040my nibh euismod tincidunt ut laoreet dolore magna aliquam erat volutpat.Ut FIGURE 2.44:PREFERRED CHARGER COMPANIES(EV charger-interested businesses,n=129)Source:TEI Electric Vehicle Market Insights 2024When businesses that are interested in EV chargers were asked which charger comp

89、anies they would partner with to install EV chargers at their locations,survey participants responses were a mix of OEMs and network providers.About half of site hosts(49%)say they would prefer adding Tesla units to their sites.This is followed by Siemens(30%)and ChargePoint(21%)(2.44).Asked about t

90、heir reasons for choosing those specific companies,businesses interested in EV chargers mention the companys reputation for providing quality services and products(48%)and brand recognition(42%)as the key attributes they are looking at as the basis for their decision(2.45).Businesses that are curren

91、tly not interested in adding EV chargers to their locations cite several factors that are holding them back from venturing into the EV charger space.Topping the list of reasons are not enough space at locations(48%),no demand from customers at their locations(48%),and perceptions of the market as no

92、t big and mature enough for them to invest currently(35%)(2.46).FIGURE 2.45:REASONS FOR CHOOSING SPECIFIC COMPANIES(n=115)FIGURE 2.46:FACTORS HOLDING BUSINESSES BACK FROM INVESTING IN EV CHARGERS(Businesses not interested in EV chargers,n=23)REASONQuality service/highest quality products48%Brand rec

93、ognition/familiar with42%Applicability17%Affordability/good price16%Recommended/“the best”or“a leader”12%Reliability11%Safety10%Fits the demographic7%Availability3%REASONNot enough space at locations48%No demand from customers48%Market is not big/mature enough to invest at this time35%No expertise o

94、r staff to support EV chargers22%Too expensive17%Too complicated to work on17%Lack of upper management support13%Electricity utility provider is not ready to support13%Insufficient ROI9%Other9%TRANSPORTATION ENERGY INSTITUTE|EVC|ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET INSIGHTS41Phase 3 In-Depth Individual Interview

95、s with Major Site Hosts and Charger Operators in North America and the EUTRANSPORTATION ENERGY INSTITUTE|EVC|ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET INSIGHTSKey Takeaways From The Interviews Treat EV charging services as a business right from the beginning,not as a sustainability program.Local governments tend to b

96、e supportive in assisting with installation of EV chargers.Think about lead times for EV charger equipment to be delivered once ordered.Lead times can be as long as a year.Getting local utilities to be responsive is one of the biggest issues businesses face.Fully understand the details of how utilit

97、ies will charge for the electricity delivered to EV charger sites.Demand charges are a considerable expense.In the US,most locations are using apps for payment,not credit cards.In the EU,multiple payment options include contactless payment methods,credit/debit cards,apps,and RFID cards.EV charging i

98、s not a significant revenue stream currently.Traditional liquid fuel customers are not complaining about EV chargers.There is no“playbook”for EV charger installation.Businesses are learning as they go along.Government grants to install EV chargers have helped this learning curve.Pricing transparency

99、 is key.At the customer level,price is a major sticking point educating customers to understand the factors that go into pricing EV charging is important for managing expectations.For the site hosts themselves,access to data on utility costs,demand charges,and customer data is pertinent in their bus

100、iness partnerships with charger providers.Invest in amenities and payment methods that foster a satisfying and seamless customer experience.TRANSPORTATION ENERGY INSTITUTE|EVC|ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET INSIGHTS4242EV CHARGING SITE HOSTS PROFILE Site hosts currently operating in North America and the E

101、U who were interviewed for this phase of the study have between 12 and 700 individual charging units at their locations.These businesses operate in 893 locations across their operating regions.Their core business is typically a convenience store.When asked about the charging unit suppliers they have

102、 arrangements with to operate their EV charger business,the site hosts reported that these suppliers are either third-party operators(like Tesla,EVGo,and Electrify America)or system providers(like ChargePoint,BTC,and FreeWire).FACTORS INFLUENCING INVESTMENT IN INSTALLING EV CHARGERSWhen asked about

103、what influenced them to invest in EV chargers,the key themes that emerged from their responses were:Preparing for the future.A wave of EVs is coming,and businesses need to be prepared for the change.An asset that is viable.Site hosts believe that EV chargers are here to stay,and businesses need to b

104、e ready to fulfill customer demand.Exploration.Businesses venturing into the EV charging space are seeking to understand who the customers are,how much they can charge them,what makes EV charging different from liquid fuel purchasing,if EV charger customers will come into the stores,what the pain po

105、ints are,and how will existing liquid fuel customers react to EV chargers?A business opportunity was presented to diversify their income by leasing on their lots to bring in new customers:EV drivers.SOURCES OF FUNDINGSite hosts revealed that they have received funding from federal and state programs

