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1、Globalalcoholaction plan 20222030 Resource mobilization Knowledge production and information systems and capacity-building Technical support and coordination Partnership,dialogue Advocacy,awareness and commitment Implementation of high-impact strategies and interventionsGlobalalcoholaction plan 2022

2、2030Global alcohol action plan 20222030.ISBN 978-92-4-009010-1(electronic version)ISBN 978-92-4-009011-8(print version)World Health Organization 2024Some rights reserved.This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0IGO licence(CCBY-NC-SA3.0IGO;https:/crea

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10、he delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.Dotted and dashed lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement.The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by WHO in prefer

11、ence to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned.Errors and omissions excepted,the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters.All reasonable precautions have been taken by WHO to verify the information contained in this publication.However,the published mater

12、ial is being distributed without warranty of any kind,either expressed or implied.The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader.In no event shall WHO be liable for damages arising from its use.iiiContentsForeword.ivAction plan(20222030)to effectively implemen

13、t the global strategy to reduce the harmful use of alcohol as a public health priority.1Background.1Setting the scene.1Global strategy to reduce the harmful use of alcohol and its implementation.2Goal of the action plan.8Operational objectives of the action plan.8Operational principles.9Key areas fo

14、r global action.10Action area 1:Implementation of high-impact strategies and interventions.11Action area 2:Advocacy,awareness and commitment.13Action area 3:Partnership,dialogue and coordination.16Action area 4:Technical support and capacity-building.20Action area 5:Knowledge production and informat

15、ion systems.23Action area 6:Resource mobilization.27Indicators and milestones for achieving global targets.30ivForewordAlcohol use is associated with many health risks,due to its intoxicating,toxic and dependence-producing properties.The impact of harmful alcohol use on health is far-reaching and ex

16、tends beyond those who drink,affecting others like victims of drink-driving and interpersonal violence,or children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.In 2010 the World Health Assembly endorsed the Global strategy to reduce the harmful use of alcohol,but its implementation has been uneven,and the

17、global burden of alcohol-related deaths and disability continues to be high.Cultural drinking norms and traditions,powerful commercial interests and often insufficient governance,funding and infrastructure are barriers to implementation of effective policies and interventions that could alleviate al

18、cohol-related harm.This Global alcohol action plan 20222030,adopted by the 75th World Health Assembly,has been developed to boost implementation of the Global strategy,by translating intentions and commitments into action,to achieve tangible results across an array of measurable targets.That will re

19、quire united efforts on the part of governments,intergovernmental organizations,UN entities,academia,professional associations and civil society organizations,working together towards the action plans objectives.WHO is committed to supporting all Member States to implement the Global alcohol action

20、plan to reduce alcohol-related harm,as we work together to fulfil our founding vision of the highest attainable standard of health for all people.Dr Tedros Adhanom GhebreyesusDirector-GeneralWorld Health Organization1Action plan(20222030)to effectively implement the global strategy to reduce the har

21、mful use of alcohol as a public health priority1,2BackgroundSetting the scene1.Alcohol consumption is deeply embedded in the social landscape of many societies.Several major factors have an impact on levels and patterns of alcohol consumption in populations such as historical trends in alcohol consu

22、mption,the availability of alcohol,culture,economic status and trends in the marketing3 of alcoholic beverages,as well as implemented alcohol control measures.At the individual level,the patterns and levels of alcohol consumption are determined by many different factors,including gender,age and indi

23、vidual biological and socioeconomic vulnerability factors,as well as the policy environment.Prevailing social norms that support drinking behaviour and mixed messages about the harms and benefits of drinking encourage alcohol consumption delay appropriate health-seeking behaviour and weaken communit

24、y action.2.Alcohol is a psychoactive substance with intoxicating and dependence-producing properties.The accumulated evidence indicates that alcohol consumption is associated with inherent health risks,although health consequences of alcohol consumption vary significantly in magnitude and nature amo

25、ng drinkers.At the population level,any level of alcohol consumption is associated with preventable net harms due to multiple health conditions such as injuries,alcohol use disorders(AUDs),liver diseases,cancers and cardiovascular diseases,as well as harms to persons other than drinkers.Several aspe

26、cts of drinking have an impact on the health consequences of alcohol consumption,namely the volume of alcohol consumed over time;the pattern of drinking,in particular drinking to intoxication;the drinking context;and the quality of the alcoholic beverage or its contamination with toxic substances su

27、ch as methanol.Repeated consumption of alcoholic beverages may lead to the development of AUDs,including alcohol dependence that is characterized by impaired regulation of alcohol consumption and manifested by impaired control over alcohol use,increasing precedence of alcohol use over other aspects

28、of life and specific physiological features.43.The current action plan refers to the“harmful use of alcohol”as defined in the global strategy to reduce the harmful use of alcohol as“drinking that causes detrimental health and social consequences for the drinker,the people around the drinker and soci

29、ety at large,as well as patterns of drinking that are associated with increased risk of adverse health outcomes”.5 Its concept is much broader than the clinical concept of diagnostic category of“harmful pattern of use”,which represents a part of the spectrum of“alcohol use disorders”in the Internati

30、onal Classification of Diseases.1 See decision WHA75(11).2 Published separately under the title Global alcohol action plan 20222030.3 In this document,the term“marketing”is used to mean any form of commercial communication or message that is designed to increase or has the effect of increasing the r

31、ecognition,appeal and/or consumption of particular products and services.It comprises anything that acts to advertise or otherwise promote a product or service.4 International Classification of Diseases,11th Revision(ICD-11).Geneva:World Health Organization;2021.5 Document WHA63/2010/REC/1,Annex 3.G

32、lobal alcohol action plan 20222030 24.The impact of the harmful use of alcohol on health and well-being is not limited to health consequences;it incurs significant social and economic losses relating to costs in the justice sector,costs from lost workforce productivity and unemployment and the costs

33、 assigned to pain and suffering.The harmful use of alcohol can also result in harm to others,such as family members,friends,co-workers and strangers.Among the most dramatic manifestations of harm to persons other than drinkers are road traffic injuries and the consequences of prenatal alcohol exposu

34、re,which may result in the development of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders(FASDs).There is no safe limit established for alcohol consumption at any stage of pregnancy.The harms to others may be very tangible,specific and time-bound(e.g.injuries or damage)or may be less tangible and result from suffe

35、ring,poor health and well-being and the social consequences of drinking(e.g.being harassed or insulted or feeling threatened).5.Awareness and acceptance of the overall negative impact of alcohol consumption on a populations health and safety is low among decision-makers and the general public.This i

36、s influenced by commercial messaging and poorly regulated marketing of alcoholic beverages,which deprioritize efforts to counter the harmful use of alcohol in favour of other public health issues.The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the importance of appropriate policy and health system responses to re

37、duce the harmful use of alcohol during health emergencies.6.The health,economic and social burden attributable to alcohol consumption is largely preventable.Historically,in recognition of the intoxicating,toxic and dependence-producing properties of alcohol,there have always been attempts to regulat

38、e the production,distribution and consumption of alcoholic beverages.The protection of the health of populations by preventing and reducing the harmful use of alcohol is a public health priority and should be a focus of alcohol policies and alcohol control measures implemented at different levels.Gl

39、obal strategy to reduce the harmful use of alcohol and its implementationThe global strategy6 and its mandate7.The global strategy to reduce the harmful use of alcohol,which was endorsed by the Sixty-third World Health Assembly in May 2010(resolution WHA63.13),remains the only global policy framewor

40、k for reducing deaths and disabilities due to alcohol consumption in their entirety from mental health conditions and noncommunicable diseases(NCDs)to injuries and alcohol-attributable infectious diseases.The global strategy builds on several WHO global and regional strategic initiatives and represe

41、nts the commitment of WHO Member States to take sustained action at all levels.Following the endorsement of the global strategy,regional action plans aligned with the global strategy were developed or revised and adopted in WHOs Region of the Americas(2011)and European Region(2012),while a regional

42、strategy for reducing the harmful use of alcohol was developed and adopted in the WHO African Region(2013).8.The global strategy was developed to promote and support local,regional and global actions to prevent and reduce the harmful use of alcohol.It outlines key components for global action and re

43、commends a portfolio of policy options and measures that could be considered for implementation and adjusted as appropriate at the national level.These policy options take into account national circumstances such as religious and cultural contexts;national public health priorities;and resources,capa

44、cities and capabilities.The global strategy also contains a set of principles that should guide the development and implementation of policies at all levels.6 Global strategy to reduce the harmful use of alcohol.Geneva:World Health Organization;2010.Action plan(20222030)to effectively implement the

45、global strategy to reduce the harmful use of alcohol as a public health priority39.Since the endorsement of the global strategy in 2010,Member States commitment to reducing the harmful use of alcohol has been reinforced by the adoption of the political declarations emanating from the high-level meet

46、ings of the United Nations General Assembly on the prevention and control of NCDs,including the declaration of 2011 and the subsequent adoption and implementation of the WHO Global action plan for the prevention and control of NCDs 20132020(NCD-GAP).In 2019,the Seventy-second World Health Assembly(i

47、n resolution WHA72.11)extended the NCD-GAP to 2030,ensuring its alignment with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.The NCD-GAP lists the harmful use of alcohol as one of four key risk factors for major NCDs.It enables Member States and other stakeholders to identify and use opportunities for

48、 synergies to tackle more than one risk factor at the same time;strengthen coordination and coherence between measures for reducing the harmful use of alcohol and activities for preventing and controlling NCDs;and set voluntary targets for reducing the harmful use of alcohol and other risk factors f

49、or NCDs.In May 2013,the Sixty-sixth World Health Assembly adopted the comprehensive NCD Global Monitoring Framework,in which the voluntary global target for the harmful use of alcohol to be achieved by 2025 is defined as at least 10%relative reduction,as appropriate,within the national context,and m

50、easured by indicators across three domains,including total alcohol per capita consumption within a calendar year in litres of pure alcohol,age-standardized prevalence of heavy episodic drinking,and alcohol-related morbidity and mortality.710.The international mandate to reduce the harmful use of alc

51、ohol was further strengthened with the adoption of the 2030 Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals 2030(SDG 2030).Reducing the harmful use of alcohol will contribute to progress towards the attainment of the multiple goals and targets of the 2030 Agenda and the SDGs,including SDG goal 1 on end

52、ing poverty;SDG goal 4 on ensuring a quality education;SDG goal 5 on achieving gender equality;SDG goal 8 on promoting decent work and economic growth;SDG goal 10 on reducing inequalities within and among countries;and SDG goal 16 on promoting peace and providing justice and strong institutions.In v

53、iew of the negative impact of the harmful use of alcohol on the development and outcomes of many diseases and health conditions,including major NCDs and injuries,the effective reduction of the harmful use of alcohol will make a substantial contribution towards the attainment of SDG goal 3(Ensure hea

54、lthy lives and promote well-being for all),in particular SDG target 3.5(Strengthen the prevention and treatment of substance abuse,including narcotic drug abuse and harmful use of alcohol).This reflects the broader impact of the harmful use of alcohol on health in areas beyond NCDs and mental health

55、(SDG target 3.4),such as road traffic accidents(SDG target 3.6),reproductive health(SDG target 3.7),universal health coverage(SDG target 3.8)and infectious diseases(SDG target 3.3).11.One of the guiding principles of the global strategy states that public policies and interventions to prevent and re

56、duce alcohol-related harm should be guided and formulated by public health interests and based on clear public health goals and the best available evidence.Evidence of the cost-effectiveness of alcohol policy options and interventions was updated in a revision of Appendix 3 to the NCD-GAP,which was

57、endorsed by the Health Assembly in resolution WHA70.11.This resulted in a new set of enabling and recommended actions to reduce the harmful use of alcohol.The most cost-effective actions or best buys include increasing taxes on alcoholic beverages;enacting and enforcing bans or comprehensive restric

58、tions on exposure to alcohol advertising across multiple types of media;and enacting and enforcing restrictions on the physical availability of retailed alcohol.By prioritizing the most cost-effective policy measures,the WHO Secretariat and partners launched the SAFER initiative,with the primary obj

59、ective of supporting WHO Member States in reducing the harmful use of alcohol by enhancing the ongoing implementation of the global strategy and other WHO and United Nations strategies.The WHO-led 7 Document WHA66/2013/REC/1,Annex 4,Appendix 2.Global alcohol action plan 20222030 4SAFER initiative fo

60、cuses on the support for implementation of cost-effective policy options and interventions.It also aims to protect public health-oriented policy-making against interference from commercial interests and establish strong monitoring systems to ensure accountability and track progress in the implementa

61、tion of SAFER policy options and interventions.Implementation of the global strategy since its endorsement812.Since the endorsement of the global strategy,its implementation has been uneven across WHO regions as well as within regions and countries.The number of countries with a written national alc

62、ohol policy has steadily increased and many countries have revised their existing alcohol policies.However,the presence of written national alcohol policies continues to be most common in high-income countries and least common among low-income countries,with written national alcohol policies missing

63、 from most countries in the African Region and the Region of the Americas.The disproportionate prevalence of effective alcohol control measures in higher-income countries raises questions about global health equity.Specifically,it underscores the need for more resources and greater priority to be al

64、located to support the development and implementation of effective policies and actions in low-and middle-income countries.Challenges in implementation of the global strategy13.Considerable challenges remain for the development and implementation of effective alcohol policies.These challenges relate

65、 to the complexity of the problem;differences in cultural norms and contexts;the intersectoral nature of cost-effective solutions,including pricing strategies,and associated limited levels of political will and leadership at the highest levels of government;and the influence of powerful commercial i

66、nterests in policy-making and implementation.These challenges operate against a background of competing international economic commitments.The limited availability of comprehensive and reliable data on alcohol consumption and related harm,generated at the national level,presents additional challenge

67、s for the evaluation of the impact of implemented national policy responses in many countries.Coordination and cooperation at all levels for dealing with these challenges is further complicated by contexts in which the responsibility for actions to reduce the harmful use of alcohol is dispersed betw

68、een different entities including government departments,different professions and technical areas.14.The production of alcoholic beverages has become increasingly concentrated and globalized in recent decades,particularly in the beer and spirits sectors.A significant proportion of alcoholic beverage

69、s is consumed at heavy drinking events associated with significant health risks and heavy drinking is often associated with the presence of AUDs.This highlights the inherent contradiction between the interests of alcohol producers and public health.At the same time,there is mounting evidence that an

70、y level of alcohol consumption is associated with health risks.Some countries experience substantial challenges in protecting alcohol policy development from commercial interests,while the issue of safeguarding alcohol policy development at all levels from alcohol industry interference is consistent

71、ly presented as a major challenge in international policy dialogues.Strong international leadership is needed to counter interference from commercial interests in alcohol policy development and implementation in order to prioritize the public health agenda for alcohol in the face of the strong comme

72、rcial interests associated with alcohol beverage production and trade.Competing interests across the whole of government at the country level,including interests related to the production and trade of alcohol and government revenues from alcohol taxation and sales,often result in policy incoherence

73、and the weakening of alcohol control efforts.The situation varies at national and subnational levels and is heavily influenced by the commercial interests of alcohol producers and distributors,religious beliefs 8 See document EB146/7/Add.1.Action plan(20222030)to effectively implement the global str

74、ategy to reduce the harmful use of alcohol as a public health priority5and spiritual and cultural norms.General trends towards deregulation in recent decades have often resulted in the weakening of alcohol controls,to the benefit of economic interests and at the expense of public health and well-bei

75、ng.15.Alcohol remains the only psychoactive and dependence-producing substance that exerts a significant impact on global population health that is not controlled at the international level by legally binding regulatory instruments.This absence limits the ability of national and subnational governme

76、nts to regulate the distribution,sale and marketing of alcohol within the context of international,regional and bilateral trade negotiations.It also hampers efforts as to protect the development of alcohol policies from interference by transnational corporations and commercial interests.This has pro

77、mpted calls for a global normative law on alcohol at the intergovernmental level,modelled on the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control.9 Discussions about the feasibility and necessity of such a legally binding international instrument indicated a lack of consensus among Member States on this

78、issue.16.Informally and illegally produced alcohol accounts for an estimated 25%of total alcohol consumption per capita worldwide and in some jurisdictions exceeds half of all the alcohol consumed by the population.Informal and illegal production and trade are different in nature and require differe

79、nt policy and programme responses.Informal production and distribution of alcohol are often embedded in cultural traditions and the socioeconomic fabrics of communities.Illicit alcohol production is associated with significant health risks and challenges for regulatory and law enforcement sectors of

80、 governments.The capacity to deal with informal or illicit production,distribution and consumption of alcohol,including safety issues,is limited or inadequate,particularly in jurisdictions where unrecorded alcohol makes up a significant proportion of all the alcohol consumed.17.Satellite and digital

81、 marketing present a growing challenge for the effective control of alcohol marketing and advertising.Alcohol producers and distributors have increasingly moved towards investing in digital marketing and using social media platforms,which are profit-making businesses with an infrastructure designed

82、to allow“programmatic native advertising”that is data-driven and participatory.Internet marketing crosses borders with even greater ease than satellite television and is not easily subjected to national-level control.In parallel with the greater opportunity for marketing and selling alcohol through

83、online platforms,delivery systems are rapidly evolving,imposing considerable challenges on the ability of governments to control alcohol sales.From a public health perspective,recent developments in marketing,advertising and promotional activities related to alcoholic beverages are of deep concern,i

84、ncluding those implemented through cross-border marketing and those targeting or reaching out to children,adolescents and young people.18.Limited technical capacity,human resources and funding hinder efforts to develop,implement,enforce and monitor effective alcohol control interventions at all leve

85、ls.Technical expertise in alcohol control measures is often insufficient at national and subnational levels,as are the available human and financial resources at all levels of WHO for the provision of required technical assistance and the compilation,dissemination and application of technical knowle

86、dge in practice.Few civil society organizations prioritize alcohol as a health risk or motivate governments to take action compared to the number of organizations that support tobacco control.In the absence of philanthropic funding and with limited resources in WHO and other intergovernmental organi

87、zations,there has been little investment in capacity-building in low-and middle-income countries.9 Au Yeung SL,Lam TH.Unite for a Framework Convention for Alcohol Control.Lancet.2019;393(10183):17781779.doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32214-1.Global alcohol action plan 20222030 619.The lack of sufficientl