106、 and grants.Two programs mentioned by interviewees were the NEVI program and the VW funding.The NEVI program(established in 2021)is creating an attractive atmosphere for the EV industry.However,it comes with hurdles.There is a lot of interest in the funding,causing crowding in the application proces

107、s.s.There are requirements for NEVI funding,such as bathrooms,lighting,minimum downtime etc.s.NEVI is inflexible.Site hosts said that NEVI is very heavily focused on building out infrastructure along highways.s.The incentives are making EV charger installation attractive,because without them,it can

108、be tough to sell the idea to company leadership,and it is difficult to make a business case for it.The VW funding(established in 2017)is currently available in only two states.This funding is helping companies test out EV charging stations.$92%8%51%LESS LIFETIME GHG EMISSIONS THAN ICEVs77%USE PUBLIC

109、 CHARGERSTRANSPORTATION ENERGY INSTITUTE|EVC|ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET INSIGHTS43EXPERIENCES WITH LOCAL GOVERNMENT PERMITTING AND LICENSINGIn trying to understand the site hosts experiences when they were starting up their EV charger business,interviewees were asked about their perceptions of their lo

110、cal governments permitting and licensing process.Interviewees in North America stated that overall,governments are very cooperative in assisting them with installing EV chargers.However,there are differences between jurisdictions.Permitting and licensing run the gamut and it is hard to predict what

111、kind of support a company will receive.Also,permitting in the US can be intensive and litigious;hence,in some locations,permitting is a big burden.In the EU,obtaining permits is seen as complex and time-consuming.Local governments have their own regulations and requirements for installing charging s

112、tations.Operators therefore have to navigate through paperwork,zoning regulations,and inspections specific to the locations they are applying for.However,overall,most local governments were supportive of the transition to EVs and worked with site hosts to overcome challenges.BUSINESS MODELS AND SERV

113、ICE LEVEL AGREEMENTSTo get an idea of the business arrangements site hosts have with their EV charger suppliers,they were asked to describe the business model and service level agreements(SLAs)they have put in place.In the US,EV charger site hosts operate various business models with different types

114、 of SLAs.Site hosts that lease to partners only have access to top-line data,and information disclosed varies among partners.This information can include:High-level data such as number of charges per month at locations How much they are charging the EV driver and the revenue from it The speed of cha

115、rging and how much power they are pulling from the grid with the kilowatt hours Utilization:charge session counts,the number of vehicles that visit a station on a monthly basis,and dwell time(how long people are staying)Site hosts reported that they do not have access to utility costs,demand charges

116、,and other cost indicators.They mentioned the lack of transparency about what the monthly demand charge on the utility bill is or any of the costs of the charging.Those who lease space to charger hosts also said that normally they do not get access to the charging hosts costs to buy electricity,how

117、much their electric bills are,and how those charges equate to what the monthly demand charge is.In the EU,site hosts and charger operators focus on building high-power charging hubs with a level of comfort and service similar to that of traditional petrol stations.Charger operators use proprietary o

118、perating systems for remote monitoring and management of charging stations.These systems track usage,manage payments,and perform maintenance tasks.TRANSPORTATION ENERGY INSTITUTE|EVC|ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET INSIGHTS44INSTALLATION PROCESSAccording to North American site hosts,the amount of time betwe

119、en ordering the EV charger units and the installation process varies from 2 to 18 months.They mentioned that utility companies cite challenges in response to growing demand from the EV industry.EV charging can put significant stress on utility companies existing systems and processes and they are no

120、t necessarily keeping up with demand for charger installations given their other competing demands.In the EU,where the EV charger market is more mature,site hosts said that the installation process can be complex.It requires effective project management to complete installations within agreed-upon t

121、ime frames.The process involves site surveys to assess location and power supply requirements,collaboration with local contractors for electrical infrastructure installation,and coordination with stakeholders such as property owners,utility companies,and local authorities.EU companies emphasized tha

122、t the availability or lack thereof of high-power grid connections can be a bottleneck in the installation process.OPERATING SYSTEMSIn North America,operating system warranties are covered by manufacturers for most site hosts,while the maintenance package is typically covered under a separate agreeme

123、nt with a service provider.There are three types of arrangement:Warranty is completely covered by the manufacturer.The maintenance package is essentially the warranty.The charger operators own the infrastructure and are responsible for it throughout the term.In the EU,site hosts own and operate thei

124、r EV charger infrastructure and have proprietary responsibility over all their operations.The systems they put in place track EV charger units usage and perform maintenance checks at all their locations.FEE STRUCTURESome site hosts in North America do not pay any fees,while others did not feel free

125、to disclose their fee structure.In the EU,site hosts reported that they pay a per-use fee to the charging operator based on energy consumption.TRANSPORTATION ENERGY INSTITUTE|EVC|ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET INSIGHTSTRANSPORTATION ENERGY INSTITUTE|EVC|ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET INSIGHTS45CUSTOMER PAYMENT AN