88、y developed national systems for monitoring alcohol consumption and the impact of alcohol on health reduces the capacity of advocacy for effective alcohol control policies and for monitoring their implementation and impact.Opportunities for reducing the harmful use of alcohol20.In recent years,alcoh

89、ol consumption among young people has decreased in many countries throughout Europe and in some other high-income societies,with the exception of some disadvantaged groups.The decline seems to be continuing into the next age group as the cohort ages.Capitalizing on this trend offers a considerable o

90、pportunity for public health policies and programmes.There is also a trend towards an increase in the proportion of former drinkers among people aged 15 years and above.One contributory factor is the increasing awareness of the negative health and social consequences of the harmful use of alcohol an

91、d its causal relationships not only with alcohol-induced mental disorders,interpersonal violence and suicides but also with several types of cancer,liver and cardiovascular diseases,as well as its association with increased risk of infectious diseases such as tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS.Increasing the

92、 health literacy and health consciousness of the general public provides an opportunity for strengthening prevention activities by integrating and linking alcohol policies and action plans with those on major noncommunicable and communicable diseases,including national cancer control plans,as well a

93、s with those on psychoactive drugs and addictions,and by scaling up screening and brief interventions in health services.21.While recognizing its negative influences and effects,social media also provides new opportunities for changing peoples relationship with alcohol through increased awareness of

94、 the negative health consequences of drinking and new horizons for the communication and promotion of recreational activities as an alternative to drinking and intoxication.At the same time,social media can serve as a powerful source of marketing communication and brand promotion for alcoholic bever

95、ages.22.Alcohol consumption and its impact on health have been increasingly recognized as factors in health inequality.Within a given society,adverse health impacts and social harm from a given level and pattern of drinking are greater for poorer individuals and societies.Increased alcohol consumpti

96、on can exacerbate health and social inequalities between genders,social classes and communities.Policies and programmes to reduce health inequalities and promote sustainable development need to include sustained attention to alcohol policies and programmes.23.The body of evidence for the effectivene

97、ss and cost-effectiveness of alcohol control measures has been significantly strengthened in recent years.The latest economic analysis undertaken under the auspices of WHO demonstrated high returns on investment for best buys in alcohol control.Every additional US$1 invested in the most cost-effecti

98、ve interventions per person per year will yield a return of US$9.13 by 2030,a return that is higher than a similar investment in tobacco control(US$7.43)or prevention of physical inactivity(US$2.80).The notion that economic savings are greater than implementation costs for effective alcohol control

99、policies is supported by recent OECD estimates,showing that every US$1 invested in a comprehensive policy package yields a return of up to US$16 in economic benefits.1024.The COVID-19 pandemic and measures to curb virus transmission(e.g.lockdowns,stay-at-home mandates)have had a significant impact o

100、n population health and well-being,as well as on patterns of alcohol consumption,alcohol-related harms and the implementation of existing policy and programme responses.The COVID-19 outbreak has underscored the importance of developing 10 OECD(2021),Preventing Harmful Alcohol Use,OECD Health Policy

101、Studies,OECD Publishing,Paris,(https:/doi.org/10.1787/6e4b4ffb-en,accessed 9 December 2021).Action plan(20222030)to effectively implement the global strategy to reduce the harmful use of alcohol as a public health priority7appropriate alcohol policy responses and alcohol-focused activities and inter

102、ventions during public health emergencies,as well as the importance of including alcohol policy responses as a key element of preparedness for health emergencies.This will have important implications for reducing not only the harmful use of alcohol at national,regional and global levels but also the

103、 alcohol-related health burden and demand for health service interventions during pandemics and other health emergencies.Scope of the action plan25.In its decision EB146(14)(2020),the Executive Board recognized the continuing relevance of the global strategy to reduce the harmful use of alcohol and

104、requested the Director-General to review the global strategy and report to the Executive Board at its 166th session in 2030 for further action.It also requested the Director-General to develop an action plan(20222030)to effectively implement the global strategy to reduce the harmful use of alcohol a

105、s a public health priority,in consultation with Member States and relevant stakeholders,for consideration by the Seventy-fifth World Health Assembly,through the Executive Board at its 150th session in 202211.26.The action plan is based on guidance provided by the global strategy with regard to globa

106、l action,its key role and components,as well as on lessons learned from the implementation of the global strategy and regional strategies and action plans on alcohol over the last 10 years.The action plan aims to strengthen the implementation of the global strategy by accelerating actions at all lev

107、els and by supporting and complementing national responses to the public health problems caused by the harmful use of alcohol in the 10 target areas recommended by the global strategy for national action(see paragraph 34 below)and tailored to country contexts.27.The action plan proposes specific act

108、ions and measures to be implemented at the global level in line with key roles and components of global action,as formulated in the global strategy,and the latest available evidence on the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of policy options for reducing the harmful use of alcohol.The proposed act

109、ions and measures are presented in six action areas that correspond to the four key components of global action included in the global strategy:public health advocacy and partnership;technical support and capacity-building;production and dissemination of knowledge;and resource mobilization12.An acti

110、on area on the implementation of high-impact strategies and interventions was also included in the action plan based on evidence of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of different policy options and reflecting the lessons learned from implementation of the global strategy.The proposed actions

111、and measures included in action area 1(Implementation of high-impact strategies and interventions),when implemented and enforced,have the highest potential for reducing the harmful use of alcohol.These measures are prioritized in the action plan in view of the evidence of their cost-effectiveness an

112、d the insufficient progress achieved globally in reducing the harmful use of alcohol to date.Their prioritization and implementation at the national and subnational levels,as well as the prioritization of other policy options and interventions recommended by the global strategy,is at the discretion

113、of each Member State,depending on the needs and status of implementation of these measures in a given country.It is also dependent on national and subnational social,economic and cultural contexts,public health priorities,health system policies and available resources.National needs and contexts may

114、 require,at the discretion of a Member State,the implementation of more stringent measures than those proposed in the action plan.28.The actions and measures proposed in the action plan are envisaged to support and complement policy measures and interventions implemented at the national level in the

115、 following 10areas 11 The process of development of the action plan is described in Annex 8 of the document EB150/7(2022).12 Document WHA63/2010/REC/1,paras 4358.Global alcohol action plan 20222030 8recommended in paragraph 16 of the global strategy:(1)leadership,awareness and commitment;(2)health s

116、ervices response;(3)community action;(4)drinkdriving policies and countermeasures;(5)availability of alcohol;(6)marketing of alcoholic beverages;(7)pricing policies;(8)reducing the negative consequences of drinking and alcohol intoxication;(9)reducing the public health impact of illicit alcohol and

117、informally produced alcohol;and(10)monitoring and surveillance.29.As highlighted in the global strategy,its successful implementation requires concerted actions by Member States,effective global governance and the appropriate engagement of all relevant stakeholders.The action plan includes proposed

118、actions for international partners and non-State actors such as civil society organizations,professional associations,academia and research institutions.The action plan also outlines proposed measures for economic operators in alcohol production and trade13 in line with the mandates provided in para

119、graph 45(d)of the global strategy and other relevant policy guidance and policies,including but not limited to the WHOs framework of engagement with non-State actors.30.The action plan is linked to and aligned with other relevant global action plans and commitments,including Agenda 2030;the politica

120、l declaration of the high-level meeting on universal health coverage adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 2019;the comprehensive mental health action plan 20132030;the NCD-GAP;the political declaration of the third high-level meeting of the General Assembly on the prevention and control

121、 of noncommunicable diseases;the global action plan on the public health response to dementia;and the global plan of action to address interpersonal violence.31.The action plan is envisaged to strengthen the implementation of the global strategy at all levels,with the acknowledgement that the implem

122、entation of the action plan at national level and the prioritization of proposed actions and measures depend on national contexts.Goal of the action plan32.The goal of the action plan is to boost the effective implementation of the global strategy to reduce the harmful use of alcohol as a public hea

123、lth priority and to significantly reduce morbidity and mortality due to alcohol consumption over and above general morbidity and mortality trends and associated social consequences.The action plan also aims to improve the health and well-being of populations globally.33.The effective implementation

124、of the action plan at the regional levels will require the development or elaboration and adaptation of region-specific action plans,in coordination with the WHO Secretariat,so that more efficient and consistent progress will be made.Operational objectives of the action plan34.The proposed operation

125、al objectives of the action plan 20222030 and its proposed action areas are aligned with the objectives of the global strategy14 and the four key components of global action to reduce the harmful use of alcohol effectively.15 However,the operational objectives of the action plan are not identical to

126、 those of the global strategy.The six operational objectives of 13 In this document,the term“economic operators in alcohol production and trade”means manufacturers of alcoholic beverages,wholesale distributors,major retailers and importers that deal solely and exclusively in alcoholic beverages or w

127、hose primary income comes from trade in alcohol beverages,as well as business associations or other non-State actors representing any of the afore-mentioned entities.14 Document WHA63/2010/REC/1,Annex 3,paras 711.15 Document WHA63/2010/REC/1,Annex 3,paras 4358.Action plan(20222030)to effectively imp

128、lement the global strategy to reduce the harmful use of alcohol as a public health priority9the action plan reflect the action-oriented nature of the action plan,as well as more recent goals and objectives of other relevant global strategies and action plans,as well as lessons learned in implementin