126、D PRICING STRUCTUREIn North America,most customers pay through their network app for a charging session.This payment system involves an ACH-type program.If a customer has paid for a subscription when they purchased their vehicle,they pay from their account as they charge,or they set up“pay as you go

127、”through a credit card.Some site host companies stated that their customer payment metric varies from site to site.Some site hosts charge customers per minute or per kilowatt hour.There is a great deal of variety in their pricing structures,but the common sentiment among site hosts is that demand ch

128、arges are a big factor in how they charge customers for the services they offer.One company mentioned that their pricing structure is not that different from liquid fuel pricing.They consider the cost of electricity,the utilization rate at the site,and the competitive dynamic in the area.The biggest

129、 difference is that electricity itself is relatively cheap,however,the value in the service is the amount of electricity delivered in a short period of time.This provides the charger operator with flexibility in pricing strategy.in DCFC systems it is delivered In the EU,there are multiple payment op

130、tions:contactless payment methods,credit/debit cards,mobile apps,and RFID cards.Site hosts highlighted that their focus is on providing a seamless and user-friendly payment experience.MARKETING EV CHARGINGIn North America,most companies have done very minimal marketing of their EV charging capabilit

131、ies.Many are leaving the marketing of EV chargers to the EV charger companies,especially Tesla.Some site hosts are posting on social media to advertise their EV chargers.Some are advertising promotions and rewards at the charger itself,but this tactic has had little traction.The most aggressive mark

132、eting efforts are done at the local and regional levels and have tie-ins with local events and sports teams.In the EU,site hosts revealed that their marketing strategy has been emphasizing an awareness of EV benefits and the convenience of charging services.They have employed a mix of digital market

133、ing,targeted advertising,collaborations with EV dealerships,and industry event participation.INSIGHTS INTO DAILY OPERATIONIn North America,site hosts(most of whom operate convenience and fuel retailing businesses)observed that EV charging has caused a disruption in their traditional industry.To them

134、,it is not clear what charging standards will be instituted in the future.Charging operators realize that the EV charging industry is still in the adoption curve.They see that some sites are making a profit and others are losing money.North American site hosts reported that maintenance of the EV cha

135、rger units is not much of an issue.The few problems they cited are physical damage to the plug,the cables being ripped off,or a charger being hit by a car.They also mentioned a problem called“ICEing,”when a non-electric vehicle(i.e.,a vehicle with an internal combustion engine;hence the term“ICE”)in

136、tentionally or unintentionally parks in an EV charging spot,blocking EV drivers access to an EV charger.Site hosts also mentioned that getting access to data and having it integrated into their standard point of sale and their business analytics systems is a need.They emphasized that they need more

137、visibility into what is happening to improve the customer experience.They also underscored the importance of their partnership with charger manufacturers to maintain TRANSPORTATION ENERGY INSTITUTE|EVC|ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET INSIGHTS46the reliability of the chargers and minimize downtime of the EV

138、charger units.In the EU,companies recognize the importance of establishing effective communication channels with customers,manufacturers,and government agencies to address issues and improve charging experiences.INSIGHTS INTO PROFITABILITYSite hosts in North America said EV charging is not yet a sig

139、nificant source of revenue for most companies.Tesla chargers tend to be the most used.Revenue is mostly a fixed arrangement between the charging infrastructure provider and the operators,agreed upon when the contract is drawn up.A fixed rebate per charge is typical.Site hosts that own the charging u

140、nits highlighted that demand charges are a major concern.To them,it is critical to understand how utilities will bill a site for its electricity supply.They advise other businesses trying to venture into the EV charger space to consider all variables when planning to expand.They said that potential

141、site hosts need to proceed with caution.The standardization of chargers has not been finalized yet.1 They suggest a site-specific approach to a business development plan and caution that there is a lot of variation across site networks and some sites are inherently not conducive to EV charger invest

142、ment.Space allocation and the cost of land is another major consideration.Land is much more expensive in urban areas.North American site hosts reported that,at this time,government investment is the main driver for EV charging expansion.They said the market opportunity is there,and funding is availa

143、ble for it.If businesses dont think they can profit in the short term,a check from the government will give them 1 Note:The interviews were conducted before broad industry adoption of the North American Charging Standard(NACS).the infusion they need to explore the EV charger space.However,while ther

144、e is an appetite to own and operate EV chargers,site hosts are not in a hurry to invest for the long term.They are assessing the business itself and learning while they try different business models before they make significant investments.In the current market conditions,site hosts are focused on d

145、eveloping their locations so they can easily expand their EV charger capacity to handle future demand.They are laying conduits underground and doing electrical upgrades now to be ready for quick expansion later.In the EU,site hosts and charger operators are experiencing a similar business scenario.T

146、hey are focused on government incentives and subsidies to improve profitability.They are,however,wary about potential changes in energy costs.They are monitoring and adapting to fluctuating energy costs and distribution fees affecting their profitability.INSIGHTS FROM CUSTOMERSSite hosts in North Am