129、g the global strategy since its endorsement:1.Increase population coverage,implementation and enforcement of high-impact policy options and interventions to reduce the harmful use of alcohol worldwide for better health and well-being,taking into account the gender perspective and a life-course appro

130、ach.2.Strengthen multisectoral action through effective governance,enhanced political commitment,leadership,dialogue and coordination of multisectoral action.3.Enhance the prevention and treatment capacity of health and social care systems for disorders due to alcohol use and associated health condi

131、tions as an integral part of universal health coverage and aligned with the 2030 Agenda and its health targets.4.Raise awareness of the risks and harms associated with alcohol consumption and its impact on the health and well-being of individuals,families,communities and nations,as well as of the ef

132、fectiveness of different policy options for reducing consumption and related harm.5.Strengthen information systems and research for monitoring alcohol consumption,alcohol-related harm,their determinants and modifying factors,and policy responses at all levels,with dissemination and application of in

133、formation for advocacy in order to inform policy and intervention development and evaluation.6.Significantly increase the mobilization of resources required for appropriate and sustained action to reduce the harmful use of alcohol at all levels.Operational principles35.The global strategy includes g

134、uiding principles for the development and implementation of alcohol policies at all levels16 and in the action plan the guiding principles listed in the global strategy are complemented by the following operational action-oriented guiding principles:Multisectoral action.The development,implementatio

135、n and enforcement of alcohol control policies at all levels require concerted multisectoral action,with the engagement of the health sector and other relevant sectors,such as social welfare and employment,customs,agriculture,education,transport,sport,culture,finance and law enforcement,as appropriat

136、e,to address the harmful use of alcohol in their activities.Universal health coverage.All individuals and communities,including those in rural areas,receive the health services they need,without suffering financial hardship,to reduce the health burden caused by the harmful use of alcohol,including t

137、he full spectrum of essential quality health services,from health promotion to prevention,treatment,rehabilitation and palliative care across the life course.Life-course approach.Recognizing the importance and interrelationship of alcohol control measures and prevention and treatment strategies and

138、interventions to prevent and reduce alcohol-related harm at all stages of a persons life and for all generations.This ranges from eliminating the marketing,advertising and sale of alcoholic products to minors and 16 Global strategy to reduce the harmful use of alcohol.Geneva:World Health Organizatio

139、n,;2010,page 9(https:/apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/44395,accessed 5 June 2021).Global alcohol action plan 20222030 10the protection of the unborn child from prenatal alcohol exposure to the prevention and management of the harms due to the use of alcohol in older people.Protection from commercial

140、interests.The development of public policies to reduce the harmful use of alcohol should be protected,in accordance with national laws,from commercial and other vested interests that can interfere with and undermine public health objectives.Equity-based approach.Public health policies and interventi

141、ons to reduce the harmful use of alcohol should aim to reduce health inequalities and protect people in different groups(across social,biological,economic,demographic or geographical divides)from alcohol-related harm.Human rights approach.Protection from alcohol-related harm and access to the preven

142、tion and treatment of AUDs in health systems contributes to the fulfilment of the right to the highest attainable standard of health;strategies and interventions to reduce the harmful use of alcohol should address and eliminate discriminatory practices(both real and perceived)and stigma with regard

143、to preventive measures and health and social services for people with AUDs.Empowering people and communities.The development and implementation of strategies and interventions to reduce the harmful use of alcohol and protect people and communities from alcohol-related harm should provide opportuniti

144、es for the active engagement and empowerment of people and communities,including people with lived experiences of alcohol-related harm or AUDs.Key areas for global action36.To achieve the goal and objectives set out above,the following key areas are proposed for action by Member States,the WHO Secre

145、tariat,international and national partners and,as appropriate,other stakeholders:Action area 1:Implementation of high-impact strategies and interventions Action area 2:Advocacy,awareness and commitment Action area 3:Partnership,dialogue and coordination Action area 4:Technical support and capacity-b

146、uilding Action area 5:Knowledge production and information systems Action area 6:Resource mobilization37.At the national level,Member States have the primary responsibility for the development,implementation,monitoring and evaluation of public policies to reduce the harmful use of alcohol according

147、to their national needs and contexts.The roles of other stakeholders may differ across Member States.Action plan(20222030)to effectively implement the global strategy to reduce the harmful use of alcohol as a public health priority11Action area 1:Implementation of high-impact strategies and interven

148、tions38.The limited global progress or no progress at all in some parts of the world achieved to date in reducing the harmful use of alcohol can be explained by insufficient uptake,implementation and enforcement of the most effective and cost-effective alcohol policies and interventions.The goal of

149、considerably reducing morbidity and mortality due to alcohol consumption over and above general morbidity and mortality trends and associated social consequences can be achieved by tackling the determinants that drive the acceptability,availability and affordability of alcohol consumption,while also

150、 strengthening the coverage and implementation of comprehensive and integrated policy options and measures with proven effectiveness.39.The most effective and cost-effective policy options and interventions are summarized in the updated Appendix 3 of the NCD-GAP,endorsed by the Seventieth World Heal

151、th Assembly.17 These policy options and interventions constitute core elements of the SAFER initiative and SAFER technical package.Other policy options and interventions will be subject to cost-effectiveness analysis as evidence emerges regarding their effectiveness.Global targets for action area 1G

152、lobal target 1.1:By 2030,at least a 20%relative reduction(in comparison with 2010)in the harmful use of alcohol.18Global target 1.2:By 2030,70%of countries have introduced,enacted or maintained the implementation of high-impact policy options and interventions.19 Proposed actions for Member StatesAc

153、tion 1.On the basis of the evidence of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of policy measures,to promote the prioritization,according to national needs and contexts,of the sustainable implementation,continued enforcement,monitoring and evaluation of high-impact cost-effective policy options inc

154、luded in the WHO SAFER technical package,20 as well as other interventions already proven to be cost-effective or subsequently proven to be cost-effective based on upcoming evidence,including the assurance of universal access to affordable treatment and care for people with AUDs within national heal

155、th systems.Action 2.Consider,as appropriate for a national context,developing national action plans,road maps or action frameworks to accelerate the implementation of global and regional commitments.Action 3.Implement,as appropriate in national contexts,high-impact and effective strategies and inter

156、ventions,supported by legislative measures,addressing:(a)the affordability of alcoholic beverages,by appropriate taxation and pricing policies;(b)the advertising and marketing of alcoholic beverages,through comprehensive and robust restrictions or bans across multiple types of media,including digita

157、l media;(c)the availability of alcohol,by enacting and enforcing restrictions on 17 See document WHA70/2017/REC/1,Annex 3.18 The“at least 20%relative reduction”target is based on the latest available WHO data and trends since 2010 and exceeds the voluntary target set at the NCD Global Monitoring Fra

158、mework(at least 10%relative reduction by 2025)to reflect the aims of the action plan as mandated by decision EB146(14)(2020)(“to effectively implement the global strategy as a public health priority.)and its goal to considerably reduce morbidity and mortality due to alcohol consumption over and abov

159、e general morbidity and mortality trends.19 Included in the SAFER technical package and informed by upcoming updates.20 The SAFER technical package:five areas of intervention at national and subnational levels.Geneva:World Health Organization;2019(https:/www.who.int/publications/i/item/the-safer-tec

160、hnical-package).Global alcohol action plan 20222030 12spatial and temporal availability of alcoholic beverages;(d)driving under the influence of alcohol,by enacting and enforcing drinkdriving laws and regulations;and(e)hazardous patterns of drinking and AUDs,by providing brief psychosocial intervent

161、ions,treatment and care in health and social services.Action 4.Ensure that the development,implementation and evaluation of alcohol policy measures are based on public health goals and the best available evidence and are protected from the interference of commercial interests.Action 5.Build or stren

162、gthen and support broad partnerships and intragovernmental and intergovernmental mechanisms at different levels for collaboration across different sectors for the implementation of prioritized policy options.Proposed actions for the WHO SecretariatAction 1.Provide policy and technical guidance,advoc

163、acy and,as required,technical assistance for the assessment,development,implementation and evaluation of effective and cost-effective policy options.Action 2.Periodically review the evidence of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of alcohol policy options and interventions and formulate and dis

164、seminate recommendations for reducing the harmful use of alcohol.Action 3.Develop a portfolio of policy guidance for outlet locations,outlet densities and days and hours of sale;implementation of minimum pricing and taxation policies;regulating alcohol marketing,sponsorships,promotions and advertisi

165、ng,also via social media;the management of unrecorded alcohol;the management of conflicts of interest in policy design and implementation;and the development and implementation of warning labels.Action 4.Develop a comprehensive technical package to facilitate the development,implementation,monitorin

166、g and evaluation of recommended high-impact policy options and interventions.Action 5.Promote and support international collaboration in addressing cross-border alcohol marketing,advertisement and promotion,with a focus on the public health risks associated with new cross-border marketing practices.

167、Action 6.Promote a comprehensive approach to tackling the determinants that drive the acceptability,availability and affordability of alcohol consumption,thereby ensuring a comprehensive portfolio of population-wide interventions,expanding from health promotion and prevention to screening and treatm

168、ent interventions.Proposed actions for international partners,civil society organizations and academiaAction 1.Major partners in the United Nations system and intergovernmental organizations are invited to increase their collaboration and cooperation with WHO on the development,implementation and ev

169、aluation of high-impact policy measures and by joining the WHO-led SAFER initiative.Action 2.Civil society organizations and academia are invited to strengthen their advocacy and support for the implementation of high-impact policy options by creating enabling environments;promoting the SAFER initia

170、tive;strengthening global and regional networks and action groups,with appropriate engagement of community Action plan(20222030)to effectively implement the global strategy to reduce the harmful use of alcohol as a public health priority13and cultural leaders;developing and strengthening accountabil

171、ity frameworks;and monitoring the activities and commitments of economic operators in alcohol production and trade.Proposed measures for economic operators in alcohol production and trade Economic operators in alcohol production and trade are called on to focus on the implementation of measures that

172、 can contribute to reducing the harmful use of alcohol,which are stringently within their core roles as developers,producers,distributors,marketers and sellers of alcoholic beverages,and to abstain from interfering with alcohol policy development and refrain from activities that might prevent,delay

173、or stop the development,enactment,implementation and enforcement of high-impact strategies and interventions to reduce the harmful use of alcohol.Action area 2:Advocacy,awareness and commitment40.Strategic and well-developed international communication and advocacy are needed to raise awareness abou

174、t alcohol-related harms and the effectiveness of policy measures among decision-makers and the general public in order to increase their support for the accelerated implementation of the global strategy.Special efforts and activities are needed to mobilize different stakeholders for coordinated acti

175、ons to protect public health and foster broad political commitment to reduce the harmful use of alcohol.41.It is necessary to raise awareness among decision-makers and the general public about the risks and harms associated with alcohol consumption.Appropriate attention should be given to the preven

176、tion of the initiation of drinking among children and adolescents;the prevention of drinking among pregnant women;and the protection of people from pressures to drink,especially in societies with high levels of alcohol consumption,in which heavy drinkers are encouraged to drink even more.The unique

177、circumstances of indigenous populations require special culturally appropriate efforts in addressing the levels and patterns of alcohol consumption,alcohol-related harms and the social and economic factors that influence the impact of alcohol consumption on their health and well-being.An internation

178、al day or week of awareness of alcohol-related harm or a“World no alcohol day/week”could help to focus and reinforce public attention on the problem.Public health advocacy is more likely to succeed if it is well supported by evidence and based on emerging opportunities and if the arguments are free

179、from moralizing.International discourse on alcohol policy development and implementation should address the health inequalities associated with the harmful use of alcohol and its broad socioeconomic impacts,including the impact on the attainment of the health-related and other targets of the 2030 Ag

180、enda.Awareness of the impact of use of alcohol on health and well-being should not be limited to the impact on NCDs,including issues related to interactions between alcohol and medicines used in management of NCDs and mental health,and should be expanded to include other areas of health and developm

181、ent such as injuries,violence,infectious diseases,productivity at workplaces,family functioning and a“harm to others”perspective,including the impact on financial and psychological security.Modern communication technologies and multimedia materials are needed for successful advocacy and behavioural

182、change campaigns,including social media engagement.Such awareness,along with the development and enforcement of alcohol policies,needs to be protected from the interference of commercial interests.Appropriate mechanisms that involve academia and civil society must be set up in order to systematicall

183、y monitor,prevent and counteract such interference.Global alcohol action plan 20222030 14Global targets for action area 2Global target 2.1:By 2030,75%of countries have developed and enacted national written alcohol policies.Global target 2.2:By 2030,50%of countries have produced periodic national re

184、ports on alcohol consumption and alcohol-related harm.Proposed actions for Member StatesAction 1.Develop and enact,as appropriate in national contexts,national written alcohol policies or continue effective implementation and updates,as necessary,of existing national alcohol policies.Action 2.On the

185、 basis of evidence of the nature and magnitude of alcohol-attributable public health problems,advocate for the development and implementation of high-impact strategies and interventions and other actions to prevent and reduce alcohol-related harm.This includes placing a special emphasis on protectin

186、g at-risk populations and those affected by the harmful drinking of others;preventing the initiation of drinking among children and adolescents;preventing drinking in pregnancy;and preventing FASDs,including by providing information about the risks of drinking when planning pregnancy or breastfeedin

187、g.Action 3.Raise awareness of health risks and harms associated with different levels and patterns of alcohol consumption with the aim of reducing the levels of alcohol consumption among drinkers.Action 4.Advocate for paying appropriate attention,congruous with the magnitude of related public health

188、 problems,to reducing the harmful use of alcohol in multisectoral policies and frameworks,as well as in national,economic,environmental,agricultural and other relevant policies and action plans.Action 5.Include a commitment to reduce the harmful use of alcohol and its impact on health and well-being

189、 in high-level national developmental and public health strategies,programmes and action plans,and support the creation and development of advocacy coalitions.Action 6.Public health authorities should regularly produce(every two to three years in most countries)national reports on alcohol consumptio

190、n and alcohol-related harm,targeting decision-makers and the general public with information on alcohols contribution to specific health and social problems and disseminating such information through available modern communication technologies.Action 7.Increase awareness of the health risks of alcoh

191、ol consumption and its related overall impact on health and well-being through strategic,well-developed and long-term communication activities that target the general population,with a special focus on young people.This should include the option of a national alcohol-related harm awareness day/week/

192、month to be implemented by public health agencies and organizations,involving countering misinformation and using targeted communication channels,including social media platforms.Action 8.Ensure appropriate consumer protection measures through the development and implementation of labelling requirem

193、ents for alcoholic beverages that display Action plan(20222030)to effectively implement the global strategy to reduce the harmful use of alcohol as a public health priority15essential information for health protection on alcohol content in a way that is understood by consumers and also provides info

194、rmation on other ingredients with potential impact on the health of consumers,caloric value and health warnings.Action 9.Ensure consumer protection measures through the development and implementation of product quality control measures for alcoholic beverages.Action 10.Support education,training and

195、 networking activities on reducing the harmful use of alcohol for representatives of authorities at different levels,health and education professionals,civil society organizations,youth organizations,community and cultural leaders,journalists and mass media representatives,taking into consideration

196、the ineffectiveness and risks of the current“responsible drinking”campaigns designed as marketing campaigns by alcohol producers and distributors.Proposed actions for the WHO SecretariatAction 1.Raise the priority given to the alcohol-attributable health and social burden and effective policy respon

197、ses on the agendas of high-level global,regional and other international forums,meetings and conferences of international and intergovernmental organizations,professional associations and civil society groups,and seek the inclusion of alcohol policies in relevant social and development agendas.Actio

198、n 2.Develop and implement an organization-wide communication plan to support actions to reduce the harmful use of alcohol that reflect emerging challenges(such as the COVID-19 pandemic),targeting different population groups and using different communication channels,and support activities to establi

199、sh an international day or week of awareness of alcohol-related harm.Action 3.Prepare and disseminate every two to three years global status reports on alcohol and health in order to raise awareness of the alcohol-attributable burden and advocate for appropriate action at all levels.Action 4.Develop

200、,test and disseminate technical and advocacy tools for the effective communication of consistent,scientifically sound and clear messages about alcohol-attributable health and social problems,the health risks associated with alcohol consumption and effective policy and programme responses.Action 5.De

201、velop and disseminate information product(s)on the health implications of the interactions of alcohol with certain essential medicines and other psychoactive substances,as well as on the impact of alcohol consumption on compliance with treatment regimens and treatment outcomes.Action 6.Review,update

202、 and disseminate WHO nomenclature and definitions of alcohol-related terms,particularly in the area of alcohol policy and monitoring.Action 7.Ensure the timely countering of widespread myths and disinformation about the health effects of alcohol consumption and alcohol control measures and provide t

203、echnical support to Member States in this regard,as required.Action 8.Develop technical guidance on the labelling of alcoholic beverages to inform consumers about the content of products and health risks associated with their consumption.Global alcohol action plan 20222030 16Action 9.Facilitate dial

204、ogue and information exchange regarding the impact of international trade,including the marketing of alcoholic beverages,as well as trade agreements on health and alcohol-attributable health burdens;advocate for appropriate consideration of these issues by parties in international trade negotiations

205、;and seek international solutions within WHOs mandate if appropriate actions to protect the health of populations cannot be implemented.Action 10.Bridge knowledge and practice by organizing and supporting policy dialogues,webinars and round tables with a focus on particular technical areas that are

206、pertinent to alcohol control,health promotion and the prevention of alcohol-related harm.Proposed actions for international partners,civil society organizations and academiaAction 1.Major partners in the United Nations system and intergovernmental organizations are invited to include activities for

207、reducing the harmful use of alcohol in their agendas and to ensure support for policy coherence between health and other sectors in international multisectoral policies,strategies and frameworks,as well as appropriate deference to public health interests in relation to competing interests.Action 2.C

208、ivil society organizations,professional associations and academia are invited to scale up their activities in support of global,regional and national awareness and advocacy campaigns,as well as in countering misinformation about alcohol consumption and associated health risks.They are also invited t

209、o motivate and engage different stakeholders,as appropriate,in the implementation of effective strategies and interventions to reduce the harmful use of alcohol and to monitor activities that undermine effective public health measures.Proposed measures for economic operators in alcohol production an