147、ericaare gaining brand recognition by offering EV chargers,which are often viewed as a green initiative.They reported that positive customer experience helped them finalize partnerships with EV charger manufacturers manufacturers want to partner with specific site hosts because of positive customer

148、feedback at their locations.Site hosts also observed that positive EV charging experiences are linked to amenities offered at their locations.Large lots,lighting,clean restrooms,food and drink offerings,Wi-Fi,places to eat,vacuums,and 24/7 operations all add to EV driver customer satisfaction.On the

149、 other hand,pricing tends to be a sticking point with EV drivers.They are unaware of how TRANSPORTATION ENERGY INSTITUTE|EVC|ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET INSIGHTS47they are charged and how the price of charging is established.In the EU,EV charger site hosts observed that customers appreciate the ability

150、to pay for charging without the need for an app or subscription.Like US EV drivers,EU customers desire a satisfactory experience at charging locations with the complete suite of amenities with restrooms,seating areas,vending machines,and fast internet access topping the list.LESSONS LEARNEDIn North

151、America,the main themes that emerged from EV charger site hosts experience are:Government subsidies are giving site hosts the opportunity to learn about the business and establish a network before customer demand increases.Know your utility bill.This is important in terms of both site selection and

152、utilization.Potential site hosts are learning that knowing what the utility bill will be and understanding the market potential of specific sites are important before plunging into the business.Site hosts must familiarize themselves with the utility rate structure for every site.They need to know wh

153、at they expect the demand to be and what the rate structures are in order to model their return on investment.Businesses need to think about the long term.They need to consider the possibility that their EV charger manufacturer will say they can no longer service its chargers because the models are

154、outdated or the parts are no longer available.Some site hosts are cautious of availing themselves of the NEVI program funding because of concerns about high demand charges.One site host observed that for a 150-kilowatt minimum for four chargers,a$10 per kilowatt demand charge would equal a$6,000 mon

155、thly fee which quickly adds up.According to their calculation,revenue from customer charging sessions will take three to five years to cover those costs.They expressed the need for legislative regulatory changes to address this.The amount of time it takes to charge limits the number of customers tha

156、t can be serviced in a day.EV drivers take an average of 30 minutes to charge their vehicle.Business should explore marketing support to drive customers to charging sites.External apps,car manufacturers equipment,and other channels are effective ways to draw EV charger customers.Site hosts need to t

157、reat the EV charger service as a business at the outset,rather than a sustainability program.They need to look ahead to scalability and apply lessons learned along the way to develop a longer-term business plan.Getting into the business is the best way to understand the business.In the EU,site hosts

158、 emphasize:Continuous improvement.They recommend focusing on educating customers,improving infrastructure,and developing user-friendly interfaces.The importance of customer comfort.Providing a comfortable and enjoyable charging experience contributes to customer satisfaction and loyalty.Anticipating

159、 and adapting to market changes.Staying updated on market trends,regulatory changes,and technological advancements is important to remain competitive.TRANSPORTATION ENERGY INSTITUTE|EVC|ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET INSIGHTS48RESULTSPhase 4 Survey with Non-EV Drivers TRANSPORTATION ENERGY INSTITUTE|EVC|EL

160、ECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET INSIGHTSKey Findings About one in five current drivers will seriously consider an EV for their next vehicle,and about 40%say they are at least somewhat interested.Costs are the main factor drivers consider when thinking about whether or not they would get an EV in the near futu

161、re.Tesla,Toyota,and Ford top the list of brands that drivers will consider for an EV vehicle.Half of drivers think they have EV chargers in the area where they live,and 71%of likely EV car buyers say it would be easy to find charging stations.Only a quarter of drivers say they have charging faciliti

162、es at their place of work.Of those who are not considering an EV for their next vehicle,22%cite the lack of access to charging stations as a major reason for not being interested in an EV.TRANSPORTATION ENERGY INSTITUTE|EVC|ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET INSIGHTS49Phase 4 Survey ResultsNote:The findings fr

163、om this survey are based on the responses of those who participated in the survey.Results of other surveys or market studies may vary from these results.For this study,results are accurate for the 1,010 individuals who participated in this survey.VEHICLE OWNERSHIPAbout half of adult Americans(47%)ow

164、n or lease one vehicle,while a third(30%)have two vehicles.Just 12%of Americans own or lease more than two vehicles(4.1).A majority of Americans(90%)drive gas-powered vehicles.Less than 10%own either a hybrid(8%),diesel-powered(5%),or electric vehicle(4%)(4.2).NoneOne Two Three Four Five or more11%4