210、d tradeEconomic operators in alcohol production and trade,as well as operators in other relevant sectors of the economy,are invited to strengthen their commitment and contribution to reducing the harmful use of alcohol within their core roles and to take concrete steps towards eliminating the market

211、ing and advertising of alcoholic products to minors and,where relevant,towards developing and enforcing self-regulatory measures on marketing and advertising in conjunction with the development and enforcement of statutory regulations or within a co-regulatory framework.The economic operators are in

212、vited to refrain from promoting drinking;eliminate and prevent any positive health claims related to alcohol;and ensure,within regulatory or co-regulatory frameworks,the availability of easily understood consumer information on the labels of alcoholic beverages(including composition,age limits,healt

213、h warnings and contraindications for alcohol consumption).Action area 3:Partnership,dialogue and coordination42.New partnerships and the appropriate engagement of all relevant stakeholders are needed to build capacity and support the implementation of practical and focused technical packages that ca

214、n ensure returns on investments within“Health for All”and“whole-of-society”approaches.Increased coordination between health and other sectors,such as social welfare,finance,transport,sport,culture,communication,education,trade,agriculture,customs and law enforcement,as well as a multisectoral accoun

215、tability frameworks,are required for the implementation of effective multisectoral measures to reduce the harmful use of alcohol and ensure policy coherence.The WHO-led SAFER initiative and partnership to promote and support the implementation of best Action plan(20222030)to effectively implement th

216、e global strategy to reduce the harmful use of alcohol as a public health priority17buys,alongside other recommended alcohol control measures at the country level,can invigorate action in countries through coordination with WHOs partners both within and outside the United Nations system.Effective al

217、cohol control,including measures to address unrecorded alcohol consumption,requires a“whole-of-government”and“whole-of-society”approach,with clear leadership by the public health sector and appropriate engagement of other government sectors,civil society organizations,academic institutions and,as ap

218、propriate,the private sector.There is a need to strengthen the role of civil society in alcohol policy development and implementation.43.Global and regional networks of country focal points and WHO national counterparts for reducing the harmful use of alcohol,as well as technical experts,will facili

219、tate country cooperation,knowledge transfer and capacity-building.The technical networks and platforms should focus on particularly challenging technical areas and situations such as the control of digital marketing,social media advertising and reducing the harmful use of alcohol during health emerg

220、encies such as the COVID-19 pandemic.44.The continuing global dialogue with economic operators in alcohol production and trade should focus on industrys contribution to reducing the harmful use of alcohol in their roles as developers,producers and distributors/sellers of alcoholic beverages.This dia

221、logue should also aim for the implementation of comprehensive restrictions or bans on traditional,online or digital marketing21(including sponsorship),as well as on the role of economic operators in the regulation of sales,e-commerce,delivery,product formulation and labelling and on providing data o

222、n production and sales.The dialogue should engage,as appropriate,economic operators in other sectors of the economy that are directly involved in the distribution,sales and marketing of alcoholic beverages.Global targets for action area 3Global target 3.1:By 2030,50%of countries have an established

223、national multisectoral coordination mechanism for the implementation and strengthening of national multisectoral alcohol policy responses.Global target 3.2:By 2030,50%of countries are engaged in the work of the global and regional networks of WHO national counterparts for international dialogue and

224、coordination on reducing the harmful use of alcohol.Proposed actions for Member StatesAction 1.Encourage the mobilization and the active and appropriate engagement of all relevant entities and groups in reducing the harmful use of alcohol in a “whole-of-society”approach,including by advocating for a

225、ppropriate coordination and accountability mechanisms,strategies and action plans in the context of the 2030 Agenda,taking into consideration and managing any stakeholder conflicts of interest.Action 2.Ensure effective national governance and effective coordination between different sectors and diff

226、erent levels of government,while maintaining policy coherence based on public health objectives.Action 3.Ensure the effective coordination of activities,as appropriate,of all relevant stakeholders in the implementation of national strategies,action plans and 21 In this document the term“marketing”is

227、 used with the meaning of any form of commercial communication or message that is designed to increase or has the effect of increasing the recognition,appeal and/or consumption of particular products and services.It could comprise anything that acts to advertise or otherwise promote a product or ser

228、vice.Global alcohol action plan 20222030 18policies to reduce the harmful use of alcohol in the 10 target areas for action recommended in the global strategy to reduce the harmful use of alcohol.22Action 4.Build and support a broad multisectoral mechanism for formulating and implementing public heal

229、th policies to reduce the harmful use of alcohol and adopt a“whole-of-government”approach to the protection of the health and well-being of populations from alcohol-related harm,while taking into consideration and managing any stakeholder conflicts of interest.Action 5.Collaborate with the WHO Secre

230、tariat on the implementation of the global strategy,including through representation in WHOs global and regional networks of national counterparts and(technical)contributions to their working mechanisms,processes and structures.Action 6.Document and share experiences and information on the developme

231、nt,implementation and evaluation of multisectoral actions to reduce the harmful use of alcohol at national and subnational levels.Proposed actions for the WHO SecretariatAction 1.Further develop and strengthen broad international partnerships on reducing the harmful use of alcohol and support intern

232、ational mechanisms for intersectoral collaboration with United Nations entities,civil society,academia and professional organizations.Action 2.Liaise and cooperate with major partners in the United Nations system and intergovernmental organizations and coordinate and develop collaborative activities

233、 through the functioning of inter-agency working mechanisms on reducing the harmful use of alcohol,including those established for mental health,NCDs and health promotion.Action 3.Provide support for the global and regional networks of WHO national counterparts and their working mechanisms and proce

234、dures by ensuring regular information exchange and their effective functioning.This may include the establishment of working groups or task teams to address priority areas for reducing the harmful use of alcohol.Action 4.Facilitate dialogue and information exchange on the impact of the international

235、 aspects of the alcohol market on the alcohol-attributable health burden and advocate for appropriate consideration of these aspects by parties in international trade negotiations.Action 5.Support international collaboration and information exchange among public health-oriented NGOs,academic institu

236、tions,professional associations and organizations of people with lived and living experience,with a special focus on facilitating multisectoral collaboration,ensuring policy coherence(with due consideration of differences in cultural contexts)and providing support for strengthening the contributions

237、 of civil society organizations to alcohol policy development and implementation.22 See para.28 above.Action plan(20222030)to effectively implement the global strategy to reduce the harmful use of alcohol as a public health priority19Action 6.Every two years,organize an international forum on reduci

238、ng the harmful use of alcohol within the WHO Forum on alcohol,drugs and addictive behaviours,with the participation of representatives of Member States,United Nations entities and other intergovernmental and international organizations,civil society organizations,professional associations and people

239、 with lived and living experiences,and support broader representation of civil society organizations from low-and middle-income countries.Action 7.Organize regular(every year or every two years,as considered necessary by the WHO Secretariat)global dialogues with economic operators in alcohol product

240、ion and trade in line with relevant mandates and policies,including but not limited to the WHO framework of engagement with non-State actors,focused on and limited to industry partners contribution to reducing the harmful use of alcohol as developers,producers and distributors/sellers of alcoholic b

241、everages.Dialogues will not focus on the development of alcohol control policies.Action 8.Convene permanent dialogue with civil society,supporting coalition-building and strengthening the capacity of civil society organizations to advocate and lobby for effective measures to reduce the harmful use o

242、f alcohol.Proposed actions for international partners,civil society organizations and academia Action 1.Major partners in the United Nations system and intergovernmental organizations are invited to include,as appropriate,implementation of the global strategy and action plan 20222030 in their develo

243、pmental strategies and action plans and to develop horizontal multisectoral programmes and partnerships to reduce the harmful use of alcohol as a public health priority,in line with the guiding principles of the global strategy.Action 2.Civil society organizations,professional associations and acade

244、mia are invited to prioritize and strengthen their activities on reducing the harmful use of alcohol by motivating and engaging their stakeholders in implementation of the global strategy within existing partnerships or by developing new collaborative frameworks,as well as by promoting and supportin

245、g,within their roles and mandates,intersectoral and multisectoral collaboration and dialogue while monitoring and countering undue influences from commercial vested interests that undermine attainment of public health objectives.Proposed measures for economic operators in alcohol production and trad

246、e Economic operators are invited to substitute,whenever possible,higher-alcohol products with no-alcohol and lower-alcohol products in their overall product portfolios,with the goal of decreasing the overall levels of alcohol consumption in populations and consumer groups,while avoiding the circumve

247、ntion of existing regulations for alcoholic beverages and the targeting of new consumer groups with alcohol marketing,advertising and promotional activities.Economic operators in alcohol production and trade,as well as economic operators in other relevant sectors(such as retail,advertisements,hospit

248、ality,tourism,social media and communication),are encouraged to contribute to the elimination of marketing and sales of alcoholic beverages to minors and to the elimination of commercial activities targeted towards other high-risk groups,as well as to implement self-regulatory measures and take othe

249、r actions to contribute to the elimination of such marketing practices within regulatory and co-regulatory frameworks with a legislative basis.Global alcohol action plan 20222030 20Action area 4:Technical support and capacity-building45.There is a need to strengthen the capacity and capability of co

250、untries to create,enforce and sustain the necessary policy and legislative frameworks;develop infrastructure and sustainable mechanisms for their implementation at national and subnational levels;and ensure that implemented strategies and interventions are based on the best available scientific evid