165、7%30%9%3%1%010203040 Gas-powered vehicle Hybrid Diesel-powered vehicle EVDont own,rent,or drive a vehicle Dont know90%8%5%4%1%1%020406080FIGURE 4.1:NUMBER OF VEHICLES OWNED OR LEASED (US drivers,N=1010)FIGURE 4.2:TYPE OF VEHICLES(non-EV owner/lessor,N=890)Source:TEI Electric Vehicle Market Insights

166、2024Source:TEI Electric Vehicle Market Insights 2024TRANSPORTATION ENERGY INSTITUTE|EVC|ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET INSIGHTS50FIGURE 4.3:LIKELIHOOD TO PURCHASE OR LEASE ANOTHER VEHICLE IN THE NEXT 2 YEARSFIGURE 4.4:LIKELIHOOD TO PURCHASE AN EV IN THE NEXT 2 YEARSNon-EV owner/lessor(n=890)Source:TEI Elec

167、tric Vehicle Market Insights 2024Non-EV owner/lessor(n=890)Source:TEI Electric Vehicle Market Insights 2024Extremely likelyVery likelySomewhat likelyNot very likelyNot at all likely Extremely likelyVery likelySomewhat likelyNot very likelyNot at all likely$02040608010022%15%20%16%26%3%92%8%5%8%5%5%1

168、3%5%Likely(NET):62%Not likely(NET):38%$02040608010027%30%11%25%7%92%8%5%8%5%5%13%5%Likely(NET):18%Not likely(NET):57%LIKELIHOOD TO PURCHASE OR LEASE AN EVAbout four in ten drivers say they are very likely to purchase or lease another vehicle of any type in the next two years,and six in ten are at le

169、ast somewhat likely(4.3).About one-fifth of drivers(18%)say they are very likely to purchase or lease an EV in the next two years,and about two-fifths(43%)are at least somewhat likely.A little over half of drivers(57%)are not likely to purchase an EV for their next car(4.4).TRANSPORTATION ENERGY INS

170、TITUTE|EVC|ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET INSIGHTS51Those drivers interested in purchasing an EV say lower costs of operation(39%),concerns for the environment(34%),the brand and technology(20%),their perception of the need for an electric vehicle(15%),and vehicle features(13%)are the factors driving their

171、 decision(4.5).The top five brands of EV vehicles that drivers are considering are Tesla(45%),Toyota(44%),Ford(29%),Hyundai(25%),and Nissan(23%)(4.6).Those likely to purchase an EV say lower costs of operation and concerns for the environment are the factors driving their decisionFIGURE 4.5:REASONS

172、FOR CONSIDERING PURCHASING OR LEASING AN EV FOR NEXT VEHICLECOST (39%)ENVIRONMENT(34%)BRAND AND TECHNOLOGY(20%)USAGE/NEED(15%)VEHICLE FEATURES (13%)High gas prices/save on fuel costs Save money/cheaper(unspecified)Cost effective/cheaper in long run Depends on price/deal Price of vehicle/more afforda

173、ble now Tax credit Lower cost of maintenance Other cost comments Good/better for environment/eco-friendly Lower emissions/carbon output/pollution Global warming/climate change Reduces use of fossil fuels Other environment comments Wave of future/will eventually be mandatory Good/great/like it Innova

174、tive/different/new Brand/model mentions only Improved technology Good/trusted brand More popular Other miscellaneous comments Want to own/lease/try one More charging stations/easier to charge/can charge at home Meets my needs Own(ed)/good experience with EV/hybrid vehicle Requires less maintenance D

175、ont drive often/long distances Want/need a new car Other usage/need comments Good/better mileage/fuel efficient Design/appearance of vehicle Quieter More power/torque Other vehicle comments$48%11%92%8%34%39%51%LESS LIFETIME GHG EMISSIONS THAN ICEVsLikelyDUE TO:LOWER COSTS OF OPERATION AND CONCERNS F

176、OR THE ENVIRONMENT Tesla Toyota Ford Hyundai Nissan General Motors Kia BMW Audi Mercedes-Benz Volkswagen Volvo Rivian Lucid OtherDont know01020304045%44%29%25%23%22%20%19%15%14%12%12%6%4%6%4%FIGURE 4.6:EV BRANDS BEING CONSIDEREDSource:TEI Electric Vehicle Market Insights 2024TRANSPORTATION ENERGY IN

177、STITUTE|EVC|ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET INSIGHTS52Those not likely to purchase an EV in the near future cite higher costs of purchase price and cost of operating an EV(36%)as their top concerns.About one in five(22%)cite charging difficulties as their top concern about owning an EV(4.7).Those not likely

178、 to purchase an EV cite higher costs of purchase price and operations,with 22%citing charging difficultiesFIGURE 4.7:REASONS FOR NOT CONSIDERING PURCHASING OR LEASING AND EV FOR NEXT VEHICLECOST (36%)A VARIETY OF REASONS(35%)CHARGING (22%)USAGE/NEED(21%)VEHICLE FEATURES (13%)ENVIRON-MENT(4%)Too/more

179、 expensive/cant afford Cost of batteries Cost/price(unspecified)Cost of charging/increased utility bill Cost of maintenance Other cost comments Not reliable/dependable/dont trust them Dont want one/not interested/not my thing(unspecified)Bad/dislike/hate them(unspecified)Dont know enough/need more i

180、nformation Too new/untested/not fully developed Problems/glitches/issues(unspecified)Unsafe/dangerous(unspecified)Lack of charging stations/infrastructure/grid Not able to charge at home Difficult/inconvenient to charge Long time to charge Have to find/dont know location of charging stations Other c

181、harging comments Prefer/happy with gas vehicles Satisfied with current vehicle No need for another/new vehicle Inconvenient/hassle Difficult to maintain/service Not useful in my climate/region Other usage/need comments Lack of range/cant go long distances Fire hazard/batteries catch fire/explode Cou

182、ld run out of power/leave me stranded Lacks power/torque/towing capacity Other vehicle comments Bad for environment(unspecified)Environmental impact of battery disposal/not recyclable Environmental impact of mining for/manufacturing battery Other environment comments$48%11%92%8%22%51%LESS LIFETIME G

183、HG EMISSIONS THAN ICEVsNot likelyDUE TO:PURCHASE COSTSAND CHARGING DIFFICULTIES TRANSPORTATION ENERGY INSTITUTE|EVC|ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET INSIGHTS53$02040608010022%25%46%7%92%8%5%8%5%5%13%5%Eceeded/Met expectations(NET):98%Eceeded expectations(NET):64%ACCESS TO CHARGINGAbout half of drivers(49%)sa

184、y they have access to EV charging stations in their area of residence.The other half either do not know if there are EV chargers near their residence(23%)or think there are none(28%)(4.8).Only a quarter of drivers(25%)say they have access to EV chargers at their place of work.Most drivers(64%)say th

185、ey do not have access to EV chargers in the area where they work(4.9).Among those considering buying an EV for their next car,71%think it would be easy for them to find public charging stations in their communities.Less than a third(29%)say it would be difficult to find an EV charger in their commun

186、ity(4.10).FIGURE 4.10:EASE OF LOCATING EV CHARGERS IN THEIR COMMUNITIES(considering buying an EV,n=396)Source:TEI Electric Vehicle Market Insights 2024Very easySomewhat easyNot very easy Not at all easy$48%11%28%23%49%5%8%5%5%13%5%48%11%5%8%5%5%13%5%$48%11%64%11%25%5%8%5%5%13%5%48%11%5%8%5%5%13%5%FI

187、GURE 4.9:ACCESS TO CHARGING AT WORKPLACEFIGURE 4.8 ACCESS TO CHARGING AT AREA OF RESIDENCESource:TEI Electric Vehicle Market Insights 2024Source:TEI Electric Vehicle Market Insights 2024Yes,there are EV charging stations in the areaNo,there arent any EV charging stations in the areaDont knowYes,ther

188、e are EV chargers where I workNo,there arent any EV chargers where I workDont knowTRANSPORTATION ENERGY INSTITUTE|EVC|ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET INSIGHTS5454APPENDICESTRANSPORTATION ENERGY INSTITUTE|EVC|ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET INSIGHTS55APPENDIX ADrivers Sociodemographic DataTABLE A-1:US EV DRIVERS SOC

189、IODEMOGRAPHIC DATAUS EV DRIVERS EV DRIVES TOTAL(n=500)OWN EV(n=462)LEASE EV(n=38)GenderMale66%66%63%Female34%34%37%Age183422%23%18%55+14%14%11%55+14%14%11%US RegionNortheast13%12%18%South23%23%29%Midwest10%10%8%West54%55%45%EthnicityWhite74%73%89%Hispanic13%13%3%Black5%5%5%Asian6%7%3%Multi-race1%1%-

190、Other1%1%-Marital StatusMarried/civil union73%76%42%Living with partner6%5%16%Single15%14%26%Divorced5%5%8%Separated1%*8%Widowed1%1%-Prefer not to answer*10%8%EducationHigh school or less9%9%5%Some college12%11%16%Associate degree(vocational/technical)10%10%8%US EV DRIVERS EV DRIVES TOTAL(n=500)OWN

191、EV(n=462)LEASE EV(n=38)Education(cont.)Bachelors degree39%38%45%Postgraduate degree31%31%26%Employ-mentFull-time82%83%74%Part-time4%4%5%Self-employed3%3%11%Not employed1%1%-Retired7%7%8%Student1%1%3%Stay at home spouse/partner2%3%-Household income$30,0000*-5%$30,000$50,0004%5%-$50,000$75,00013%13%18

192、%$75,000$100,00026%25%34%$100,000$200,00042%42%34%$200,000$300,0009%9%8%$300,000+6%6%-Decline*-Area of primary residenceUrban54%55%47%Suburban40%40%39%Rural6%5%13%Not employed1%1%-Retired7%7%8%Table A-1 Continued on next page.Source:TEI Electric Vehicle Market Insights 2024TRANSPORTATION ENERGY INST