251、ence and best practices of their implementation that have accumulated in different cultural,economic and social contexts.The implementation of alcohol policy measures at the country level based on national contexts,needs and priorities may require strong technical assistance,particularly in less-res

252、ourced countries and in technical areas such as taxation,legislation,regulations for digital marketing and their enforcement,or the consideration of health protection from alcohol-related harm in trade negotiations.Global targets for action area 4Global target 4.1:By 2030,50%of countries have a stre

253、ngthened capacity for the implementation of effective strategies and interventions to reduce the harmful use of alcohol at national level.Global target 4.2:By 2030,50%of countries have a strengthened capacity in health services to provide prevention and treatment interventions for health conditions

254、due to alcohol use in line with the principles of universal health coverage.Proposed actions for Member StatesAction 1.Develop national institutional capacities for applying population-wide initiatives to tackle the determinants that drive the acceptability,availability and affordability of hazardou

255、s and harmful drinking patterns,including for the provision of country-tailored technical assistance,strengthening governance mechanisms towards accountability,transparency and the participation of stakeholders.Action 2.Develop or strengthen technical capacity and infrastructure,with the involvement

256、 of public health-oriented civil society organizations,including youth organizations,for the implementation of high-impact strategies and interventions to reduce the harmful use of alcohol and,when appropriate,collaborate with the WHO Secretariat on the testing,dissemination,implementation and evalu

257、ation of WHO technical tools,recommendations and training materials.Action 3.Document and share with WHO good practices and examples of policy responses and implemented measures to reduce the harmful use of alcohol in different socioeconomic and cultural contexts,based on the 10 recommended target a

258、reas for policy options and interventions included in the global strategy.Action 4.Develop or strengthen the capacity of health professionals in health and social care systems,including health providers working in the areas of NCDs and mental health,to prevent,identify and manage hazardous drinking2

259、3 and disorders due to alcohol use,and develop the capacity of health and social care systems in urban and rural areas to ensure universal health coverage for people with AUDs and comorbid health conditions.23 In the International Classification of Diseases,11th revision(ICD-11)(Geneva:World Health

260、Organization;2019),the“hazardous alcohol use”is defined as a“pattern of alcohol use that appreciably increases the risk of harmful physical or mental health consequences to the user or to others to an extent that warrants attention and advice from health professionals”.Action plan(20222030)to effect

261、ively implement the global strategy to reduce the harmful use of alcohol as a public health priority21Action 5.Support the capacity-building of health professionals,including health providers working in the areas of NCDs and mental health,as well as public health experts and representatives of civil

262、 society organizations,including mutual help groups and associations of affected individuals and their family members,to advocate for,implement,enforce and sustain the implementation of effective measures to reduce the harmful use of alcohol,including through screening and brief interventions for ha

263、zardous and harmful drinking,as well as through support for the relevant education and training programmes.Action 6.Develop and support the implementation of activities aimed at the prevention of alcohol-related violence towards women,children and the elderly,as well as activities aimed at the preve

264、ntion of alcohol-related suicides,and ensure access to health services for those affected by alcohol-related violence or suicides.Action 7.Develop and support the implementation of activities for reducing the public health impact of illicitly or informally produced alcohol,taking into consideration

265、the differences in strategies to address informally and illegally produced alcohol,including activities related to the assessment of the level of unrecorded alcohol consumption in populations,the efficient control of alcohol production and distribution,raising awareness of the associated health risk

266、s and community mobilization.Action 8.Promote policies for healthy settings(e.g.,educational campus,sport sites,workplace);analyse,assess and develop guidance on population-based interventions related to risk exposure;support local and bottom-up initiatives for protecting against harmful alcohol con

267、sumption(e.g.,integrated actions across sectors such as the education,social,health care and public health sectors);and support community actions that advocate for alcohol policy changes in various settings and populations,including high-risk groups(e.g.,indigenous populations,young people,women).Ac

268、tion 9.Develop health promotion services based on learning loops and behavioural change,while ensuring links to promoting health interventions in primary health care.Proposed actions for the WHO SecretariatAction 1.Collect,compile and disseminate,through WHO information channels at global and region

269、al levels,good practices and examples of policy responses and implemented measures to reduce the harmful use of alcohol in Member States,based on the 10 recommended target areas for policy options and interventions,including legislative provisions,and develop and maintain the global and regional rep

270、ositories of good practice and examples,including those for workplaces and educational institutions.Action 2.Foster and strengthen global and regional networks of national technical counterparts by developing capacity-building platforms,in partnership with academia and civil society organizations,wi

271、th a focus on particularly challenging areas such as digital marketing and social media advertising;protecting alcohol control in the context of supranational policy and regulatory frameworks;strengthening health service and social care responses;and building up national monitoring systems on alcoho

272、l and health or integrating these focus areas into existing national monitoring systems.Global alcohol action plan 20222030 22Action 3.Develop,test and disseminate global evidence-based and ethical recommendations,standards,guidelines and technical tools,including a protocol for the comprehensive as

273、sessment of alcohol policies;propose,as deemed necessary and according to WHO procedures,other normative or technical instruments to provide normative and technical guidance on the effective and cost-effective prevention and treatment interventions in different settings;and provide support to Member

274、 States in implementing the global strategy according to the 10 recommended target areas for policy options and interventions.Action 4.Develop information products and technical tools to support the prevention,management and monitoring and surveillance of alcohol-related suicides and alcohol-related

275、 violence,including violence towards women,children and the elderly,as well as to provide technical guidance on the treatment and care of those affected by alcohol-related violence or suicides.Action 5.Increase the capacity of the Secretariat to provide technical assistance and support to countries

276、in addressing cross-border alcohol marketing,advertising and promotional activities,as well as unrecorded alcohol24 consumption and related harm.Action 6.Develop a global country support network of experts and strengthen the global coordination of relevant activities of WHO collaborating centres in

277、order to increase the Secretariats capacity to respond to Member States requests for support for their efforts to develop,implement and evaluate strategies and programmes to reduce the harmful use of alcohol.Action 7.Develop,test and disseminate technical guidance and supporting technical tools for

278、the assessment,prevention and reduction of alcohol-related harm in humanitarian settings.Action 8.Support the development and implementation of sustainable programmes on the identification and management of hazardous and harmful drinking in primary health care and other non-specialized and specializ

279、ed health care programmes,such as programmes for noncommunicable or infectious diseases,and promote screening and brief interventions,as well as other interventions with proven effectiveness.Action 9.Develop a global programme of training and capacity-strengthening activities on priority areas for g

280、lobal action and target areas for action at national level,and implement this programme by organizing and supporting global,regional and intercountry workshops,seminars(including web-based seminars),online consultations and other capacity-building activities covering multisectoral responses and meas

281、ures beyond the health sector.Action 10.Support and conduct capacity-building projects and activities on planning and implementing research and the dissemination of research findings,with a particular focus on alcohol policy research in low-and middle-income countries,as well as on data generation t

282、o produce reliable estimates of alcohol consumption,alcohol-related harm and treatment coverage for AUDs.24 Unrecorded alcohol refers to alcohol that is not accounted for in official statistics on alcohol taxation or sales in the country where it is consumed,because it is usually produced,distribute

283、d and sold outside formal channels under government control.Action plan(20222030)to effectively implement the global strategy to reduce the harmful use of alcohol as a public health priority23Action 11.Reconvene the WHO Expert Committee on Problems Related to Alcohol Consumption for a comprehensive

284、review of the accumulated evidence on feasible and effective measures to address the harmful use of alcohol,monitoring the progress made and providing recommendations on the way forward,and ensure the convening of regular meetings of the Committee during the period of implementation of the action pl

285、an.Proposed actions for international partners,civil society organizations and academia Action 1.Major partners in the United Nations system and intergovernmental organizations are invited to prioritize technical assistance and capacity-building activities for accelerating implementation of the glob

286、al strategy in their developmental assistance and country support activities and plans.Action 2.Civil society organizations,professional associations and research institutions are invited to develop capacity-building activities at national and,if appropriate,international levels within their roles a

287、nd mandates.They are invited to contribute to capacity-building and provide technical assistance for activities undertaken by Member States,WHO or other international organizations,in line with the objectives and principles of the global strategy and the action plan.Action 3.International partners,c

288、ivil society organizations and academia are encouraged to monitor and report activities that undermine effective public health measures and are encouraged to refrain from co-funding initiatives with economic operators in alcohol production and trade.Proposed measures for economic operators in alcoho

289、l production and tradeEconomic operators in alcohol production and trade are invited to implement capacity-building activities for reducing the harmful use of alcohol within their core roles and sectors of alcohol production,distribution and sales,and to refrain from engagement in capacity-building

290、activities outside their core roles that may undermine or compete with the activities of the public health community.Action area 5:Knowledge production and information systems46.The production and dissemination of knowledge facilitates advocacy,policy prioritization and evaluation and supports overa

291、ll global actions to reduce the harmful use of alcohol.International collaborative research and knowledge production should focus on the generation of data that are highly relevant to understanding the epidemiology of the health risks associated with alcohol consumption and the development and imple

292、mentation of alcohol policies.The effective monitoring of the levels and patterns of alcohol consumption in populations and of alcohol-related harm,including alcohol-attributable disease burden,is of the utmost importance for monitoring the progress of implementation of the global strategy at nation