193、ITUTE|EVC|ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET INSIGHTS56Continued from previous page.TABLE A-1:US EV DRIVERS SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC DATAUS EV DRIVERS EV DRIVES TOTAL(n=500)OWN EV(n=462)LEASE EV(n=38)Home ownershipRent15%13%47%Own85%87%53%Type of homeDetached single family home with a garage65%66%47%Detached single fa

194、mily home without a garage5%4%13%Attached townhome with a garage20%20%18%Attached townhome without a garage2%2%8%Condominium unit3%4%-Unit in a rental apartment3%3%11%Mobile home1%*3%Other*-Decline to answer*-Children in household0 37%36%50%12 55%56%47%3+7%7%3%Access to chargers at residenceYes93%93

195、%92%No7%7%8%Source:TEI Electric Vehicle Market Insights 2024TRANSPORTATION ENERGY INSTITUTE|EVC|ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET INSIGHTS57TABLE A-2:US NON-EV DRIVERS SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC DATAUS NON-EV DRIVERS TOTAL(n=100)GenderMale48%Female51%Age182411%253417%354417%455416%556417%65+22%US RegionNortheast17%Sout

196、h38%Midwest21%West24%EthnicityWhite62%Hispanic17%Black14%Asian4%Hawaiian/Pacific Islander/Native American/Alaskan Native2%Other1%Marital StatusMarried42%Living with a partner11%Single29%Divorced11%Separated2%Widowed5%EducationHigh school or less39%Vocational/technical/12%associate degree10%Some coll

197、ege16%Bachelors degree25%Postgraduate degree10%US NON-EV DRIVERS TOTAL(n=100)EmploymentFull-time41%Part-time8%Self-employed7%Not employed,looking8%Not employed,not looking1%Not employed,unable6%Retired21%Student4%Stay at home spouse/partner4%Household income$35,000033%$35,000$50,00016%$50,000$75,000

198、18%$75,000$100,00010%$100,000$150,00015%$150,000$200,0004%$200,000+3%Home ownershipOwn54%Rent38%Live with others at no cost8%Children in household070%114%210%34%4 or more2%Type of community High school or less39%Urban30%12%Suburban47%Rural23%Table A-2 Continued on next page.Source:TEI Electric Vehic

199、le Market Insights 2024TRANSPORTATION ENERGY INSTITUTE|EVC|ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET INSIGHTS58US NON-EV DRIVERS TOTAL(n=100)Type of homeDetached single family home with a garage48%Detached single family home without a garage15%Attached townhome with a garage5%Attached townhome without a garage3%Condo

200、minium unit6%Unit in a rental apartment15%Mobile home6%Other2%Access to EV chargers at place of residenceYes49%No28%Dont know23%Access to EV chargers at place of workYes25%No64%Dont know11%Continued from previous page.TABLE A-2:US NON-EV DRIVERS SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC DATASource:TEI Electric Vehicle Marke

201、t Insights 2024TRANSPORTATION ENERGY INSTITUTE|EVC|ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET INSIGHTS59APPENDIX BEV ModelsTABLE B-1:EV MODELS USED BY EV DRIVERSELECTRIC VEHICLETOTALOWNLEASETesla models(n=300)100%95%5%Tesla Model S34%34%36%Tesla Model 326%26%43%Tesla Model Y24%25%-Tesla Model X16%16%21%Nissan models (

202、n=45)100%84%16%Nissan Leaf40%39%43%Nissan Ariya31%34%14%Nissan Sakura22%18%43%Nissan e-NV2007%8%-Audi models(n=39)100%92%8%Audi Q4 e-tron46%44%67%Audi e-tron GT33%33%33%Audi Q8 e-tron21%22%-Ford models(n=34)100%88%12%Ford F-150 Lightning44%50%-Ford Mustang Mach-E44%40%75%Ford E-Transit12%10%25%Nissa

203、n e-NV2007%8%-Kia models(n=25)100%92%8%Kia EV636%39%-Kia Niro EV/e-Niro24%22%50%Kia Soul EV24%22%50%Kia Bongo EV8%9%-Kia Ray EV8%9%-Toyota models(n=23)100%91%9%Toyota Proace Electric43%38%100%Toyota bZ4X35%38%-Toyota Proace City Electric22%24%-ELECTRIC VEHICLETOTALOWNLEASEBMW models(n=23)100%100%-BM

204、W iX39%39%-BMW i435%35%-BMW i726%26%-Hyundai models(n=21)100%71%29%Hyundai Kona Electric52%47%67%Hyundai Porter2 Electric29%33%17%Hyundai Ioniq 510%7%17%Hyundai Ioniq 610%13%-GM models(n=12)100%92%8%Chevrolet Bolt EV58%64%-Chevrolet Bolt EUV33%36%-Cadillac Lyriq8%-100%BrightDrop Zevo-Volkswagen mode

205、ls(n=12)100%100%-Volkswagen ID.442%42%-Volkswagen e-Crafter25%25%-Volkswagen e-up!17%17%-Volkswagen ID.Buzz17%17%-Volkswagen ID.3-Volkswagen ID.5-Lucid models(n=10)100%90%10%Lucid Touring70%78%-Lucid Pure20%11%100%Lucid Sapphire10%11%-Lucid Grand Touring-Table B-1 Continued on next page.Source:TEI E

206、lectric Vehicle Market Insights 2024TRANSPORTATION ENERGY INSTITUTE|EVC|ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET INSIGHTS60TABLE B-1:EV MODELS USED BY EV DRIVERSContinued from previous page.ELECTRIC VEHICLETOTALOWNLEASEMercedes Benz models(n=9)100%100%-Mercedes EQS 580 4MATIC33%33%-Mercedes EQS 450+22%22%-Mercedes E

207、QE 500 4MATIC22%22%-Mercedes EQB 300 4MATIC11%11%-Mercedes EQS 450 4MATIC11%11%-Mercedes EQB 350 4MATIC-Mercedes EQE 350+-Mercedes EQE 350 4MATIC-Mercedes AMG EQE-Rivian models(n=8)100%100%Rivian R1S50%50%-Rivian R1T50%50%-Volvo models(n=8)100%100%8%Volvo XC40 Recharge75%75%-Volvo C40 Recharge13%13%

208、-Volvo EX9013%13%-Source:TEI Electric Vehicle Market Insights 2024TRANSPORTATION ENERGY INSTITUTE|EVC|ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET INSIGHTS61APPENDIX CDemographic DataTABLE C-1:US SITE HOSTS DEMOGRAPHIC DATA US SITE HOSTSTOTAL(n=251)EV CHARGER SITE HOSTS(n=99)NON-EV CHARGER BUSINESSES (n=152)Years in bus

209、iness20 years19%21%17%Number of locations15 locations90%86%92%610 locations5%7%3%11+locations6%7%5%Number of locations that offer EV charging12 locations25%63%-35 locations10%24%-6+locations5%13%-Company sizeSmall business60%60%60%Mid-market enterprise38%37%38%Large enterprise2%3%2%Area of primary b

210、usiness operationUrban 56%58%55%Suburban38%35%40%Rural6%7%5%US RegionNortheast 13%9%15%Midwest12%20%6%South24%29%21%West51%41%58%Source:TEI Electric Vehicle Market Insights 2024TRANSPORTATION ENERGY INSTITUTE|EVC|ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET INSIGHTS62About the Electric Vehicle CouncilThe Electric Vehicl

211、e Council is a non-advocacy organization whose mission is to coordinate the efforts of organizations actively engaged in supporting the deployment of EV charging infrastructure.The EV Council works to distribute existing research and education materials to amplify and enhance its value to the market

212、,as well as conducts original research to fill gaps in knowledge and further educate interested stakeholders concerning the opportunities,challenges,and successful strategies associated with the installation and operation of EV charging stations.For more information on the Electric Vehicle Council a

213、nd a current list of members,please visit:transportationenergy.org/councils/electric-vehicle-councilAbout the Transportation Energy InstituteThe Transportation Energy Institute,founded by NACS in 2013,is a 501(c)(4)nonprofit research-oriented think tank dedicated to evaluating the market issues rela

214、ted to vehicles and the fuels that power them.By bringing together diverse stakeholders of the transportation and fuels markets,the Institute helps to identify opportunities and challenges associated with new technologies and to facilitate industry coordination to help ensure that consumers derive t

215、he greatest benefit.The Transportation Energy Institute commissions and publishes comprehensive,fact-based research projects that address the interests of the affected stakeholders.Such publications will help to inform both business owners considering long-term investment decisions and policymakers

216、considering legislation and regulations affecting the market.Research is independent and unbiased,designed to answer questions,not advocate a specific outcome.Participants in the Transportation Energy Institute are dedicated to promoting facts and providing decision makers with the most credible inf

217、ormation possible so that the market can deliver the best in vehicle and fueling options to the consumer.For more about the Transportation Energy Institute visit transportationenergy.orgTRANSPORTATION ENERGY INSTITUTE STAFFFor a list of current Fuels Institute Board members and financial supporters,

218、please visit transportationenergy.org.2024 Transportation Energy Institute Disclaimer:The opinions and views expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the individuals on the Transportation Energy Institute Board of Directors and the Transportation Energy Institute Board of Adviso

219、rs or any contributing organization to the Transportation Energy Institute.Transportation Energy Institute makes no warranty,express or implied,nor does it assume any legal liability or responsibility for the use of the report or any product or process described in these materials.John Eichberger Ex

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