293、al,regional and global levels and should be conducted in conjunction with monitoring the implementation of alcohol policy measures.The effective monitoring of alcohol consumption,alcohol-related harm and policy responses requires streamlined data generation,collection,validation and reporting proced

294、ures that will allow regular updates of country-level data at one to two year intervals,with minimized time lags between data collection and reporting.The effective monitoring of treatment coverage for AUDs requires not only taking these actions but also developing better methods of monitoring treat

295、ment coverage,all within the framework of universal health coverage.Global alcohol action plan 20222030 2447.Significantly more resources are required for investment in international research on alcohol policy development and implementation in low-and middle-income countries,based on evidence of the

296、 uneven implementation of alcohol policy measures in different jurisdictions,including quantitative and qualitative analyses of barriers,enabling factors,the impact of different policy options and levels of implementation in different population groups.Research,including international research proje

297、cts,is needed on the role of alcohol consumption in the development,progression and treatment outcomes of major NCDs,including cancers,as well as in the transmission,progression and treatment outcomes of some infectious diseases.There is a need to intensify international research activities on harm

298、to others from drinking;the impact of the harmful use of alcohol on child development and maternal health;FASDs;and the consumption of informally and illegally produced alcohol and its health consequences.International studies are needed on effective ways to increase health literacy with regard to a

299、lcohol and the health of people who consume alcohol.Studies on the costs and benefits of alcohol control measures and the development of investment cases can help to overcome the resistance to effective alcohol control measures rooted in the financial and other revenues associated with alcohol produ

300、ction and trade.Global targets for action area 5Global target 5.1:By 2030,75%of countries have national data generated and regularly reported on alcohol consumption,alcohol-related harm and implementation of alcohol control measures.Global target 5.2:By 2030,50%of countries have national data genera

301、ted and regularly reported on monitoring progress towards the attainment of universal health coverage for AUDs and major health conditions due to alcohol use.Proposed actions for Member StatesAction 1.Support the generation,compilation and dissemination of knowledge at the national level on the magn

302、itude and nature of public health problems caused by the harmful use of alcohol and the effectiveness of different policy options,and undertake activities for informing the general public about health and other risks associated with alcohol consumption and alcohol-related health conditions in differ

303、ent populations.Action 2.In coordination with relevant stakeholders,develop or strengthen national and subnational monitoring systems and sets of national health system indicators and targets for monitoring alcohol consumption and its socioeconomic and behavioural modifiers,including on the affordab

304、ility and availability of alcohol,the awareness of alcohol-related risks,the attitudes towards alcohol consumption and the exposure to digital marketing and the health and social consequences of alcohol consumption,as well as appropriate policy and programme responses,including treatment coverage fo

305、r AUDs,in line with the SDGs and WHO indicators and their definitions.Action 3.Establish national monitoring centres or other appropriate institutional entities with the responsibility to collect and compile national data on alcohol consumption,alcohol-related harm and policy responses,as well as mo

306、nitoring trends,and to report regularly to national authorities and the WHOs regional and global information systems on alcohol and health.Action plan(20222030)to effectively implement the global strategy to reduce the harmful use of alcohol as a public health priority25Action 4.Support monitoring a

307、nd research activities that are focused on alcohol consumption and related harms among particularly vulnerable population groups,such as young people,pregnant women,people with chronic health conditions that increase vulnerability to alcohol-related harm,people in contact with criminal justice syste

308、ms and people experiencing homelessness.Action 5.Support research activities on risk and protective factors for different patterns of alcohol use and its health consequences,including the development of AUDs,in order to inform national prevention and treatment strategies and interventions.Action 6.I

309、nclude alcohol modules with recommended questions on alcohol consumption and related harms in the data-collection tools used in population-based surveillance activities at national and subnational levels in order to facilitate international comparisons,paying due attention to the possibilities for d

310、ata disaggregation.Action 7.Collaborate with the WHO Secretariat on global surveys on alcohol and health by collecting,collating and reporting the information required,as well as by validating the country estimates and profiles received from the WHO Secretariat for inclusion in global and regional m

311、onitoring frameworks and databases.Action 8.Document,collate and disseminate practical experiences in the implementation of alcohol policy measures and interventions and support and promote the evaluation of their effectiveness,cost-effectiveness and impacts on alcohol-attributable harm in order to

312、document the feasibility,effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of policy measures in different contexts and populations.Proposed actions for the WHO SecretariatAction 1.Maintain and further develop the WHOs Global Information System on Alcohol and Health(GISAH)and regional information systems by deve

313、loping and integrating indicators for monitoring the implementation of the global strategy and the NCD-GAP;the further operationalization and standardization of GISAH indicators;the coordination of data collection activities at all levels;and the consolidation of information on the effectiveness and

314、 cost-effectiveness of policy measures and interventions to reduce the harmful use of alcohol and public health problems attributable to alcohol.Action 2.Support capacity-building for research,monitoring and surveillance on alcohol and health by establishing and supporting global and regional resear

315、ch networks and training and supporting data collection,analysis and dissemination.Action 3.Prepare and implement during the period 20222030 at least three waves of data collection on alcohol consumption,alcohol-related harm and alcohol policies from Member States through the WHO Global Survey on Al

316、cohol and Health(tentatively in 2022,2025 and 2028)and from other relevant information sources.Also,use computerized data-collection tools and web-based data-collection platforms and disseminate information through GISAH,regional information systems,and global and regional status reports on alcohol

317、and health.Whenever necessary,organize data-consensus workshops for improving the quality of data.Action 4.Continually review,analyse and disseminate the emerging scientific evidence on the magnitude and nature of the public health problems that are attributable to alcohol consumption and the determ

318、inants of the availability and affordability Global alcohol action plan 20222030 26of alcohol beverages,paying due attention given to the attitudes,risk awareness and inequities related to alcohol consumption,as well as the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of policy measures and interventions.Th

319、is includes convening meetings of related technical advisory groups,including the WHO Technical Advisory Group on Alcohol and Drug Epidemiology.Action 5.Continue to generate comparable data on alcohol consumption,its determinants,alcohol-related mortality and morbidity and estimates of alcohol-attri

320、butable burden,with disaggregation,whenever possible,by gender,age and socioeconomic status,within the comparative risk assessment and global burden of disease estimates.Action 6.Continue and further develop collaboration with international organizations and United Nations agencies on data collectio

321、n and analysis in order to harmonize data-collection tools and activities and facilitate international comparisons,as well as to continue dialogue and information exchange with alcohol producers,industry-supported data providers and research groups and organizations so as to improve the coverage and

322、 quality of data on alcohol production and distribution and the consumption of alcoholic beverages at global,regional and national levels.Action 7.Promote and support priority-setting for international research on alcohol and health,as well as specific international research projects,in low-and midd

323、le-income countries,with the engagement of WHO collaborating centres.This should include a particular focus on the epidemiology of alcohol consumption and alcohol-related harm,the evaluation of policy measures and interventions in health services,comparative effectiveness research and the relationsh

324、ip between harmful use of alcohol and social and health inequities.Initiate and implement in selected low-and middle-income countries international research projects on the determinants of alcohol consumption and alcohol-related harm,including research on FASDs,alcohol-related suicides and other men

325、tal health conditions,as well as the role of alcohol consumption in the development and progression of major NCDs,including cancers.Action 8.Develop methodology,core indicators and computerized data-collection tools and support the generation of comparable data on the implementation of effective pol

326、icy measures at national level,using the system of indices and scores,and support information-and experience-sharing among countries,particularly those with similar socioeconomic and cultural contexts.Proposed actions for international partners,civil society organizations and academiaAction 1.Major

327、partners in the United Nations system and intergovernmental organizations are invited to support knowledge generation and monitoring activities on alcohol and health at all levels and to work with WHO on alcohol policy research,including the impact of differentiated policies according to the alcohol

328、 content of alcoholic beverages,as well as on harmonization of indicators and data-collection tools,and to support national monitoring capacities in line with the reporting commitments of major international monitoring frameworks.Action 2.Civil society organizations,professional associations and res

329、earch institutions are invited to support WHO efforts on data collection and analysis to improve the coverage and quality of data on alcohol consumption,alcohol-related harm,policy responses and treatment coverage for AUDs at global,regional and national levels,Action plan(20222030)to effectively im

330、plement the global strategy to reduce the harmful use of alcohol as a public health priority27as well as to support countries in their efforts to build and strengthen research and monitoring capacities in this area.Proposed measures for economic operators in alcohol production and tradeEconomic oper

331、ators in alcohol production and trade are called upon to disclose,with due regard for the limitations associated with the confidentiality of commercial information,data of public health relevance,including a description of the methodology used to generate such data,in order to contribute to the impr

332、ovement of WHO estimates of alcohol consumption in populations.This includes data on the production and sales of alcoholic beverages,as well as data on consumer knowledge,attitudes and preferences regarding alcoholic beverages.Action area 6:Resource mobilization48.Lack of the required financial and

333、human resources presents a primary barrier to introducing or accelerating global and national actions to reduce the harmful use of alcohol and reducing the inequities related to alcohol consumption and its consequences between and within different jurisdictions.Adequate resources need to be mobilized at all levels for implementation of the global strategy,namely for the development,implementation